使用 rpm 包安装 MySQL 8.0.35

JiekeXu之路

发布于 2024-02-01 12:40:12

4630

发布于 2024-02-01 12:40:12

本文主要针对初学者介绍如何在 Linux 系统上使用 rpm 包的方式安装一台单机版的 MySQL，之前也在 Win10 上安装过单机版的 MySQL8.0，有需要的也可以点击此处 Windows 10 环境下 MySQL 8.0.33 安装指南。MySQL8.0 OCP 考试中也有关于使用 rpm 安装 MySQL 相关的考题，如果有考试的同学，也可以注意一下其中的细节。首先这里你需要准备一台可以上网的 Linux 操作系统，CPU 内存、磁盘大小不限制。

按照以下步骤安装最新的 GA 版本的 MySQL 使用 MySQL Yum 存储库：

1、添加 MySQL Yum 存储库

First, add the MySQL Yum repository to your system’s repository list.
 This is a one-time operation, which can be performed by installing an 
RPM provided by MySQL. Follow these steps:
Go to the Download MySQL Yum Repository page (https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/) in the MySQL Developer Zone.

首先，将 MySQL Yum 存储库添加到系统的存储库列表。这是一次性操作，可以是通过安装 MySQL 提供的 RPM 来执行。

https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/

如上图，选择合适自己操作系统的 rpm包，点击 Download，会出现 Login 登录页面，这里选择“No thanks, just start my download.”跳过登录直接下载。然后将下载后的 rpm 包“mysql80-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm” 上传到 Linux 服务器。

[root@JiekeXu yum.repos.d]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core) 
[root@JiekeXu yum.repos.d]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root   97G   94G  3.9G  97% /
devtmpfs                 5.8G     0  5.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs                    5.8G     0  5.8G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    5.8G   29M  5.8G   1% /run
tmpfs                    5.8G     0  5.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1               1014M  180M  835M  18% /boot
tmpfs                    1.2G     0  1.2G   0% /run/user/1004
tmpfs                    1.2G  4.0K  1.2G   1% /run/user/42
tmpfs                    1.2G   56K  1.2G   1% /run/user/0
[root@JiekeXu yum.repos.d]# free -h
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:            11G        3.2G        285M        2.2G        8.1G        6.0G
Swap:          2.0G          0B        2.0G  
[root@JiekeXu ~]# ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (220.181.38.149) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 220.181.38.149 (220.181.38.149): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=5.81 ms
64 bytes from 220.181.38.149 (220.181.38.149): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=5.96 ms
64 bytes from 220.181.38.149 (220.181.38.149): icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=5.91 ms
64 bytes from 220.181.38.149 (220.181.38.149): icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=6.03 ms
64 bytes from 220.181.38.149 (220.181.38.149): icmp_seq=5 ttl=128 time=5.16 ms
^C
--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4004ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 5.169/5.778/6.031/0.327 ms

2、使用 yum 安装此 rpm 包

[root@JiekeXu ~]# yum install mysql80-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Examining mysql80-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm: mysql80-community-release-el7-11.noarch
Marking mysql80-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm to be installed
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql80-community-release.noarch 0:el7-11 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
file:///mnt/centos/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] curl#37 - "Couldn't open file /mnt/centos/repodata/repomd.xml"
Trying other mirror.

Dependencies Resolved

===============================================================================================================================
 Package                            Arch            Version            Repository                                         Size
===============================================================================================================================
Installing:
 mysql80-community-release          noarch          el7-11             /mysql80-community-release-el7-11.noarch           17 k

Transaction Summary
===============================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total size: 17 k
Installed size: 17 k
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : mysql80-community-release-el7-11.noarch                                                                     1/1 
  Verifying  : mysql80-community-release-el7-11.noarch                                                                     1/1 

Installed:
  mysql80-community-release.noarch 0:el7-11                                                                                    

Complete!

3、选择发行系列

在 MySQL Yum 存储库中，MySQL 社区服务器的不同版本系列托管在不同的子存储库中。最新 GA 系列(当前 MySQL 8.0 )的子存储库默认是启用的，而所有其他系列(例如MySQL 8.0 系列)的子存储库默认是禁用的。使用此命令查看 MySQL Yum 存储库中的所有子存储库，并查看其中哪些是启用或禁用的(对于启用 dnf 的系统，将命令中的 Yum 替换为 dnf ):

[root@JiekeXu ~]# yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"
file:///mnt/centos/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] curl#37 - "Couldn't open file /mnt/centos/repodata/repomd.xml"
Trying other mirror.
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64       MySQL Connectors Community           234
mysql-tools-community/x86_64            MySQL Tools Community                102
mysql80-community/x86_64                MySQL 8.0 Community Server           446
[root@JiekeXu ~]# yum repolist all | grep mysql
file:///mnt/centos/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] curl#37 - "Couldn't open file /mnt/centos/repodata/repomd.xml"
Trying other mirror.
mysql-cluster-7.5-community/x86_64                  MySQL Cluste disabled
mysql-cluster-7.5-community-source                  MySQL Cluste disabled
mysql-cluster-7.6-community/x86_64                  MySQL Cluste disabled
mysql-cluster-7.6-community-source                  MySQL Cluste disabled
mysql-cluster-8.0-community/x86_64                  MySQL Cluste disabled
mysql-cluster-8.0-community-debuginfo/x86_64        MySQL Cluste disabled
mysql-cluster-8.0-community-source                  MySQL Cluste disabled
mysql-cluster-innovation-community/x86_64           MySQL Cluste disabled
mysql-cluster-innovation-community-debuginfo/x86_64 MySQL Cluste disabled
mysql-cluster-innovation-community-source           MySQL Cluste disabled
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64                   MySQL Connec enabled:    234
mysql-connectors-community-debuginfo/x86_64         MySQL Connec disabled
mysql-connectors-community-source                   MySQL Connec disabled
mysql-innovation-community/x86_64                   MySQL Innova disabled
mysql-innovation-community-debuginfo/x86_64         MySQL Innova disabled
mysql-innovation-community-source                   MySQL Innova disabled
mysql-tools-community/x86_64                        MySQL Tools  enabled:    102
mysql-tools-community-debuginfo/x86_64              MySQL Tools  disabled
mysql-tools-community-source                        MySQL Tools  disabled
mysql-tools-innovation-community/x86_64             MySQL Tools  disabled
mysql-tools-innovation-community-debuginfo/x86_64   MySQL Tools  disabled
mysql-tools-innovation-community-source             MySQL Tools  disabled
mysql-tools-preview/x86_64                          MySQL Tools  disabled
mysql-tools-preview-source                          MySQL Tools  disabled
mysql57-community/x86_64                            MySQL 5.7 Co disabled
mysql57-community-source                            MySQL 5.7 Co disabled
mysql80-community/x86_64                            MySQL 8.0 Co enabled:    446
mysql80-community-debuginfo/x86_64                  MySQL 8.0 Co disabled
mysql80-community-source                            MySQL 8.0 Co disabled

要安装最新GA系列的最新版本，不需要进行任何配置。要安装非最新GA系列的特定系列的最新版本，请在运行安装命令之前禁用最新GA系列的子存储库，并启用特定系列的子存储库。如果您的平台支持 yum-config-manager，您可以通过发出以下命令来实现，这些命令将禁用5.7系列的子存储库并启用8.0系列的子存储库:

[root@JiekeXu ~]# yum-config-manager --disable mysql57-community
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
=================================================== repo: mysql57-community ===================================================
[mysql57-community]
async = True
bandwidth = 0
base_persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7
baseurl = http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/x86_64
cache = 0
cachedir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql57-community
check_config_file_age = True
compare_providers_priority = 80
cost = 1000
deltarpm_metadata_percentage = 100
deltarpm_percentage = 
enabled = False
enablegroups = True
exclude = 
failovermethod = priority
ftp_disable_epsv = False
gpgcadir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7/mysql57-community/gpgcadir
gpgcakey = 
gpgcheck = True
gpgdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7/mysql57-community/gpgdir
gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2023,
   file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022,
   file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
hdrdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql57-community/headers
http_caching = all
includepkgs = 
ip_resolve = 
keepalive = True
keepcache = False
mddownloadpolicy = sqlite
mdpolicy = group:small
mediaid = 
metadata_expire = 21600
metadata_expire_filter = read-only:present
metalink = 
minrate = 0
mirrorlist = 
mirrorlist_expire = 86400
name = MySQL 5.7 Community Server
old_base_cache_dir = 
password = 
persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7/mysql57-community
pkgdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql57-community/packages
proxy = False
proxy_dict = 
proxy_password = 
proxy_username = 
repo_gpgcheck = False
retries = 10
skip_if_unavailable = False
ssl_check_cert_permissions = True
sslcacert = 
sslclientcert = 
sslclientkey = 
sslverify = True
throttle = 0
timeout = 30.0
ui_id = mysql57-community/x86_64
ui_repoid_vars = releasever,
   basearch
username = 

[root@JiekeXu ~]# yum-config-manager --enable mysql80-community
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
=================================================== repo: mysql80-community ===================================================
[mysql80-community]
async = True
bandwidth = 0
base_persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7
baseurl = http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-8.0-community/el/7/x86_64
cache = 0
cachedir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql80-community
check_config_file_age = True
compare_providers_priority = 80
cost = 1000
deltarpm_metadata_percentage = 100
deltarpm_percentage = 
enabled = True
enablegroups = True
exclude = 
failovermethod = priority
ftp_disable_epsv = False
gpgcadir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7/mysql80-community/gpgcadir
gpgcakey = 
gpgcheck = True
gpgdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7/mysql80-community/gpgdir
gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2023,
   file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022,
   file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
hdrdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql80-community/headers
http_caching = all
includepkgs = 
ip_resolve = 
keepalive = True
keepcache = False
mddownloadpolicy = sqlite
mdpolicy = group:small
mediaid = 
metadata_expire = 21600
metadata_expire_filter = read-only:present
metalink = 
minrate = 0
mirrorlist = 
mirrorlist_expire = 86400
name = MySQL 8.0 Community Server
old_base_cache_dir = 
password = 
persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7/mysql80-community
pkgdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql80-community/packages
proxy = False
proxy_dict = 
proxy_password = 
proxy_username = 
repo_gpgcheck = False
retries = 10
skip_if_unavailable = False
ssl_check_cert_permissions = True
sslcacert = 
sslclientcert = 
sslclientkey = 
sslverify = True
throttle = 0
timeout = 30.0
ui_id = mysql80-community/x86_64
ui_repoid_vars = releasever,
   basearch
username =

除了使用 yum-config-manager 或 dnf config-manager 命令外，您还可以通过手动编辑 /etc/yum.rerepos.d/mysql-community.repo 文件来选择一个发布系列。这是一个典型的发布系列的子存储库在文件中的条目:

[root@JiekeXu ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo
# Enable to use MySQL 5.7
[mysql57-community]
name=MySQL 5.7 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2023
       file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022
       file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

[mysql80-community]
name=MySQL 8.0 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-8.0-community/el/7/$basearch
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2023
       file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022
       file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

[mysql-innovation-community]
name=MySQL Innovation Release Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-innovation-community/el/7/$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2023
       file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022

[mysql-connectors-community]
name=MySQL Connectors Community
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-connectors-community/el/7/$basearch
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2023
       file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022
       file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

[mysql-tools-community]
name=MySQL Tools Community
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-community/el/7/$basearch
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2023
       file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022
       file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

[mysql-tools-innovation-community]
name=MySQL Tools Innovation Community
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-innovation-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2023
       file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022

[mysql-tools-preview]
name=MySQL Tools Preview
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-preview/el/7/$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2023
       file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022
       file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

[mysql-cluster-7.5-community]
name=MySQL Cluster 7.5 Community
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-cluster-7.5-community/el/7/$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2023
       file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022
       file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

[mysql-cluster-7.6-community]
name=MySQL Cluster 7.6 Community
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-cluster-7.6-community/el/7/$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2023
       file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022
       file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

[mysql-cluster-8.0-community]
name=MySQL Cluster 8.0 Community
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-cluster-8.0-community/el/7/$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2023
       file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022
       file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

[mysql-cluster-innovation-community]
name=MySQL Cluster Innovation Release Community
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-cluster-innovation-community/el/7/$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2023
       file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022
[root@JiekeXu ~]# 

[root@JiekeXu ~]# yum repolist enabled | grep mysql
file:///mnt/centos/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] curl#37 - "Couldn't open file /mnt/centos/repodata/repomd.xml"
Trying other mirror.
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64       MySQL Connectors Community           234
mysql-tools-community/x86_64            MySQL Tools Community                102
mysql80-community/x86_64                MySQL 8.0 Community Server           446
[root@JiekeXu ~]#

4、禁用默认 MySQL 模块

(仅限 EL8 系统)基于 EL8 的系统(如 RHEL8 和 Oracle Linux 8)包含默认开启的 MySQL模块。除非该模块被禁用，否则它会屏蔽 MySQL 存储库提供的包。要禁用包含的模块并使 MySQL 存储库包可见，使用以下命令(对于启用 dnf 的系统，将命令中的 yum 替换为 dnf)。

注意：这里仅针对 Linux8 操作系统，如果是 Linux7 会和我这里一样报错。

[root@JiekeXu ~]# yum module disable mysql
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
No such command: module. Please use /usr/bin/yum --help
[root@JiekeXu ~]#

5、安装 MySQL8.0.35

2024-01-16 MySQL8.0.36 正式发布了，现在应该可以安装 MySQL8.0.36 了，我这里还是安装 8.0.35 版本。

[root@JiekeXu ~]# yum install mysql-community-server
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
 * updates: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
file:///mnt/centos/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] curl#37 - "Couldn't open file /mnt/centos/repodata/repomd.xml"
Trying other mirror.
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5 will be obsoleted
---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:8.0.35-1.el7 will be obsoleting
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 8.0.35-1.el7 for package: mysql-community-server-8.0.35-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-icu-data-files = 8.0.35-1.el7 for package: mysql-community-server-8.0.35-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 8.0.11 for package: mysql-community-server-8.0.35-1.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5 will be obsoleted
---> Package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:8.0.35-1.el7 will be obsoleting
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-client-plugins = 8.0.35-1.el7 for package: mysql-community-client-8.0.35-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-libs(x86-64) >= 8.0.11 for package: mysql-community-client-8.0.35-1.el7.x86_64
---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:8.0.35-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package mysql-community-icu-data-files.x86_64 0:8.0.35-1.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5 will be obsoleted
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) for package: perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-6.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-7.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) for package: 1:net-snmp-5.7.2-37.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) for package: perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-6.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-7.el7.x86_64
---> Package mysql-community-client-plugins.x86_64 0:8.0.35-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:8.0.35-1.el7 will be obsoleting
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:8.0.35-1.el7 will be obsoleting
---> Package net-snmp.x86_64 1:5.7.2-37.el7 will be updated
---> Package net-snmp.x86_64 1:5.7.2-49.el7_9.3 will be an update
--> Processing Dependency: net-snmp-libs = 1:5.7.2-49.el7_9.3 for package: 1:net-snmp-5.7.2-49.el7_9.3.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: net-snmp-agent-libs = 1:5.7.2-49.el7_9.3 for package: 1:net-snmp-5.7.2-49.el7_9.3.x86_64
---> Package postfix.x86_64 2:2.10.1-7.el7 will be updated
---> Package postfix.x86_64 2:2.10.1-9.el7 will be an update
--> Running transaction check
---> Package net-snmp-agent-libs.x86_64 1:5.7.2-37.el7 will be updated
---> Package net-snmp-agent-libs.x86_64 1:5.7.2-49.el7_9.3 will be an update
---> Package net-snmp-libs.x86_64 1:5.7.2-37.el7 will be updated
--> Processing Dependency: net-snmp-libs = 1:5.7.2-37.el7 for package: 1:net-snmp-utils-5.7.2-37.el7.x86_64
---> Package net-snmp-libs.x86_64 1:5.7.2-49.el7_9.3 will be an update
--> Running transaction check
---> Package net-snmp-utils.x86_64 1:5.7.2-37.el7 will be updated
---> Package net-snmp-utils.x86_64 1:5.7.2-49.el7_9.3 will be an update
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

===============================================================================================================================
 Package                                   Arch              Version                        Repository                    Size
===============================================================================================================================
Installing:
 mysql-community-client                    x86_64            8.0.35-1.el7                   mysql80-community             16 M
     replacing  mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5
 mysql-community-libs                      x86_64            8.0.35-1.el7                   mysql80-community            1.5 M
     replacing  mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5
 mysql-community-libs-compat               x86_64            8.0.35-1.el7                   mysql80-community            669 k
     replacing  mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5
 mysql-community-server                    x86_64            8.0.35-1.el7                   mysql80-community             64 M
     replacing  mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5
Installing for dependencies:
 mysql-community-client-plugins            x86_64            8.0.35-1.el7                   mysql80-community            3.5 M
 mysql-community-common                    x86_64            8.0.35-1.el7                   mysql80-community            665 k
 mysql-community-icu-data-files            x86_64            8.0.35-1.el7                   mysql80-community            2.2 M
Updating for dependencies:
 net-snmp                                  x86_64            1:5.7.2-49.el7_9.3             updates                      325 k
 net-snmp-agent-libs                       x86_64            1:5.7.2-49.el7_9.3             updates                      707 k
 net-snmp-libs                             x86_64            1:5.7.2-49.el7_9.3             updates                      752 k
 net-snmp-utils                            x86_64            1:5.7.2-49.el7_9.3             updates                      201 k
 postfix                                   x86_64            2:2.10.1-9.el7                 base                         2.4 M

Transaction Summary
===============================================================================================================================
Install  4 Packages (+3 Dependent packages)
Upgrade             ( 5 Dependent packages)

Total size: 93 M
Total download size: 89 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql80-community/packages/mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 3a79bd29: NOKEY
Public key for mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed
(1/7): mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                           | 3.5 MB  00:00:03     
(2/7): mysql-community-common-8.0.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                   | 665 kB  00:00:00     
(3/7): mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                           | 2.2 MB  00:00:01     
(4/7): mysql-community-libs-8.0.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                     | 1.5 MB  00:00:00     
(5/7): mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                              | 669 kB  00:00:00     
(6/7): mysql-community-server-8.0.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                   |  64 MB  00:00:11     
(7/7): mysql-community-client-8.0.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                   |  16 MB  00:01:45     
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                          859 kB/s |  89 MB  00:01:45     
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2023
Importing GPG key 0xA8D3785C:
 Userid     : "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>"
 Fingerprint: bca4 3417 c3b4 85dd 128e c6d4 b7b3 b788 a8d3 785c
 Package    : mysql80-community-release-el7-11.noarch (installed)
 From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2023
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022
Importing GPG key 0x3A79BD29:
 Userid     : "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>"
 Fingerprint: 859b e8d7 c586 f538 430b 19c2 467b 942d 3a79 bd29
 Package    : mysql80-community-release-el7-11.noarch (installed)
 From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
Importing GPG key 0x5072E1F5:
 Userid     : "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>"
 Fingerprint: a4a9 4068 76fc bd3c 4567 70c8 8c71 8d3b 5072 e1f5
 Package    : mysql80-community-release-el7-11.noarch (installed)
 From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Updating   : 1:net-snmp-libs-5.7.2-49.el7_9.3.x86_64                                                                    1/20 
  Installing : mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.35-1.el7.x86_64                                                         2/20 
  Installing : mysql-community-common-8.0.35-1.el7.x86_64                                                                 3/20 
  Installing : mysql-community-libs-8.0.35-1.el7.x86_64                                                                   4/20 
  Installing : mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.35-1.el7.x86_64                                                            5/20 
  Updating   : 1:net-snmp-agent-libs-5.7.2-49.el7_9.3.x86_64                                                              6/20 
  Installing : mysql-community-client-8.0.35-1.el7.x86_64                                                                 7/20 
  Installing : mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.35-1.el7.x86_64                                                         8/20 
  Installing : mysql-community-server-8.0.35-1.el7.x86_64                                                                 9/20 
  Updating   : 1:net-snmp-5.7.2-49.el7_9.3.x86_64                                                                        10/20 
  Updating   : 2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64                                                                             11/20 
  Updating   : 1:net-snmp-utils-5.7.2-49.el7_9.3.x86_64                                                                  12/20 
  Cleanup    : 1:net-snmp-5.7.2-37.el7.x86_64                                                                            13/20 
  Erasing    : 1:mariadb-server-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64                                                                    14/20 
  Erasing    : 1:mariadb-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64                                                                           15/20 
  Cleanup    : 1:net-snmp-agent-libs-5.7.2-37.el7.x86_64                                                                 16/20 
  Cleanup    : 2:postfix-2.10.1-7.el7.x86_64                                                                             17/20 
  Cleanup    : 1:net-snmp-utils-5.7.2-37.el7.x86_64                                                                      18/20 
  Cleanup    : 1:net-snmp-libs-5.7.2-37.el7.x86_64                                                                       19/20 
  Erasing    : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64                                                                      20/20 
  Verifying  : mysql-community-common-8.0.35-1.el7.x86_64                                                                 1/20 
  Verifying  : mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.35-1.el7.x86_64                                                         2/20 
  Verifying  : 1:net-snmp-utils-5.7.2-49.el7_9.3.x86_64                                                                   3/20 
  Verifying  : 2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64                                                                              4/20 
  Verifying  : mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.35-1.el7.x86_64                                                         5/20 
  Verifying  : mysql-community-libs-8.0.35-1.el7.x86_64                                                                   6/20 
  Verifying  : 1:net-snmp-libs-5.7.2-49.el7_9.3.x86_64                                                                    7/20 
  Verifying  : mysql-community-client-8.0.35-1.el7.x86_64                                                                 8/20 
  Verifying  : mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.35-1.el7.x86_64                                                            9/20 
  Verifying  : mysql-community-server-8.0.35-1.el7.x86_64                                                                10/20 
  Verifying  : 1:net-snmp-agent-libs-5.7.2-49.el7_9.3.x86_64                                                             11/20 
  Verifying  : 1:net-snmp-5.7.2-49.el7_9.3.x86_64                                                                        12/20 
  Verifying  : 1:mariadb-server-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64                                                                    13/20 
  Verifying  : 2:postfix-2.10.1-7.el7.x86_64                                                                             14/20 
  Verifying  : 1:net-snmp-libs-5.7.2-37.el7.x86_64                                                                       15/20 
  Verifying  : 1:mariadb-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64                                                                           16/20 
  Verifying  : 1:net-snmp-5.7.2-37.el7.x86_64                                                                            17/20 
  Verifying  : 1:net-snmp-utils-5.7.2-37.el7.x86_64                                                                      18/20 
  Verifying  : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64                                                                      19/20 
  Verifying  : 1:net-snmp-agent-libs-5.7.2-37.el7.x86_64                                                                 20/20 

Installed:
  mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:8.0.35-1.el7                     mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:8.0.35-1.el7                 
  mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:8.0.35-1.el7                mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:8.0.35-1.el7               

Dependency Installed:
  mysql-community-client-plugins.x86_64 0:8.0.35-1.el7               mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:8.0.35-1.el7              
  mysql-community-icu-data-files.x86_64 0:8.0.35-1.el7              

Dependency Updated:
  net-snmp.x86_64 1:5.7.2-49.el7_9.3                          net-snmp-agent-libs.x86_64 1:5.7.2-49.el7_9.3                    
  net-snmp-libs.x86_64 1:5.7.2-49.el7_9.3                     net-snmp-utils.x86_64 1:5.7.2-49.el7_9.3                         
  postfix.x86_64 2:2.10.1-9.el7                              

Replaced:
  mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5       mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5       mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5      

Complete!
[root@JiekeXu ~]#

这将安装 MySQL 服务器包(MySQL -community-server)和运行服务器所需的组件包，包括客户端包(MySQL -community-client)，客户端和服务器的常见错误消息和字符集(MySQL -community-common)，以及共享的客户端库(MySQL -community-libs)。

6、启动 MySQL

如果操作系统启用了 systemd，则应该使用标准的 systemctl (或者，带相反参数的service) 命令，如 stop、start、status 和 restart 来管理 MySQL 服务器服务。mysqld 服务默认是启用的，它在系统重启时启动。

所以这里可以使用 systemd 系统管理命令来管理 MySQL，不用过多的设置，它也是开机自启动的。

[root@JiekeXu ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@JiekeXu ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2024-01-09 23:38:44 CST; 8s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  Process: 58352 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 58436 (mysqld)
   Status: "Server is operational"
    Tasks: 38
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─58436 /usr/sbin/mysqld

Jan 09 23:38:38 JiekeXu systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Jan 09 23:38:44 JiekeXu systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
[root@JiekeXu ~]# service mysqld status

在服务器初始启动时，假设服务器的data目录为空，会发生以下情况:

初始化服务器。
在 data 目录下生成 SSL 证书和密钥文件。
已安装并启用 Validate_password。
创建一个超级用户帐户 ‘root’@'localhost。设置超级用户的密码并将其存储在错误日志文件中。

7、查看 root 用户临时密码

在 /var/log/mysqld.log 下查看 root 用户临时密码。

[root@JiekeXu ~]# sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2024-01-09T15:38:40.363927Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: W*UD:uDDE15-

8、登录 MySQL 并修改密码

如果不修改这个临时密码，无法进行任何操作，就连“show databases;”都无法执行。

[root@JiekeXu ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.35

Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
mysql>

9、修改密码

validate_password 插件默认已经安装了。validate_password 实现的默认密码策略要求:密码至少包含一个大写字母、一个小写字母、一位数字和一个特殊字符，并且密码总长度至少为 8 个字符。

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MySQL8.0';

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MySQL8.0';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

10、简单查看及基础设置

可以看到，默认开启了 binlog，数据目录基本都存放于 /var/lib/mysql/ 目录。

[root@JiekeXu ~]# mysql -uroot -pMySQL8.0
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.0.35 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like '%datadir%';
+---------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value           |
+---------------+-----------------+
| datadir       | /var/lib/mysql/ |
+---------------+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> show variables like '%log_bin%';
+---------------------------------+-----------------------------+
| Variable_name                   | Value                       |
+---------------------------------+-----------------------------+
| log_bin                         | ON                          |
| log_bin_basename                | /var/lib/mysql/binlog       |
| log_bin_index                   | /var/lib/mysql/binlog.index |
| log_bin_trust_function_creators | OFF                         |
| log_bin_use_v1_row_events       | OFF                         |
| sql_log_bin                     | ON                          |
+---------------------------------+-----------------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 8.0.35    |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select @@port;
+--------+
| @@port |
+--------+
|   3306 |
+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

创建一个 root@’%’ 的超级用户，给他所有权限，注意使用密码认证插件 “mysql_native_password” 方可远程登录。

create user root@'%' identified  with 'mysql_native_password' by 'MySQL8.0'; 

grant all  privileges on *.* to root@'%'  with grant option;

MySQL 8.0 OCP 测试题

1）、For which installation method must you create the data directory manually?

a. Binary Archive installation for Linux
b. DEB installation for Linux
c. MySQL Installer for Windows
d. RPM installation for Linux

Answer:a


2）、Choose the best answer.
Where is the default data directory located after installing MySQL using RPM on Oracle Linux 7?

A) /usr
B) /usr/mysql
C) /etc/my.cnf
D) /var/1ib/mysql
E) /usr/bin

Answer: D  /var/lib/mysql

更多题库解析请添加我个人微信获取或 https://www.modb.pro/doc/124799 下载，
非商业用途，一起交流学习，否则追究法律责任后果自负。

参考链接

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/linux-installation-yum-repo.html

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