这几天有点时间,想学点Python基础,今天看到了《learn python the hard way》的 Ex48,这篇文章主要记录一些工具的安装,以及scan 函数的实现。
首先与Ex48相关的章节有前面的Ex46, Ex47,故我们需要先安装一些工具,主要是一些包管理和测试框架的软件:
Install the following Python packages:
实际上对于Linux用户来说安装比较简单,首先安装 sudo apt-get install python-pip,接下去的3个都可以使用pip 来安装,即
pip install distribute/nose/virtualenv
模仿Ex46 的描述,新建工程目录为ex48,进而建立以下目录和文件:
setup.py 如下,一些参数可以设置成自己想要的,如NAME 更改为需要测试的模块名:
try: from setuptools import setup except ImportError: from distutils.core import setup config = { 'description': 'My Project', 'author': 'My Name', 'url': 'URL to get it at.', 'download_url': 'Where to download it.', 'author_email': 'My email.', 'version': '0.1', 'install_requires': ['nose'], 'packages': ['NAME'], 'scripts': [], 'name': 'projectname' } setup(**config)
在ex48 和 tests 目录下各touch新建一个__init__.py 文件。
测试文件 tests/lexicon_tests.py 摘自网站:
from nose.tools import * from ex48 import lexicon def test_directions(): assert_equal(lexicon.scan("north"), [('direction', 'north')]) result = lexicon.scan("north south east") assert_equal(result, [('direction', 'north'), ('direction', 'south'), ('direction', 'east')]) def test_verbs(): assert_equal(lexicon.scan("go"), [('verb', 'go')]) result = lexicon.scan("go kill eat") assert_equal(result, [('verb', 'go'), ('verb', 'kill'), ('verb', 'eat')]) def test_stops(): assert_equal(lexicon.scan("the"), [('stop', 'the')]) result = lexicon.scan("the in of") assert_equal(result, [('stop', 'the'), ('stop', 'in'), ('stop', 'of')]) def test_nouns(): assert_equal(lexicon.scan("bear"), [('noun', 'bear')]) result = lexicon.scan("bear princess") assert_equal(result, [('noun', 'bear'), ('noun', 'princess')]) def test_numbers(): assert_equal(lexicon.scan("1234"), [('number', 1234)]) result = lexicon.scan("3 91234") assert_equal(result, [('number', 3), ('number', 91234)]) def test_errors(): assert_equal(lexicon.scan("ASDFADFASDF"), [('error', 'ASDFADFASDF')]) result = lexicon.scan("bear IAS princess") assert_equal(result, [('noun', 'bear'), ('error', 'IAS'), ('noun', 'princess')])
上面程序中 from ex48 import lexicon 表示从ex48 中 导入lexicon 模块,即现在我们要在ex48 目录下写一个lexicon.py 文件,文件主要是scan 函数的实现,根据网站的提示,自己实现如下:
#!/usr/bin/env python #coding=utf-8 import re def convert_number(s): try: return int(s) except ValueError: return None def scan(input_str): words = input_str.split(' ') pattern = re.compile(r'\d+') direction_list = ['north', 'south', 'west', 'east', 'down', 'up', 'left', 'right', 'back'] verb_list = ['go', 'kill', 'stop', 'eat'] stop_list = ['the', 'in', 'of', 'from', 'at', 'it'] noun_list = ['door', 'bear', 'princess', 'cabinet'] sentence_list = [] for word in words: bool = pattern.match(word) if bool: sentence = ('number', convert_number(word)) sentence_list.append(sentence) elif word in direction_list: sentence = ('direction', word) sentence_list.append(sentence) elif word in verb_list: sentence = ('verb', word) sentence_list.append(sentence) elif word in stop_list: sentence = ('stop', word) sentence_list.append(sentence) elif word in noun_list: sentence = ('noun', word) sentence_list.append(sentence) else: sentence = ('error', word) sentence_list.append(sentence) return sentence_list
程序中使用正则表达式来匹配数字字符串,请google re 模块之。
执行测试命令,即使用lexicon_tests.py 去测试lexicon.py 里面的函数,输出如下:
simba@ubuntu:~/Documents/code/python/projects/ex48$ nosetests ......... Ran 6 tests in 0.007s OK
参考 :http://learnpythonthehardway.org/book/ex48.html
后记:
如果在使用pip or easy_install 时提示url不正确,可以临时修改或者修改配置文件中的index-url为国内镜像点。
下载完成,编译安装过程中如果提示不存在python.h,可以 sudo apt-get install python-dev or yum install python-devel
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