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社区首页 >专栏 >一脸懵逼学习keepalived(对Nginx进行热备)

一脸懵逼学习keepalived(对Nginx进行热备)

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别先生
发布2018-01-02 15:49:21
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发布2018-01-02 15:49:21
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文章被收录于专栏:别先生

1:Keepalived的官方网址:http://www.keepalived.org/

2:Keepalived:可以实现高可靠;

  高可靠的概念:

HA(High Available), 高可用性集群,是保证业务连续性的有效解决方案,一般有两个或两个以上的节点,且分为活动节点及备用节点。

3:高可靠软件:keepalived:

  keepalive是一款可以实现高可靠的软件,通常部署在2台服务器上,分为一主一备。Keepalived可以对本机上的进程进行检测,一旦Master检测出某个进程出现问题,将自己切换成Backup状态,然后通知另外一个节点切换成Master状态。

4:keepalived的安装操作:

   4.1:下载keepalived官网:http://keepalived.org

首先在两台机器上面部署两个Nginx,具体操作见上篇部署一台,另一台的部署过程省略:

将keepalived上传到虚拟机以后进行解压缩操作:

[root@master package]# tar -zxvf keepalived-1.2.19.tar.gz -C /home/hadoop/

解压缩以后进入到解压缩的目录里面:

[root@master package]# cd /home/hadoop/keepalived-1.2.19/

检查安装环境,并指定将来要安装的路径:

[root@master keepalived-1.2.19]# ./configure --prefix=/home/hadoop/keepalived 最后编译和安装:

[root@master keepalived-1.2.19]# make && make install

5:将Keepalived添加到系统服务中:

拷贝执行文件:   [root@master keepalived-1.2.19]# cp /home/hadoop/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/ 将init.d文件拷贝到etc下,加入开机启动项:   [root@master keepalived-1.2.19]# cp /home/hadoop/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/keepalived 将keepalived文件拷贝到etc下:   [root@master keepalived-1.2.19]# cp /home/hadoop/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/ 创建keepalived文件夹:   [root@master hadoop]# mkdir -p /etc/keepalived 将keepalived配置文件拷贝到etc下:   [root@master hadoop]# cp /home/hadoop/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 添加可执行权限:   [root@master hadoop]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/keepalived 添加keepalived到开机启动:   [root@master hadoop]# chkconfig --add keepalived   [root@master hadoop]# chkconfig keepalived on

6:配置keepalived虚拟IP:修改配置文件:

[root@master hadoop]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

这里配置虚拟Ip就开始分keepalived的master节点和keepalived的backup节点:

#master节点 vrrp_instance VI_1 {     state MASTER  #指定A节点为主节点 备用节点上设置为BACKUP即可     interface eth0  #绑定虚拟IP的网络接口     virtual_router_id 51 #VRRP组名,两个节点的设置必须一样,以指明各个节点属于同一VRRP组     priority 100 #主节点的优先级(1-254之间),备用节点必须比主节点优先级低     advert_int 1 #组播信息发送间隔,两个节点设置必须一样     authentication { #设置验证信息,两个节点必须一致         auth_type PASS         auth_pass 1111     }     virtual_ipaddress { #指定虚拟IP, 两个节点设置必须一样,                         #如果两个nginx的ip分别是192.168.199.130,,...131,则此处的虚拟ip跟它俩同一个网段即可    192.168.199.141/24     } }

配置好master节点以后,可以配置BACKUP节点:

vrrp_instance VI_1 {     state BACKUP     interface eth0     virtual_router_id 51     priority 99     advert_int 1     authentication {         auth_type PASS         auth_pass 1111     }     virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.199.141/24     } }

 7:分别启动两台机器上面的keepalived:

给一个虚拟机设置两个ip地址方法: ip addr add 192.168.199.150 dev eth0

 [root@master hadoop]# service keepalived start

最后测试一下:

如果杀掉master上的keepalived 进程,你会发现,在slaver即另外一台配置keepalived的机器上的eth0网卡多了一个ip地址

查看ip地址的命令:ip addr

 这里测试的时候出现问题了,因为我的电脑安装的虚拟机都是同一个,所以第一台机器的ip配置在eth0,而其他的竟然配置在了eth1,而这里需要修改一下,ip所在的位置: 解决方法: 1:编辑/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules,找到与ifconfig -a得出的MAC相同的一行(NAME='eth1'这一行),把它改为"NAME=eth0 ",然后把上面一行(NAME='eth0')删除掉。 vim /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:bb:41:2b", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth0" 2:编辑/etc/sysconfig/network-script/ifcfg-eth0,把MAC改为正确的,把UUID删掉。 3:编辑/etc/sysconf/network,把hostname也改一下。 4:重启生效!

 8:配置keepalived心跳检查:

  原理:

    Keepalived并不跟nginx耦合,它俩完全不是一家人

    但是keepalived提供一个机制:让用户自定义一个shell脚本去检测用户自己的程序,返回状态给keepalived就可以了;

master节点:

 vrrp_instance VI_1 {     state MASTER  #指定A节点为主节点 备用节点上设置为BACKUP即可     interface eth0  #绑定虚拟IP的网络接口     virtual_router_id 51 #VRRP组名,两个节点的设置必须一样,以指明各个节点属于同一VRRP组     priority 100 #主节点的优先级(1-254之间),备用节点必须比主节点优先级低     advert_int 1 #组播信息发送间隔,两个节点设置必须一样     authentication { #设置验证信息,两个节点必须一致         auth_type PASS         auth_pass 1111     }      track_script { #跟踪用户程序脚本         chk_health     }     virtual_ipaddress { #指定虚拟IP, 两个节点设置必须一样,                         #如果两个nginx的ip分别是192.168.199.130,,...131,则此处的虚拟ip跟它俩同一个网段即可         192.168.199.141/24     }     notify_master "/home/hadoop/keepalived/sbin/notify.sh master"     notify_backup "/home/hadoop/keepalived/sbin/notify.sh backup"     notify_fault "/home/hadoop/keepalived/sbin/notify.sh fault" }

添加切换通知脚本:

[root@master keepalived]# vim /home/hadoop/keepalived/sbin/notify.sh

#!/bin/bash case "$1" in     master)         /home/hadoop/nginx/sbin/nginx         exit 0     ;; backup)         /home/hadoop/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop         /home/hadoop/nginx/sbin/nginx         exit 0     ;;     fault)         /home/hadoop/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop         exit 0     ;;     *)         echo 'Usage: notify.sh {master|backup|fault}'         exit 1     ;; esac

添加执行权限:

[root@master keepalived]# chmod +x /home/hadoop/keepalived/sbin/notify.sh

然后配置一下slaver即另一台keepalived:

 global_defs { } vrrp_script chk_health {     script "[[ `ps -ef | grep nginx | grep -v grep | wc -l` -ge 2 ]] && exit 0 || exit 1"     interval 1     weight -2 } vrrp_instance VI_1 {     state BACKUP     interface eth0     virtual_router_id 1     priority 99     advert_int 1     authentication {         auth_type PASS         auth_pass 1111     }     track_script {         chk_health     }     virtual_ipaddress {       192.168.199.141/24     }     notify_master "/home/hadoop/keepalived/sbin/notify.sh master"     notify_backup "/home/hadoop/keepalived/sbin/notify.sh backup"     notify_fault "/home/hadoop/keepalived/sbin/notify.sh fault" }

最后:

在第二台机器上添加notify.sh脚本

#分别在两台机器上启动keepalived

service keepalived start

chkconfig keepalived on

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原始发表:2017-11-12 ,如有侵权请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除

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