[root@node1 ~]# vi hello.yml [root@node1 ~]# cat hello.yml --- - hosts: node2,node3 tasks: - name: "helloworld" shell: echo "Hello World" `date` by `hostname` > /tmp/hello.log
playbook的说明:
[root@node1 ~]# ansible-playbook hello.yml PLAY [node2,node3] ************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** TASK [Gathering Facts] ********************************************************************************************************************************************************************** ok: [node3] ok: [node2] TASK [helloworld] *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** changed: [node3] changed: [node2] PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** node2 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 node3 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
对照执行的结果,基本上已经无需说明。 changed有2个,unreachable和失败的都没有。
[root@node2 ~]# cat /tmp/hello.log Hello World Sun Nov 12 07:50:48 EST 2017 by node2 [root@node2 ~]#
[root@node3 ~]# cat /tmp/hello.log Hello World Sun Nov 12 07:50:48 EST 2017 by node3 [root@node3 ~]#
什么会有setup这个task呢,那是因为default的情况下,facts是会被收集的的,我们可以通过设定参数gather_facts让其不被收集。
[root@node1 ~]# vi hello.yml [root@node1 ~]# cat hello.yml --- - hosts: node2,node3 gather_facts: false tasks: - name: "helloworld" shell: echo "Hello World" `date` by `hostname` > /tmp/hello.log [root@node1 ~]# ansible-playbook hello.yml PLAY [node2,node3] ************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** TASK [helloworld] *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** changed: [node3] changed: [node2] PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** node2 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 node3 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 [root@node1 ~]#
Ansbile还内嵌了七个很有用的变量,使用得当也会带来很大的便利。
ansible的playbook中的变量引用使用{{ }}。 hostvars变量 groups变量 group_names变量 inventory_hostname变量 inventory_hostname_short inventory_dir inventory_file
在vars后设定变量message,并将此message内容输出到log中
gather_facts参数指定了在以下任务部分执行前,是否先执行setup模块获取主机相关信息,这在后面的task会使用到setup获取的信息时用到;
[root@node1 ~]# vi hello.yml [root@node1 ~]# cat hello.yml --- - hosts: node2,node3 vars: - message: "hello,world" gather_facts: false tasks: - name: "helloworld" shell: echo {{message}} `date` by `hostname` > /tmp/hello.log [root@node1 ~]# ansible-playbook hello.yml PLAY [node2,node3] ************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** TASK [helloworld] *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** changed: [node3] changed: [node2] PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** node2 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 node3 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 [root@node1 ~]#
[root@node2 ~]# cat /tmp/hello.log hello,world Sun Nov 12 07:51:48 EST 2017 by node2 [root@node2 ~]#
[root@node3 ~]# cat /tmp/hello.log hello,world Sun Nov 12 07:51:48 EST 2017 by node3 [root@node3 ~]#
[root@node1 ~]# vi java.yml [root@node1 ~]# cat java.yml --- - hosts: node2,node3 gather_facts: false tasks: - name: "java-test" shell: echo ${JAVA_HOME} >/tmp/hello.log [root@node1 ~]# ansible-playbook java.yml PLAY [node2,node3] ************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** TASK [java-test] **************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** changed: [node3] changed: [node2] PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** node2 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 node3 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 [root@node1 ~]#
[root@node2 ~]# cat /tmp/hello.log /opt/jdk1.8.0_112 [root@node2 ~]#
[root@node3 ~]# cat /tmp/hello.log /opt/jdk1.8.0_112 [root@node3 ~]#
Ansible中有众多的模块,可以写playbook,同时里面也可以写条件判断和循环,这样基本上脚本能做的事情ansible大体都可以作了。条件判断使用when,循环使用with_items,接下来看一下如何使用的简单实例。
需要开启facts变量功能, gather_facts: no 或者是false是关闭,gather_facts:yes 或者是true都是开启。
[root@node1 ~]# vi when.yml [root@node1 ~]# cat when.yml --- - hosts: node2,node3 gather_facts: true tasks: - name: "redhat-test" shell: echo "RedHat" `date` by `hostname` >> /tmp/hello.log when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat" - name: "other linux" shell: echo "Not RedHat" `date` by `hostname` >> /tmp/hello.log when: ansible_os_family != "RedHat" [root@node1 ~]#
[root@node1 ~]# ansible-playbook when.yml PLAY [node2,node3] ************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** TASK [Gathering Facts] ********************************************************************************************************************************************************************** ok: [node2] ok: [node3] TASK [redhat-test] ************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** changed: [node3] changed: [node2] TASK [other linux] ************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** skipping: [node2] skipping: [node3] PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** node2 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 node3 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 [root@node1 ~]#
[root@node2 ~]# cat /tmp/hello.log /opt/jdk1.8.0_112 RedHat Sun Nov 12 08:44:00 EST 2017 by node2 [root@node2 ~]#
[root@node3 ~]# cat /tmp/hello.log /opt/jdk1.8.0_112 RedHat Sun Nov 12 08:44:00 EST 2017 by node3 [root@node3 ~]#
[root@node1 ~]# vi with_items.yml [root@node1 ~]# cat with_items.yml - hosts: node2,node3 gather_facts: true tasks: - name: "循环测试" shell: echo {{item}} `date` by `hostname` >> /tmp/hello.log with_items: - message item1 - message item2 - message item3 - message item4 - message item5 [root@node1 ~]# ansible-playbook with_items.yml PLAY [node2,node3] ******************************************************************************************************** TASK [Gathering Facts] **************************************************************************************************** ok: [node2] ok: [node3] TASK [循环测试] *************************************************************************************************************** changed: [node2] => (item=message item1) changed: [node3] => (item=message item1) changed: [node3] => (item=message item2) changed: [node2] => (item=message item2) changed: [node3] => (item=message item3) changed: [node2] => (item=message item3) changed: [node2] => (item=message item4) changed: [node3] => (item=message item4) changed: [node2] => (item=message item5) changed: [node3] => (item=message item5) PLAY RECAP **************************************************************************************************************** node2 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 node3 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 [root@node1 ~]#
[root@node2 ~]# cat /tmp/hello.log message item1 Sun Nov 12 08:54:50 EST 2017 by node2 message item2 Sun Nov 12 08:54:51 EST 2017 by node2 message item3 Sun Nov 12 08:54:51 EST 2017 by node2 message item4 Sun Nov 12 08:54:51 EST 2017 by node2 message item5 Sun Nov 12 08:54:52 EST 2017 by node2 [root@node2 ~]#
[root@node3 ~]# cat /tmp/hello.log message item1 Sun Nov 12 08:54:50 EST 2017 by node3 message item2 Sun Nov 12 08:54:51 EST 2017 by node3 message item3 Sun Nov 12 08:54:51 EST 2017 by node3 message item4 Sun Nov 12 08:54:52 EST 2017 by node3 message item5 Sun Nov 12 08:54:52 EST 2017 by node3 [root@node3 ~]#
yum模块: 目的:在指定节点上安装 apache 服务 命令:ansible all -m yum -a “state=present name=httpd” state=latest=>>安装最新版本 service模块: 目的:启动指定节点上的 httpd 服务,并让其开机自启动 命令:ansible 10.1.1.113 -m service -a ‘name=httpd state=restarted enabled=yes’
[root@node1 ~]# vi apache.yml [root@node1 ~]# cat apache.yml --- - hosts: node2 remote_user: root gather_facts: true tasks: - name: "install apache on CentOS" yum: name=httpd state=present when: ansible_os_family =="RedHat" - name: "install apache on Debian" yum: name=apache2 state=present when: ansible_os_family =="Debian" - name: "启动Apache,并设置开机启动" service: name=httpd state=started enabled=yes [root@node1 ~]# ansible-playbook apache.yml PLAY [node2] ******************************************************************************************************************** TASK [Gathering Facts] ********************************************************************************************************** ok: [node2] TASK [install apache on CentOS] ************************************************************************************************* ok: [node2] TASK [install apache on Debian] ************************************************************************************************* skipping: [node2] TASK [启动Apache,并设置开机启动] ********************************************************************************************************* changed: [node2] PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************************************** node2 : ok=3 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 [root@node1 ~]#
[root@node2 ~]# systemctl status httpd ● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Mon 2017-11-13 08:40:59 EST; 1s ago Docs: man:httpd(8) man:apachectl(8) Process: 2908 ExecStop=/bin/kill -WINCH ${MAINPID} (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 2913 (httpd) Status: "Processing requests..." CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service ├─2913 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND ├─2914 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND ├─2915 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND ├─2916 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND ├─2917 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND └─2918 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND Nov 13 08:40:59 node2 systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server... Nov 13 08:40:59 node2 httpd[2913]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain nam...message Nov 13 08:40:59 node2 systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server. Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full. [root@node2 ~]#
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