这个双12,别人都在抢红包、逛淘宝、上京东,我选择再续我的“漫谈可视化”系列(好了,不装了,其实是郎中羞涩。。。)
上篇《漫谈可视化Prefuse(三)---Prefuse API数据结构阅读有感》主要介绍了可视化工具Prefuse API中主要解读的是prefuse.data包中的主要接口,并利用《漫谈可视化Prefuse(一)---从SQL Server数据库读取数据》中例子,将参数配置模块剥离出来,实现界面传值,绘制图形。
本篇决定不再贴API,实在没啥意思,还占篇幅(但是不容置疑的是API确实很重要,想了解API点这里)。那今天我们主要讲讲Prefuse比较常用的包以及如何使用这些包做出自己想要的展示效果:
Demo1.解决图形元素形状单一化问题——DataShapeAction的使用
Prefuse对于节点的形状默认是使用Constants.SHAPE_RECTANGLE,这里使用DataShapeAction类完成一个图形中根据性别不同展示不同的节点形状,具体代码如下:
1 public class Demo1 {
2
3 /**
4 * @param args
5 */
6 public static void main(String[] args) {
7
8 Graph graph = null;
9 try {
10 graph = new GraphMLReader().readGraph("socialnet.xml");
11 } catch (Exception e) {
12 e.printStackTrace();
13 System.out.println("Error loading");
14 System.exit(1);
15 }
16
17 Visualization vis = new Visualization();
18 vis.add("graph", graph);
19 vis.setRendererFactory(new DefaultRendererFactory());
20
21 int[] palette = new int[]{ColorLib.rgb(255, 180, 180),ColorLib.rgb(190, 190, 255)};
22 DataColorAction fill = new DataColorAction("graph.nodes" , "gender" , Constants.NOMINAL, VisualItem.FILLCOLOR,palette);
23 ColorAction text = new ColorAction("graph.nodes", VisualItem.TEXTCOLOR, ColorLib.gray(0));
24 ColorAction edges = new ColorAction("graph.edges", VisualItem.STROKECOLOR, ColorLib.gray(200));
25
26 int[] shapes = new int[]{ Constants.SHAPE_RECTANGLE, Constants.SHAPE_DIAMOND};
27 DataShapeAction shape = new DataShapeAction("graph.nodes", "gender", shapes);
28
29 ActionList color = new ActionList();
30 color.add(fill);
31 color.add(text);
32 color.add(edges);
33 color.add(shape);
34
35 ActionList layout = new ActionList(Activity.INFINITY);
36 layout.add(new ForceDirectedLayout("graph"));
37 layout.add(new RepaintAction());
38
39 vis.putAction("color", color);
40 vis.putAction("layout", layout);
41
42 Display display = new Display(vis);
43 display.setSize(750, 700);
44 display.pan(250, 250);
45 display.addControlListener(new DragControl());
46 display.addControlListener(new PanControl());
47 display.addControlListener(new ZoomControl());
48 display.addControlListener(new WheelZoomControl());
49 display.addControlListener(new FocusControl(1));
50 display.addControlListener(new ZoomToFitControl());
51
52 JFrame jf = new JFrame();
53 jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
54 jf.add(display);
55 jf.pack();
56 jf.setVisible(true);
57
58 vis.run("color");
59 vis.run("layout");
60
61 }
62
63 }
DataShapeAction中的第一个参数为指定数据范围,这里指定针对“graph.nodes”点集;第二个参数为属性域,这里针对性别不同赋予不同的形状;第三个参数是形状数组,这里定义了Constants.SHAPE_RECTANGLE, Constants.SHAPE_DIAMOND,除此之外还有Constants.SHAPE_CROSS、Constants.SHAPE_ELLIPSE、Constants.SHAPE_STAR等。同理prefuse.action.assignment包下的DataColorAction用法与DataShapeAction类似。图形展示效果如下:
Demo2:打破输入输出流的垄断亲自绘制图形——Graph的使用
之前几篇介绍的例子主要依赖于prefuse.io中的读入写出操作类进行数据的导入,这里我们决定甩开膀子,自己丰衣足食,打造自己的图形,这里主要使用Graph类的添加节点以及添加边的方法,构建一个互连的三个三角形的形状。具体代码如下:
1 public class Demo2{
2
3 public static void main(String[] argv) {
4 Visualization vis = new Visualization();
5 Graph g = new Graph();
6 for(int i = 0; i<3; i++){
7 Node n1 = g.addNode();
8 Node n2 = g.addNode();
9 Node n3 = g.addNode();
10 g.addEdge(n1, n2);
11 g.addEdge(n2, n3);
12 g.addEdge(n3, n1);
13 }
14 g.addEdge(0, 3);
15 g.addEdge(3, 6);
16 g.addEdge(6, 0);
17
18 vis.add("graph", g);
19 ShapeRenderer renderer = new ShapeRenderer(10);
20 vis.setRendererFactory(new DefaultRendererFactory(renderer));
21
22 ColorAction nodeFill = new ColorAction("graph.nodes", VisualItem.FILLCOLOR, ColorLib.rgb(10, 150, 220));
23 ColorAction edgesStroke = new ColorAction("graph.edges", VisualItem.STROKECOLOR, ColorLib.rgb(100, 80, 180));
24 ColorAction nodeHighlight = new ColorAction("graph.nodes", VisualItem.HIGHLIGHT, ColorLib.rgb(10, 150, 220));
25
26 ActionList color = new ActionList();
27 color.add(nodeFill);
28 color.add(edgesStroke);
29
30 ActionList layout = new ActionList(Activity.INFINITY);
31 layout.add(color);
32 layout.add(new ForceDirectedLayout("graph"));
33 layout.add(new RepaintAction());
34
35 Display display = new Display(vis);
36 display.setSize(400, 500);
37 display.pan(250, 250);
38 display.addControlListener(new DragControl());
39 display.addControlListener(new PanControl());
40 display.addControlListener(new ZoomControl());
41 display.addControlListener(new WheelZoomControl());
42 display.addControlListener(new FocusControl(1));
43 display.addControlListener(new ZoomToFitControl());
44
45 vis.putAction("color", color);
46 vis.putAction("layout", layout);
47
48
49 JFrame frame = new JFrame();
50 frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
51 frame.pack();
52 frame.setSize(600, 700);
53 frame.add(display);
54 frame.setVisible(true);
55
56 vis.run("color");
57 vis.run("layout");
58 }
59
60 }
从代码可以看出,对于创建节点、添加边,Graph处理的游刃有余,只有你想不到的图形,没有创建不了的Graph。当然只是简单创建了node和edge只是有了骨架,还需要血肉的填充,所以可以看到有很多的Action纷纷来助阵,最终的众志成城之作如下:
Demo3:谁说点点之间只能“直肠子”——EdgeRenderer的使用
看不惯点与点之间的“直肠子”?可以,Prefuse了解你,知道你喜新厌旧,这不使用EdgeRenderer就可以实现曲线连接,具体代码与Demo1相近,只是多了一下几行代码:
1 DefaultRendererFactory rf = new DefaultRendererFactory(label);
2 EdgeRenderer edgeRenderer = new EdgeRenderer(Constants.EDGE_TYPE_CURVE);
3 rf.add(new InGroupPredicate("graph.edges"), edgeRenderer);
这里采用EdgeRenderer边渲染器,将边渲染为曲线,并统一应用到组“graph.edges”中的元素上,除了Constants.EDGE_TYPE_CURVE,还有Constants.EDGE_ARROW_FORWARD、Constants.EDGE_ARROW_NONE等。话不多说,看效果:
Demo4:Prefuse没节操?不知道筛选?No!——Predicate的使用
Prefuse自带过滤器,可以完成十分强大的过滤操作,视个别情况个别对待。拿Demo2中的图形来说,处在中间的节点可以不收节点控制(无法拖拽,不能交互),人家兄弟姐妹多,就拿那些势力若的边缘小弟拖过来拽过去^_^。具体代码如下:
1 public class Demo4{
2
3 public static void main(String[] argv) {
4 Visualization vis = new Visualization();
5 Graph g = new Graph();
6 for(int i = 0; i<3; i++){
7 Node n1 = g.addNode();
8 Node n2 = g.addNode();
9 Node n3 = g.addNode();
10 g.addEdge(n1, n2);
11 g.addEdge(n2, n3);
12 g.addEdge(n3, n1);
13 }
14 g.addEdge(0, 3);
15 g.addEdge(3, 6);
16 g.addEdge(6, 0);
17 vis.add("graph", g);
18
19 ShapeRenderer renderer = new ShapeRenderer(10);
20 EdgeRenderer edgeRenderer = new EdgeRenderer(Constants.EDGE_TYPE_CURVE);
21 DefaultRendererFactory drf = new DefaultRendererFactory();
22 drf.add(new InGroupPredicate("graph.edges"), edgeRenderer);
23 vis.setRendererFactory(drf);
24
25 ColorAction nodeFill = new ColorAction("graph.nodes", VisualItem.FILLCOLOR, ColorLib.rgb(10, 150, 220));
26 ColorAction edgesStroke = new ColorAction("graph.edges", VisualItem.STROKECOLOR, ColorLib.rgb(100, 80, 180));
27 ColorAction nodeHighlight = new ColorAction("graph.nodes", VisualItem.HIGHLIGHT, ColorLib.rgb(10, 150, 220));
28
29 ShapeAction shape = new ShapeAction("graph.nodes",Constants.SHAPE_CROSS); //设置节点形状
30
31 ActionList color = new ActionList();
32 color.add(nodeFill);
33 color.add(edgesStroke);
34 color.add(shape);
35
36 ActionList layout = new ActionList(Activity.INFINITY);
37 layout.add(color);
38 layout.add(new ForceDirectedLayout("graph"));
39 layout.add(new RepaintAction());
40
41 Point p = new Point(100,200);
42 p.move(300, 400);
43
44
45 Predicate pCount =(Predicate)ExpressionParser.parse("degree()>2");
46
47 Display display = new Display(vis);
48 display.setSize(400, 500);
49 display.pan(250, 250);
50 display.animatePanAbs(230, 220, 2000);
51 display.addControlListener(new DragControl());
52 display.addControlListener(new PanControl());
53 display.addControlListener(new ZoomControl());
54 display.addControlListener(new WheelZoomControl());
55 display.addControlListener(new FocusControl(1));
56 display.addControlListener(new ZoomToFitControl());
57
58 vis.removeGroup("graph");
59 VisualGraph vg = vis.addGraph("graph", g);
60 Iterator nodes = vg.nodes();
61 display.addControlListener(new ControlAdapter() {
62 public void itemEntered(VisualItem item, MouseEvent e) {
63 System.out.println("伦家已经是:" + item.getGroup()+"的人了");
64 }
65 public void itemExited(VisualItem item, MouseEvent e) {
66 System.out.println("哦,那杰哥再找找-_-");
67 }
68 });//为组件添加监控并作相应的响应
69
70 vis.setInteractive("graph.nodes", pCount, false);
71
72 vis.putAction("color", color);
73 vis.putAction("layout", layout);
74
75
76 JFrame frame = new JFrame();
77 frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
78 frame.pack();
79 frame.setSize(600, 700);
80 frame.add(display);
81 frame.setVisible(true);
82
83 vis.run("color");
84 vis.run("layout");
85 }
86
87 }
这里Predicate pCount =(Predicate)ExpressionParser.parse("degree()>2")表示过滤出节点度数大于2的,该过滤条件在vis.setInteractive("graph.nodes", pCount, false)中执行,即在组“graph.nodes”元素中节点度数大于2的不能交互(即鼠标拖拽无效)。
另外从代码中可以看出当鼠标经过和离开VisualItem(点或边)时会执行相应的操作,下图展现了部分结果:
Demo5:个性化定制,我有我个性——VisualItem的领悟
要知道,在数据中心Visualizaiton里,每一个node或是edge都可以看成一个VisualItem,每个VisualItem都可以有属于自己的造型、尺寸,这里我们还是用Demo2中的图形继续玩,直到玩坏为止。具体代码如下:
1 public class Demo5{
2 public static Visualization vis = new Visualization();
3
4 public static void main(String[] argv) {
5
6 Graph g = new Graph();
7 for(int i = 0; i<3; i++){
8 Node n1 = g.addNode();
9 Node n2 = g.addNode();
10 Node n3 = g.addNode();
11 g.addEdge(n1, n2);
12 g.addEdge(n2, n3);
13 g.addEdge(n3, n1);
14 }
15 g.addEdge(0, 3);
16 g.addEdge(3, 6);
17 g.addEdge(6, 0);
18
19 vis.add("graph", g);
20 ShapeRenderer renderer = new ShapeRenderer(10);
21 vis.setRendererFactory(new DefaultRendererFactory(renderer));
22
23 vis.removeGroup("graph");
24 VisualGraph vg = vis.addGraph("graph", g);
25 VisualItem nodeI = (VisualItem)vg.getEdge(7).getSourceNode();
26 nodeI.setShape(Constants.SHAPE_STAR);
27 nodeI.setSize(4);
28 nodeI.setFixed(true);
29 VisualItem edgeI = (VisualItem)vg.getEdge(5);
30 edgeI.setSize(8);
31
32 ColorAction nodeFill = new ColorAction("graph.nodes", VisualItem.FILLCOLOR, ColorLib.rgb(10, 150, 220));
33 ColorAction edgesStroke = new ColorAction("graph.edges", VisualItem.STROKECOLOR, ColorLib.rgb(100, 80, 180));
34 ColorAction nodeHighlight = new ColorAction("graph.nodes", VisualItem.HIGHLIGHT, ColorLib.rgb(10, 150, 220));
35
36 ActionList color = new ActionList();
37 color.add(nodeFill);
38 color.add(edgesStroke);
39
40 ActionList layout = new ActionList(3000);
41 layout.add(color);
42 layout.add(new ForceDirectedLayout("graph"));
43 layout.add(new RepaintAction());
44
45 Display display = new Display(vis);
46 display.setSize(400, 500);
47 display.pan(250, 250);
48 display.addControlListener(new DragControl());
49 display.addControlListener(new PanControl());
50 display.addControlListener(new ZoomControl());
51 display.addControlListener(new WheelZoomControl());
52 display.addControlListener(new FocusControl(1));
53 display.addControlListener(new ZoomToFitControl());
54 display.addControlListener(new ControlAdapter(){
55 public void itemEntered(VisualItem item, MouseEvent e) {
56
57 System.out.println("伦家已经是:" + item.getGroup()+"的人了");
58 vis.run("color");
59 vis.run("layout");//重绘三秒
60 }
61 });
62
63 vis.putAction("color", color);
64 vis.putAction("layout", layout);
65
66
67 JFrame frame = new JFrame();
68 frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
69 frame.pack();
70 frame.setSize(600, 700);
71 frame.add(display);
72 frame.setVisible(true);
73
74 vis.run("color");
75 vis.run("layout");
76 }
77
78 }
可以看出代码中nodeI.setShape(Constants.SHAPE_STAR);nodeI.setSize(4);nodeI.setFixed(true);是将节点的形状设为星形,大小放大为4并固定此节点;edgeI.setSize(8);将边的粗细设为8。这里还具有一个功能,就是代码跑起来显示图形运行三秒,当鼠标经过某点或边是,整个图形在运行三秒,为展示这种效果,首次使用ps做gif,想想也是醉了。。。
Prefuse就先玩到这吧,真材实料送上5个Demo,虽然抢不到红包,抢点Demo补补脑也不错哦,走到这里,似乎我已经拉近了与Prefuse的距离,下一步就是力求亲密接触,碰撞出可视化狂拽炫酷的展示效果。觉得有用,记得点赞哦。