后面三个已经废弃,以上执行shell命令的相关的模块和函数的功能均在subprocess模块中实现,并提供了更加丰富的功能
执行命令,返回状态码。
import subprocess
ret1 = subprocess.call(["ls","-l"],shell=False)
print ret1
ret2 = subprocess.call("ls -l",shell=True)
print ret2
shell = True ,允许shell命令是字符串形式(是使用系统自带的shell)
高级的文件、文件夹、压缩包处理模块
shutil.copyfileobj(fsrc,fdst,length)将文件内容拷贝到另一个文件中,length是每次读取多少拷贝
import shutil
s = open('test1.py')
d = open('test7.py','wb')
#d.write(s.read())
shutil.copyfileobj(s,d)
shutil.copyfile(src,dst)拷贝文件
import shutil
shutil.copyfile('test1.py','test7.py')
尽拷贝权限,内容组用户均不变
shutil.copymode(src, dst)
创建压缩包并返回文件路径
shutil.make_archive(base_name,format….)
实例
import shutil
# 将/user/local/ftp下面的文件www打包放置在当前程序目录
ret = shutil.make_archive("www",'tar',root_dir='/user/local/ftp')
# 将/user/local/ftp下面的文件www打包放置在/user/local目录
ret2 = shutil.make_archive("/user/loca/www",'tar',root_dir='/user/local/ftp')
shutil对压缩包的处理是调用ZipFile和TarFile两个模块来进行的
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | import zipfile # 压缩 z = zipfile.ZipFile('ll.zip','w') z.write('test1.py') z.write('test2.py') z.close() # 解压 j = zipfile.ZipFile('ll.zip','r') j.extractall() j.close() |
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | import tarfile # 压缩 tar = tarfile.open('y.tar','w') tar.add('/usr/local/1.zip',arcname='1.zip') tar.add('/usr/local/2.zip',arcname='2.zip') tar.close() # 解压 tar = tarfile.open('y.tar','r') tar.extractall() tar.close() |
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ConfigParser
用于对特定的配置进行操作,当前模块的名称在python3.x版本中变更为configparser
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 | #!/usr/bin/env python # coding:utf-8 # 用于对特定的配置进行操作,当前模块的名称在 python 3.x 版本中变更为 configparser。 import ConfigParser config = ConfigParser.ConfigParser() config.read('goods.txt') ##########读操作###### # 获取模块的名称 secs = config.sections() print secs # 结果:['section1', 'section2'] # 获取指定模块的key值 options = config.options('section1') print options # 结果:['k1', 'k2'] # 获取指定模块下的items item_list = config.items('section1') print item_list # 结果:[('k1', 'v1'), ('k2', 'v2')] # 获取指定模块下的key的值 val = config.get('section1','k2') print val #########写操作############ # 删除一个section模块 sec =config.remove_section('car') config.write(open('i.txt','w')) # 添加section模块。查看一个section是否存在;不存在则添加 sec = config.has_section('car1') print sec # False:表示不存在 sec = config.add_section('car1') sec = config.has_section('car1') print sec # True: 表示不存在 config.write(open('i.txt','w')) # 添加seection下面的key-value config.set('car','k1',111111111) config.write(open('1.txt',"w")) # 删除section下面的key值为baoma config.remove_option('car','baoma') config.write(open('1.txt',"w")) |
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logging
用于便捷记录日志且线程安全的模块
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 | #!/usr/bin/env python # coding:utf-8 import logging logging.basicConfig(filename='1.log', format='%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(module)s - %(message)s', datefmt='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %p', # level=logging.CRITICAL, level=40, ) logging.debug('debugdebugdebugdebugdebug') logging.info('infoinfoinfoinfoinfoinfoinfo') logging.warning('warningwarningwarningwarning') logging.error('errorerrorerrorerrorerrorerror') logging.critical('criticalcriticalcriticalcritical') logging.log(50,'asdfghjkl') |
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解读:
1:filename创建日志文件,然后以追加的方式接收
2:format格式:时间-用户-日志级别-哪个模块的日志-日志信息
3:时间格式:2015-12-09 11:00:28 AM
4:日志级别:可以使用数字,也可以直接指定
日志级别对应表:
CRITICAL = 50
ERROR = 40
WARNING = 30
INFO = 20
DEBUG = 10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 | #!/usr/bin/env python # coding:utf-8 import logging logging.basicConfig(filename='1.log', format='%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(module)s - %(message)s', datefmt='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %p', # level=logging.CRITICAL, level=logging.DEBUG, ) while True: option = raw_input("请输入数字") if option.isdigit(): print "是数字",option logging.info('孩子输入的是数字') else: logging.error('孩子,你是不是傻') |
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结果:
2015-12-09 13:23:39 PM - root - ERROR - test8 - 孩子,你是不是傻 2015-12-09 13:24:30 PM - root - ERROR - test8 - 孩子,你是不是傻 2015-12-09 13:24:31 PM - root - INFO - test8 - 孩子输入的是数字 2015-12-09 13:24:42 PM - root - INFO - test8 - 孩子输入的是数字
time datetime
时间相关的操作
时间有三种表示方式:
#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding:utf-8
import time
import datetime
print time.time()
# 1449631804.64
print time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H-%M-%S %p')
# 默认是当前时间2015-12-09 11-04-30 AM
print time.localtime()
# time.struct_time(tm_year=2015, tm_mon=12, tm_mday=9, tm_hour=11, tm_min=31, tm_sec=55, tm_wday=2, tm_yday=343, tm_isdst=0)
print time.strptime('2014-11-11','%Y-%m-%d')
# 将格式化时间转成结构化时间
# 日期到时间戳的转化
t = datetime.datetime(2015,11,14,14,14)
print type('t') # <type 'str'>
ti = time.mktime(t.timetuple())
print ti # 1447481640.0
# 时间戳到日期的转化
tt = time.localtime()
print tt
timestr = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
print timestr
# 2015-12-09 13:53:23
re模块是用于python的正则表达式的操作
字符:
1:match(pattern,string,flahs=0)
从起始位置开始根据模型去字符串中匹配指定内容,匹配单个
import re
obj = re.match('\d+','213dsfa32134')
print obj # <_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x0201EA30>
print obj.group() # 213
2:search(pattern,string,flahs=0)
根据模版去字符串中匹配指定内容,匹配单个
import re
obj = re.search('\d+','213dsfa32134')
print obj # <_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x0201EA30>
print obj.group() # 213
3:group和groups
返回一个或多个子组。如果参数为一个,就返回一个子串;如果参数有多个,就返回多个子串组成的元组
import re
a = "4321fdsa4132"
print re.search("([0-9]*)([a-z]*)([0-9]*)",a).group()
print re.search("([0-9]*)([a-z]*)([0-9]*)",a).group(0)
print re.search("([0-9]*)([a-z]*)([0-9]*)",a).group(1)
print re.search("([0-9]*)([a-z]*)([0-9]*)",a).group(2)
print re.search("([0-9]*)([a-z]*)([0-9]*)",a).group(3)
print re.search("([0-9]*)([a-z]*)([0-9]*)",a).groups()
结果:
4321fdsa4132
4321fdsa4132
4321
fdsa
4132
('4321', 'fdsa', '4132')
4:findall(pattern,string,flahs=0)
match和search只能匹配字符串中的一个,如果想要匹配到字符串中所有符合条件的元素,则需要使用findall
import re
a = "4321fd2sa4132"
print re.findall("\d+",a)
结果:
['4321', '2', '4132']
5:sub(pattern,repl,string,count=0,flag=0)用于替换匹配的字符串
import re
c = "32gbj4321hbj45321"
new_c = re.sub('\d+','+++',c)
print new_c
结果:+++gbj+++hbj+++
6:split(pattern,string,maxsplit=0,flags=0)
根据指定匹配进行分组
import re
content = "'1 - 2 * ((60-30+1*(9-2*5/3+7/3*99/4*2998+10*568/14))-(-4*3)/(16-3*2) )'"
new_content = re.split('\*',content)
print new_content
# ["'1 - 2 ", ' ((60-30+1', '(9-2', '5/3+7/3', '99/4', '2998+10', '568/14))-(-4', '3)/(16-3', "2) )'"]
new_content1= re.split('[\+\-\*\/]+',content)
print new_content1
# ["'1 ", ' 2 ', ' ((60', '30', '1', '(9', '2', '5', '3', '7', '3', '99', '4', '2998', '10', '568', '14))', '(', '4', '3)', '(16', '3', "2) )'"]
a = "'1 - 2 * ((60-30+1*(9-2*5/3+7/3*99/4*2998+10*568/14))-(-4*3)/(16-3*2) )'"
new_a = re.sub('\s*','',a)
print new_a
# '1-2*((60-30+1*(9-2*5/3+7/3*99/4*2998+10*568/14))-(-4*3)/(16-3*2))'
new_1 = re.split('\(([\+\-\*\/]?\d+[\+\-\*\/]?\d+)\)',new_a,1)
print new_1
# ["'1-2*((60-30+1*(9-2*5/3+7/3*99/4*2998+10*568/14))-", '-4*3', "/(16-3*2))'"]
random
随机数
它会自动生成四位数字字母组合的字符串
import random
checkcode = ''
for i in range(4):
current = random.randrange(0,4)
if current != i:
temp = chr(random.randint(65,90))
else:
temp = random.randint(0,9)
checkcode += str(temp)
print checkcode
1 |
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