proxy_pass反向代理配置中url后面加不加/的说明

洗尽了浮华

发布于 2018-01-23 14:48:10

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发布于 2018-01-23 14:48:10

在日常的web网站部署中，经常会用到nginx的proxy_pass反向代理，有一个配置需要弄清楚：配置proxy_pass时，当在后面的url加上了/，相当于是绝对根路径，则nginx不会把location中匹配的路径部分代理走;如果没有/，则会把匹配的路径部分也给代理走（这样配置在Nginx反向代理+负载均衡简单实现（http方式）也提到过）。下面举个小实例说明下： centos7系统库中默认是没有nginx的rpm包的，所以我们自己需要先更新下rpm依赖库

1）使用yum安装nginx需要包括Nginx的库，安装Nginx的库
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -Uvh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm
 
2）使用下面命令安装nginx
[root@localhost ~]# yum install nginx
 
3）nginx配置
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
}

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat /var/www/html/index.html 
this is page of test!!!!
 
4）启动Nginx
[root@localhost ~]# service nginx start     //或者使用 systemctl start nginx.service
 
5）测试访问（103.110.186.23是192.168.1.23机器的外网ip）
[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23
this is page of test!!!!

--------------------------看看下面几种情况：分别用http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html进行访问测试-----------------

为了方便测试，先在另一台机器192.168.1.5上部署一个8090端口的nginx，配置如下：

[root@bastion-IDC ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/haha.conf 
server {
listen 8090;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
}
[root@bastion-IDC ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.html 
this is 192.168.1.5
[root@bastion-IDC ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

测试访问（103.110.186.5是192.168.1.5的外网ip）：
[root@bastion-IDC ~]# curl http://192.168.1.5:8090
this is 192.168.1.5

192.168.1.23作为nginx反向代理机器，nginx配置如下： 1）第一种情况：

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf 
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}

location  /proxy/ {
          proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/;
}
}

这样，访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy/就会被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/。p匹配的proxy目录不需要存在根目录/var/www/html里面注意，终端里如果访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy（即后面不带"/"），则会访问失败！因为proxy_pass配置的url后面加了"/"

[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/
this is 192.168.1.5
[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy
<html>
<head><title>301 Moved Permanently</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center><h1>301 Moved Permanently</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.10.3</center>
</body>
</html>

页面访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy的时候，会自动加上"/”（同理是由于proxy_pass配置的url后面加了"/"），并反代到http://103.110.186.5:8090的结果

2）第二种情况，proxy_pass配置的url后面不加"/"

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}

location  /proxy/ {
          proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart  nginx.service

那么访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy或http://192.168.1.23/proxy/，都会失败！
这样配置后，访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy/就会被反向代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/proxy/

3）第三种情况

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}

location  /proxy/ {
          proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart  nginx.service
[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/
192.168.1.5  haha-index.html

这样配置的话，访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/

4）第四种情况：相对于第三种配置的url不加"/"

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf 
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}

location  /proxy/ {
          proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart  nginx.service
[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html
192.168.1.5   hahaindex.html

上面配置后，访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html就会被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/hahaindex.html
同理，访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy/test.html就会被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/hahatest.html
[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html
192.168.1.5   hahaindex.html

注意，这种情况下，不能直接访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy/，后面就算是默认的index.html文件也要跟上，否则访问失败！

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 上面四种方式都是匹配的path路径后面加"/"，下面说下path路径后面不带"/"的情况：

1）第一种情况，proxy_pass后面url带"/"：

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf 
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
 
location  /proxy {
          proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart  nginx.service

2）第二种情况，proxy_pass后面url不带"/"

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf 
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
 
location  /proxy {
          proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart  nginx.service
[root@localhost conf.d]#

这样配置的话，访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy会自动加上"/”（即变成http://103.110.186.23/proxy/），代理到192.168.1.5:8090/proxy/

3）第三种情况

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
 
location  /proxy {
          proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart  nginx.service

这样配置的话，访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy会自动加上"/”（即变成http://103.110.186.23/proxy/），代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/

4）第四种情况：相对于第三种配置的url不加"/"

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
 
location  /proxy {
          proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart  nginx.service

这样配置的话，访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy，和第三种结果一样，同样被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/