跟着实例学习ZooKeeper的用法：队列

用户1263954

发布于 2018-01-30 17:04:49

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发布于 2018-01-30 17:04:49

使用Curator也可以简化Ephemeral Node (临时节点)的操作。Curator也提供ZK Recipe的分布式队列实现。利用ZK的 PERSISTENTSEQUENTIAL节点，可以保证放入到队列中的项目是按照顺序排队的。如果单一的消费者从队列中取数据，那么它是先入先出的，这也是队列的特点。如果你严格要求顺序，你就的使用单一的消费者，可以使用leader选举只让leader作为唯一的消费者。

但是，根据Netflix的Curator作者所说， ZooKeeper真心不适合做Queue，或者说ZK没有实现一个好的Queue，详细内容可以看 Tech Note 4，原因有五：

ZK有1MB 的传输限制。实践中ZNode必须相对较小，而队列包含成千上万的消息，非常的大。
如果有很多节点，ZK启动时相当的慢。而使用queue会导致好多ZNode. 你需要显著增大 initLimit 和 syncLimit.
ZNode很大的时候很难清理。Netflix不得不创建了一个专门的程序做这事。
当很大量的包含成千上万的子节点的ZNode时， ZK的性能变得不好
ZK的数据库完全放在内存中。大量的Queue意味着会占用很多的内存空间。

尽管如此， Curator还是创建了各种Queue的实现。如果Queue的数据量不太多，数据量不太大的情况下，酌情考虑，还是可以使用的。

DistributedQueue

DistributedQueue是最普通的一种队列。它设计以下四个类：

QueueBuilder
QueueConsumer
QueueSerializer
DistributedQueue

创建队列使用QueueBuilder,它也是其它队列的创建类。

public static <T> QueueBuilder<T> builder(CuratorFramework client,
                                          QueueConsumer<T> consumer,
                                          QueueSerializer<T> serializer,
                                          java.lang.String queuePath)

QueueBuilder<MessageType>    builder = QueueBuilder.builder(client, consumer, serializer, path);
... more builder method calls as needed ...
DistributedQueue<MessageType queue = builder.build();    `

创建好queue就可以往里面放入数据了：

queue.put(aMessage);

QueueSerializer提供了对队列中的对象的序列化和反序列化。

QueueConsumer是消费者，它可以接收队列的数据。处理队列中的数据的代码逻辑可以放在QueueConsumer.consumeMessage()中。

正常情况下先将消息从队列中移除，再交给消费者消费。但这是两个步骤，不是原子的。可以调用Builder的lockPath()消费者加锁，当消费者消费数据时持有锁，这样其它消费者不能消费此消息。如果消费失败或者进程死掉，消息可以交给其它进程。这会带来一点性能的损失。最好还是单消费者模式使用队列。

例子：

package com.colobu.zkrecipe.queue;import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFramework;import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFrameworkFactory;import org.apache.curator.framework.api.CuratorEvent;import org.apache.curator.framework.api.CuratorListener;import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.queue.DistributedQueue;import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.queue.QueueBuilder;import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.queue.QueueConsumer;import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.queue.QueueSerializer;import org.apache.curator.framework.state.ConnectionState;import org.apache.curator.retry.ExponentialBackoffRetry;import org.apache.curator.test.TestingServer;import org.apache.curator.utils.CloseableUtils;public class DistributedQueueExample {    private static final String PATH = "/example/queue";    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        TestingServer server = new TestingServer();
        CuratorFramework client = null;
        DistributedQueue<String> queue = null;        try {
            client = CuratorFrameworkFactory.newClient(server.getConnectString(), new ExponentialBackoffRetry(1000, 3));
            client.getCuratorListenable().addListener(new CuratorListener() {                @Override
                public void eventReceived(CuratorFramework client, CuratorEvent event) throws Exception {
                    System.out.println("CuratorEvent: " + event.getType().name());
                }
            });

            client.start();
            QueueConsumer<String> consumer = createQueueConsumer();
            QueueBuilder<String> builder = QueueBuilder.builder(client, consumer, createQueueSerializer(), PATH);
            queue = builder.buildQueue();
            queue.start();            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                queue.put(" test-" + i);
                Thread.sleep((long)(3 * Math.random()));
            }

            Thread.sleep(20000);

        } catch (Exception ex) {

        } finally {
            CloseableUtils.closeQuietly(queue);
            CloseableUtils.closeQuietly(client);
            CloseableUtils.closeQuietly(server);
        }
    }    private static QueueSerializer<String> createQueueSerializer() {        return new QueueSerializer<String>(){            @Override
            public byte[] serialize(String item) {                return item.getBytes();
            }            @Override
            public String deserialize(byte[] bytes) {                return new String(bytes);
            }

        };
    }    private static QueueConsumer<String> createQueueConsumer() {        return new QueueConsumer<String>(){            @Override
            public void stateChanged(CuratorFramework client, ConnectionState newState) {
                System.out.println("connection new state: " + newState.name());
            }            @Override
            public void consumeMessage(String message) throws Exception {
                System.out.println("consume one message: " + message);                
            }

        };
    }
}

DistributedIdQueue

DistributedIdQueue和上面的队列类似，但是可以为队列中的每一个元素设置一个ID。可以通过ID把队列中任意的元素移除。它涉及几个类：

QueueBuilder
QueueConsumer
QueueSerializer
DistributedQueue

通过下面方法创建：

builder.buildIdQueue()

放入元素时：

queue.put(aMessage, messageId);

移除元素时：

int numberRemoved = queue.remove(messageId);

在这个例子中，有些元素还没有被消费者消费时就移除了，这样消费者不会收到删除的消息。

package com.colobu.zkrecipe.queue;import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFramework;import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFrameworkFactory;import org.apache.curator.framework.api.CuratorEvent;import org.apache.curator.framework.api.CuratorListener;import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.queue.DistributedIdQueue;import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.queue.QueueBuilder;import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.queue.QueueConsumer;import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.queue.QueueSerializer;import org.apache.curator.framework.state.ConnectionState;import org.apache.curator.retry.ExponentialBackoffRetry;import org.apache.curator.test.TestingServer;import org.apache.curator.utils.CloseableUtils;public class DistributedIdQueueExample {    private static final String PATH = "/example/queue";    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        TestingServer server = new TestingServer();
        CuratorFramework client = null;
        DistributedIdQueue<String> queue = null;        try {
            client = CuratorFrameworkFactory.newClient(server.getConnectString(), new ExponentialBackoffRetry(1000, 3));
            client.getCuratorListenable().addListener(new CuratorListener() {                @Override
                public void eventReceived(CuratorFramework client, CuratorEvent event) throws Exception {
                    System.out.println("CuratorEvent: " + event.getType().name());
                }
            });

            client.start();
            QueueConsumer<String> consumer = createQueueConsumer();
            QueueBuilder<String> builder = QueueBuilder.builder(client, consumer, createQueueSerializer(), PATH);
            queue = builder.buildIdQueue();
            queue.start();            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                queue.put(" test-" + i, "Id" + i);
                Thread.sleep((long)(50 * Math.random()));
                queue.remove("Id" + i);
            }

            Thread.sleep(20000);

        } catch (Exception ex) {

        } finally {
            CloseableUtils.closeQuietly(queue);
            CloseableUtils.closeQuietly(client);
            CloseableUtils.closeQuietly(server);
        }
    }    private static QueueSerializer<String> createQueueSerializer() {        return new QueueSerializer<String>(){            @Override
            public byte[] serialize(String item) {                return item.getBytes();
            }            @Override
            public String deserialize(byte[] bytes) {                return new String(bytes);
            }

        };
    }    private static QueueConsumer<String> createQueueConsumer() {        return new QueueConsumer<String>(){            @Override
            public void stateChanged(CuratorFramework client, ConnectionState newState) {
                System.out.println("connection new state: " + newState.name());
            }            @Override
            public void consumeMessage(String message) throws Exception {
                System.out.println("consume one message: " + message);                
            }

        };
    }
}

DistributedPriorityQueue

优先级队列对队列中的元素按照优先级进行排序。 Priority越小，元素月靠前，越先被消费掉。它涉及下面几个类：

QueueBuilder
QueueConsumer
QueueSerializer
DistributedPriorityQueue

通过builder.buildPriorityQueue(minItemsBeforeRefresh)方法创建。当优先级队列得到元素增删消息时，它会暂停处理当前的元素队列，然后刷新队列。minItemsBeforeRefresh指定刷新前当前活动的队列的最小数量。主要设置你的程序可以容忍的不排序的最小值。

放入队列时需要指定优先级：

queue.put(aMessage, priority);

例子：

package com.colobu.zkrecipe.queue;import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFramework;import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFrameworkFactory;import org.apache.curator.framework.api.CuratorEvent;import org.apache.curator.framework.api.CuratorListener;import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.queue.DistributedPriorityQueue;import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.queue.QueueBuilder;import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.queue.QueueConsumer;import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.queue.QueueSerializer;import org.apache.curator.framework.state.ConnectionState;import org.apache.curator.retry.ExponentialBackoffRetry;import org.apache.curator.test.TestingServer;import org.apache.curator.utils.CloseableUtils;public class DistributedPriorityQueueExample {    private static final String PATH = "/example/queue";    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        TestingServer server = new TestingServer();
        CuratorFramework client = null;
        DistributedPriorityQueue<String> queue = null;        try {
            client = CuratorFrameworkFactory.newClient(server.getConnectString(), new ExponentialBackoffRetry(1000, 3));
            client.getCuratorListenable().addListener(new CuratorListener() {                @Override
                public void eventReceived(CuratorFramework client, CuratorEvent event) throws Exception {
                    System.out.println("CuratorEvent: " + event.getType().name());
                }
            });

            client.start();
            QueueConsumer<String> consumer = createQueueConsumer();
            QueueBuilder<String> builder = QueueBuilder.builder(client, consumer, createQueueSerializer(), PATH);
            queue = builder.buildPriorityQueue(0);
            queue.start();            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {                int priority = (int)(Math.random() * 100);
                System.out.println("test-" + i + " priority:" + priority);
                queue.put("test-" + i, priority);
                Thread.sleep((long)(50 * Math.random()));
            }

            Thread.sleep(20000);

        } catch (Exception ex) {

        } finally {
            CloseableUtils.closeQuietly(queue);
            CloseableUtils.closeQuietly(client);
            CloseableUtils.closeQuietly(server);
        }
    }    private static QueueSerializer<String> createQueueSerializer() {        return new QueueSerializer<String>(){            @Override
            public byte[] serialize(String item) {                return item.getBytes();
            }            @Override
            public String deserialize(byte[] bytes) {                return new String(bytes);
            }

        };
    }    private static QueueConsumer<String> createQueueConsumer() {        return new QueueConsumer<String>(){            @Override
            public void stateChanged(CuratorFramework client, ConnectionState newState) {
                System.out.println("connection new state: " + newState.name());
            }            @Override
            public void consumeMessage(String message) throws Exception {
                System.out.println("consume one message: " + message);                
            }

        };
    }
}

DistributedDelayQueue

JDK中也有DelayQueue，不知道你是否熟悉。 DistributedDelayQueue也提供了类似的功能，元素有个delay值，消费者隔一段时间才能收到元素。涉及到下面四个类。

QueueBuilder
QueueConsumer
QueueSerializer
DistributedDelayQueue

通过下面的语句创建：

QueueBuilder<MessageType>    builder = QueueBuilder.builder(client, consumer, serializer, path);
... more builder method calls as needed ...
DistributedDelayQueue<MessageType> queue = builder.buildDelayQueue();

放入元素时可以指定delayUntilEpoch：

queue.put(aMessage, delayUntilEpoch);

注意delayUntilEpoch不是离现在的一个时间间隔，比如20毫秒，而是未来的一个时间戳，如 System.currentTimeMillis() + 10秒。如果delayUntilEpoch的时间已经过去，消息会立刻被消费者接收。

例子：

package com.colobu.zkrecipe.queue;import java.util.Date;import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFramework;import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFrameworkFactory;import org.apache.curator.framework.api.CuratorEvent;import org.apache.curator.framework.api.CuratorListener;import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.queue.DistributedDelayQueue;import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.queue.QueueBuilder;import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.queue.QueueConsumer;import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.queue.QueueSerializer;import org.apache.curator.framework.state.ConnectionState;import org.apache.curator.retry.ExponentialBackoffRetry;import org.apache.curator.test.TestingServer;import org.apache.curator.utils.CloseableUtils;public class DistributedDelayQueueExample {    private static final String PATH = "/example/queue";    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        TestingServer server = new TestingServer();
        CuratorFramework client = null;
        DistributedDelayQueue<String> queue = null;        try {
            client = CuratorFrameworkFactory.newClient(server.getConnectString(), new ExponentialBackoffRetry(1000, 3));
            client.getCuratorListenable().addListener(new CuratorListener() {                @Override
                public void eventReceived(CuratorFramework client, CuratorEvent event) throws Exception {
                    System.out.println("CuratorEvent: " + event.getType().name());
                }
            });

            client.start();
            QueueConsumer<String> consumer = createQueueConsumer();
            QueueBuilder<String> builder = QueueBuilder.builder(client, consumer, createQueueSerializer(), PATH);
            queue = builder.buildDelayQueue();
            queue.start();            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                queue.put("test-" + i, System.currentTimeMillis() + 10000);
            }
            System.out.println(new Date().getTime() + ": already put all items");


            Thread.sleep(20000);

        } catch (Exception ex) {

        } finally {
            CloseableUtils.closeQuietly(queue);
            CloseableUtils.closeQuietly(client);
            CloseableUtils.closeQuietly(server);
        }
    }    private static QueueSerializer<String> createQueueSerializer() {        return new QueueSerializer<String>() {            @Override
            public byte[] serialize(String item) {                return item.getBytes();
            }            @Override
            public String deserialize(byte[] bytes) {                return new String(bytes);
            }

        };
    }    private static QueueConsumer<String> createQueueConsumer() {        return new QueueConsumer<String>() {            @Override
            public void stateChanged(CuratorFramework client, ConnectionState newState) {
                System.out.println("connection new state: " + newState.name());
            }            @Override
            public void consumeMessage(String message) throws Exception {
                System.out.println(new Date().getTime() + ": consume one message: " + message);
            }

        };
    }
}

SimpleDistributedQueue

前面虽然实现了各种队列，但是你注意到没有，这些队列并没有实现类似JDK一样的接口。 SimpleDistributedQueue提供了和JDK一致性的接口(但是没有实现Queue接口)。创建很简单：

public SimpleDistributedQueue(CuratorFramework client,
                              String path)

增加元素：

public boolean offer(byte[] data) throws Exception

删除元素：

public byte[] take() throws Exception

另外还提供了其它方法：

public byte[] peek() throws Exceptionpublic byte[] poll(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws Exceptionpublic byte[] poll() throws Exceptionpublic byte[] remove() throws Exceptionpublic byte[] element() throws Exception

没有add方法，多了take方法。

take方法在成功返回之前会被阻塞。而poll在队列为空时直接返回null。w String(client.getData().forPath(PATH2)));

    } catch (Exception ex) {
        ex.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
        CloseableUtils.closeQuietly(node);
        CloseableUtils.closeQuietly(client);
        CloseableUtils.closeQuietly(server);
    }

}

} “`

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