数据库SQL性能优化（一）

substr(hbs_bh,1,4)=’5400’，优化处理：hbs_bh like ‘5400%’
trunc(sk_rq)=trunc(sysdate)， 优化处理：sk_rq>=trunc(sysdate) and sk_rq<trunc(sysdate+1)

进行了显式或隐式的运算的字段不能进行索引，如：

ss_df+20>50，优化处理：ss_df>30 ‘X’ || hbs_bh>’X5400021452’，优化处理：hbs_bh>’5400021542’ sk_rq+5=sysdate，优化处理：sk_rq=sysdate-5 hbs_bh=5401002554，优化处理：hbs_bh=’5401002554’，注：此条件对hbs_bh 进行隐式的to_number转换，因为hbs_bh字段是字符型。

条件内包括了多个本表的字段运算时不能进行索引，如：ys_df>cx_df，无法进行优化 qc_bh || kh_bh=’5400250000’，优化处理：qc_bh=’5400’ and kh_bh=’250000’

DELETE  FROM  EMP E  WHERE  E.ROWID > (SELECT MIN(X.ROWID) FROM  EMP X  WHERE  X.EMP_NO = E.EMP_NO)

SELECT  TAB_NAME FROM TABLES WHERE (TAB_NAME,DB_VER) = ( SELECT TAB_NAME,DB_VER FROM  TAB_COLUMNS  WHERE  VERSION = 604)

（高效）SELECT * FROM EMP (基础表) WHERE EMPNO > 0 AND EXISTS (SELECT ‘X' FROM DEPT WHERE DEPT.DEPTNO = EMP.DEPTNO AND LOC = ‘MELB')

（低效）SELECT * FROM EMP (基础表) WHERE EMPNO > 0 AND DEPTNO IN(SELECT DEPTNO FROM DEPT WHERE LOC = ‘MELB')

SELECT EXECUTIONS , DISK_READS, BUFFER_GETS, ROUND((BUFFER_GETS-DISK_READS)/BUFFER_GETS,2) Hit_radio, ROUND(DISK_READS/EXECUTIONS,2) Reads_per_run, SQL_TEXT FROM V$SQLAREA WHERE EXECUTIONS>0 AND BUFFER_GETS > 0 AND (BUFFER_GETS-DISK_READS)/BUFFER_GETS < 0.8 ORDER BY 4 DESC;

(低效): SELECT DISTINCT DEPT_NO,DEPT_NAME FROM DEPT D , EMP E WHERE D.DEPT_NO = E.DEPT_NO

(高效): SELECT DEPT_NO,DEPT_NAME FROM DEPT D WHERE EXISTS ( SELECT ‘X' FROM EMP E WHERE E.DEPT_NO = D.DEPT_NO);

低效： SELECT … FROM  DEPT  WHERE SAL * 12 > 25000; 高效: SELECT … FROM DEPT WHERE SAL > 25000/12;

高效: SELECT LOC_ID , LOC_DESC , REGION FROM LOCATION WHERE LOC_ID = 10 UNION SELECT LOC_ID , LOC_DESC , REGION FROM LOCATION WHERE REGION = “MELBOURNE”

低效: SELECT LOC_ID , LOC_DESC , REGION FROM LOCATION WHERE LOC_ID = 10 OR REGION = “MELBOURNE”

低效: SELECT ACCT_NUM, BALANCE_AMT FROM DEBIT_TRANSACTIONS WHERE TRAN_DATE = '31-DEC-95' UNION SELECT ACCT_NUM, BALANCE_AMT FROM DEBIT_TRANSACTIONS WHERE TRAN_DATE = '31-DEC-95'

高效: SELECT ACCT_NUM, BALANCE_AMT FROM DEBIT_TRANSACTIONS WHERE TRAN_DATE = '31-DEC-95' UNION ALL SELECT ACCT_NUM, BALANCE_AMT FROM DEBIT_TRANSACTIONS WHERE TRAN_DATE = '31-DEC-95'

提高GROUP BY 语句的效率, 可以通过将不需要的记录在GROUP BY 之前过滤掉.下面两个查询返回相同结果但第二个明显就快了许多.

低效: SELECT JOB , AVG(SAL) FROM EMP GROUP by JOB HAVING JOB = ‘PRESIDENT' OR JOB = ‘MANAGER'

高效: SELECT JOB , AVG(SAL) FROM EMP WHERE JOB = ‘PRESIDENT' OR JOB = ‘MANAGER' GROUP by JOB