10.9 查看网络状态
监控系统状态
- netstat 查看网络状态
- netstat -lnp 查看监听端口
- netstat -an 查看系统的网络连接状况
- netstat -lntp 只看出tcp的，不包含socket
- ss -an和netstat异曲同工
- 技巧：
- netstat -an |awk '/^tcp/ {++sta[$NF]} END {for(key in sta) print key,"\t" ,sta[key]}'
netstat命令
- netstat命令，查看linux中网络系统的状态信息
- 查看的就是tcp/ip通信的一个状态
netstat命令，查看监听端口
- netstat -lnp 查看监听端口
- l 就是监听的意思
- tcp
- 25端口，是发邮件的端口
- 22 端口，有两个，一个是tcp，另一个是tcp6
- tcp6就是ipv6的IP
- udp
- UNIX中有一种文件叫socket
- 也是进程间相互通信的（前提：同一台服务器，两个进程相互通信，使用socket文件）
[root@hf-01 ~]# netstat -lnp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1522/master
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1178/sshd
tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1522/master
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 1525/mysqld
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1178/sshd
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:51407 0.0.0.0:* 557/avahi-daemon: r
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5353 0.0.0.0:* 557/avahi-daemon: r
raw6 0 0 :::58 :::* 7 650/NetworkManager
Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers)
Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node PID/Program name Path
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18892 1522/master private/tlsmgr
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18880 1522/master public/pickup
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18895 1522/master private/rewrite
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18898 1522/master private/bounce
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18901 1522/master private/defer
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18904 1522/master private/trace
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18907 1522/master private/verify
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18913 1522/master private/proxymap
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18916 1522/master private/proxywrite
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18919 1522/master private/smtp
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18922 1522/master private/relay
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18928 1522/master private/error
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18931 1522/master private/retry
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18934 1522/master private/discard
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18937 1522/master private/local
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11300 1/systemd /run/lvm/lvmpolld.socket
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18940 1522/master private/virtual
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18943 1522/master private/lmtp
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18946 1522/master private/anvil
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18949 1522/master private/scache
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6719 1/systemd /run/systemd/journal/stdout
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11092 1/systemd /run/lvm/lvmetad.socket
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 15756 650/NetworkManager /var/run/NetworkManager/private-dhcp
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 13965 1/systemd /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18884 1522/master public/cleanup
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 13979 1/systemd /var/run/avahi-daemon/socket
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18887 1522/master public/qmgr
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18910 1522/master public/flush
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18925 1522/master public/showq
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19266 1525/mysqld /tmp/mysql.sock
unix 2 [ ACC ] SEQPACKET LISTENING 11220 1/systemd /run/udev/control
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 15580 650/NetworkManager /var/run/NetworkManager/private
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 10994 1/systemd /run/systemd/private
[root@hf-01 ~]# netstat命令 查看所有的连接状态
- netstat -an 查看所有的连接状态
[root@hf-01 ~]# netstat -an
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 52 192.168.74.129:22 192.168.74.1:49322 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:51407 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5353 0.0.0.0:*
raw6 0 0 :::58 :::* 7
Active UNIX domain sockets (servers and established)
Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18892 private/tlsmgr
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18880 public/pickup
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18895 private/rewrite
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18898 private/bounce
等等等，只截取了一部分netstat命令 只查看tcp
- netstat -ltnp 只查看tcp
[root@hf-01 ~]# netstat -ltnp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1522/master
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1178/sshd
tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1522/master
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 1525/mysqld
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1178/sshd
[root@hf-01 ~]# netstat命令 只查看tcp和udp
- netstat -ltunp //只查看tcp和udp
[root@hf-01 ~]# netstat -ltunp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1522/master
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1178/sshd
tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1522/master
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 1525/mysqld
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1178/sshd
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:51407 0.0.0.0:* 557/avahi-daemon: r
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5353 0.0.0.0:* 557/avahi-daemon: r
[root@hf-01 ~]# netstat命令和awk相关的
- 查看所有状态的数字
- netstat -an |awk '/^tcp/ {++sta[$NF]} END {for(key in sta) print key,"\t" ,sta[key]}'
- 在现上环境中查看的多（虚拟机实现的效果太差）
[root@hf-01 ~]# netstat -an |awk '/^tcp/ {++sta[$NF]} END {for(key in sta) print key,"\t"
LISTEN 5
ESTABLISHED 1
[root@hf-01 ~]# - 查看netstat需要关注一个值，就是ESTABLISHED，这个数字若是很大，说明系统很忙
- 通常ESTABLISHED 这个数字在一千以内，服务器都是可以接受的
- 网站并发连接数，并发连接数就是指同一时刻有多少个客户端在连接你，而我们就可以拿ESTABLISHED 这个数字去说明，并发连接数有多少
- 说明这个时刻，有多少个客户端在和服务端保持通信
ss -an命令和netstat命令相似
- ss -an
[root@hf-01 ~]# ss -an
Netid State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
nl UNCONN 0 0 0:4194954 *
nl UNCONN 0 0 0:650 *
nl UNCONN 0 0 0:557 *
nl UNCONN 0 0 0:0 *
nl UNCONN 4352 0 4:2922 *
nl UNCONN 768 0 4:0 *
nl UNCONN 0 0 6:0 *
nl UNCONN 0 0 7:554 *
nl UNCONN 0 0 7:1 *
nl UNCONN 0 0 7:0 *
nl UNCONN 0 0 9:0 *
nl UNCONN 0 0 9:514 *
nl UNCONN 0 0 9:1 *
nl UNCONN 0 0 10:0 *
nl UNCONN 0 0 11:0 *
nl UNCONN 0 0 15:650 *
等等等，只截取了一部分
[root@hf-01 ~]# ss -an |grep -i listen //因为listen是大写，所以加-i 参数
u_str LISTEN 0 100 private/tlsmgr 18892 * 0
u_str LISTEN 0 100 public/pickup 18880 * 0
u_str LISTEN 0 100 private/rewrite 18895 * 0
u_str LISTEN 0 100 private/bounce 18898 * 0
u_str LISTEN 0 100 private/defer 18901 * 0
u_str LISTEN 0 100 private/trace 18904 * 0
u_str LISTEN 0 100 private/verify 18907 * 0
u_str LISTEN 0 100 private/proxymap 18913 * 0
u_str LISTEN 0 100 private/proxywrite 18916 * 0
等等等，只截取了一部分- ss -an 缺点：不会显示进程的名称
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