①.消息传递方式介绍:
Activemq支持两种方式的消息传递:
广播模式:1-n的方式,是一种发布订阅模式,像腾讯新闻那样,只要我们微信关注了腾讯新闻,那么每个人都会收到推送的新闻
队列模式:1-1的方式,只能有一个消费者端消费生产者生产的数据
②.消息类型介绍:
Activemq提供了两种消息类型:持久化和非持久化:
消息生产者使用持久(persistent)传递模式发送消息的时候,Producer.send() 方法会被阻塞,直到 broker 发送一个确认消息给生产者(ProducerAck),这个确认消息暗示broker已经成功接收到消息并把消息保存到二级存储中。这个过程通常称为同步发送。速度较慢,数据基本不会丢失.可以持久化到kahaDB(aMq默认采用kahaDB存储引擎来存储消息)或数据库中
异步发送不会在受到 broker 的确认之前一直阻塞 Producer.send 方法,速度较快,不过可能会造成数据的丢失.
消息签收方式:
AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE 自动确认
CLIENT_ACKNOWLEDGE 客户端手动确认
DUPS_OK_ACKNOWLEDGE 自动批量确认
SESSION_TRANSACTED 事务提交并确认
③.下载可以到apache activeMQ官网下载
④.我这里下载的是windows 5.10版本的就以此为例做介绍
解压之后进入bin目录根据操作系统找到对应的,activemq.bat文件双击运行
activeMQ内置有一个控制台可以访问http://localhost:8161/查看,默认账户密码皆为admin
⑤.客户端代码(java为例):
public class ActiveMqBo {
// 创建连接工厂
private ConnectionFactory factory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(ActiveMqConstant.URL);
/**
* 获取一个连接
* @return
* @throws JMSException
*/
public Connection getConnection() throws JMSException {
Connection conn;
try {
conn = factory.createConnection();
} catch (JMSException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw e;
}
return conn;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ActiveMqBo mq = new ActiveMqBo();
Connection conn = null;
Session session = null;
MessageProducer producer = null;
try {
// 获取一个连接
conn = mq.getConnection();
conn.start();
// 签收方式
session = conn.createSession(Boolean.FALSE, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
// 创建一个队列
Destination destination = session.createQueue("queue-1");
// 获取一个生产者
producer = session.createProducer(destination);
/*
* 持久化,会通过kahadb把消息存入到db.log中,直到被消费后进行清除
* 速度较慢
* DeliveryMode.NON_PERSISTENT非持久化
* DeliveryMode.PERSISTENT持久化
*/
producer.setDeliveryMode(DeliveryMode.NON_PERSISTENT);
// producer.setTimeToLive(5000);//5秒后过期,这个对点对点模式有效
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
MessageDto mes = new MessageDto();
mes.setCode("" + (i + 1));
mes.setMessage("send mes:" + (i + 1));
producer.send(session.createObjectMessage(mes));
System.out.println("send mes : " + mes);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
if (producer != null) {
producer.close();
}
if (session != null) {
session.close();
}
if (conn != null) {
conn.close();
}
} catch (JMSException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
日志部分:
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/D:/repository/ch/qos/logback/logback-classic/1.0.13/logback-classic-1.0.13.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/D:/repository/org/apache/activemq/activemq-all/5.10.0/activemq-all-5.10.0.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [ch.qos.logback.classic.util.ContextSelectorStaticBinder]
11:27:42.251 [main] DEBUG o.a.a.transport.WireFormatNegotiator - Sending: WireFormatInfo { version=10, properties={MaxFrameSize=9223372036854775807, CacheSize=1024, CacheEnabled=true, Host=127.0.0.1, SizePrefixDisabled=false, MaxInactivityDurationInitalDelay=10000, TcpNoDelayEnabled=true, MaxInactivityDuration=30000, TightEncodingEnabled=true, StackTraceEnabled=true}, magic=[A,c,t,i,v,e,M,Q]}
11:27:42.252 [ActiveMQ Transport: tcp:///127.0.0.1:61616@54559] DEBUG o.a.a.transport.WireFormatNegotiator - Received WireFormat: WireFormatInfo { version=10, properties={CacheSize=1024, MaxFrameSize=104857600, CacheEnabled=true, SizePrefixDisabled=false, TcpNoDelayEnabled=true, MaxInactivityDurationInitalDelay=10000, MaxInactivityDuration=30000, TightEncodingEnabled=true, StackTraceEnabled=true}, magic=[A,c,t,i,v,e,M,Q]}
11:27:42.257 [main] DEBUG o.a.a.transport.InactivityMonitor - Using min of local: WireFormatInfo { version=10, properties={MaxFrameSize=9223372036854775807, CacheSize=1024, CacheEnabled=true, Host=127.0.0.1, SizePrefixDisabled=false, MaxInactivityDurationInitalDelay=10000, TcpNoDelayEnabled=true, MaxInactivityDuration=30000, TightEncodingEnabled=true, StackTraceEnabled=true}, magic=[A,c,t,i,v,e,M,Q]} and remote: WireFormatInfo { version=10, properties={CacheSize=1024, MaxFrameSize=104857600, CacheEnabled=true, SizePrefixDisabled=false, TcpNoDelayEnabled=true, MaxInactivityDurationInitalDelay=10000, MaxInactivityDuration=30000, TightEncodingEnabled=true, StackTraceEnabled=true}, magic=[A,c,t,i,v,e,M,Q]}
11:27:42.260 [ActiveMQ Transport: tcp:///127.0.0.1:61616@54559] DEBUG o.a.a.transport.WireFormatNegotiator - tcp:///127.0.0.1:61616@54559 before negotiation: OpenWireFormat{version=10, cacheEnabled=false, stackTraceEnabled=false, tightEncodingEnabled=false, sizePrefixDisabled=false, maxFrameSize=9223372036854775807}
11:27:42.261 [ActiveMQ Transport: tcp:///127.0.0.1:61616@54559] DEBUG o.a.a.transport.WireFormatNegotiator - tcp:///127.0.0.1:61616@54559 after negotiation: OpenWireFormat{version=10, cacheEnabled=true, stackTraceEnabled=true, tightEncodingEnabled=true, sizePrefixDisabled=false, maxFrameSize=104857600}
send mes : MessageDto [code=1, message=send mes:1]
send mes : MessageDto [code=2, message=send mes:2]
send mes : MessageDto [code=3, message=send mes:3]
send mes : MessageDto [code=4, message=send mes:4]
send mes : MessageDto [code=5, message=send mes:5]
send mes : MessageDto [code=6, message=send mes:6]
send mes : MessageDto [code=7, message=send mes:7]
send mes : MessageDto [code=8, message=send mes:8]
........省略
send mes : MessageDto [code=996, message=send mes:996]
send mes : MessageDto [code=997, message=send mes:997]
send mes : MessageDto [code=998, message=send mes:998]
send mes : MessageDto [code=999, message=send mes:999]
send mes : MessageDto [code=1000, message=send mes:1000]
11:27:42.490 [main] DEBUG o.a.activemq.util.ThreadPoolUtils - Shutdown of ExecutorService: java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@2e0f6c25[Terminated, pool size = 0, active threads = 0, queued tasks = 0, completed tasks = 0] is shutdown: true and terminated: true took: 0.000 seconds.
11:27:42.490 [ActiveMQ Transport: tcp:///127.0.0.1:61616@54559] DEBUG o.a.activemq.util.ThreadPoolUtils - Shutdown of ExecutorService: java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@768508c2[Terminated, pool size = 0, active threads = 0, queued tasks = 0, completed tasks = 0] is shutdown: true and terminated: true took: 0.000 seconds.
11:27:42.491 [main] DEBUG o.a.a.transport.tcp.TcpTransport - Stopping transport tcp:///127.0.0.1:61616@54559
11:27:42.492 [main] DEBUG o.a.a.thread.TaskRunnerFactory - Initialized TaskRunnerFactory[ActiveMQ Task] using ExecutorService: java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@b30e9f8[Running, pool size = 0, active threads = 0, queued tasks = 0, completed tasks = 0]
11:27:42.493 [ActiveMQ Task-1] DEBUG o.a.a.transport.tcp.TcpTransport - Closed socket Socket[addr=/127.0.0.1,port=61616,localport=54559]
11:27:42.493 [main] DEBUG o.a.activemq.util.ThreadPoolUtils - Forcing shutdown of ExecutorService: java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@b30e9f8[Running, pool size = 1, active threads = 1, queued tasks = 0, completed tasks = 0]
这里我们再看控制台,会发现queue1有数据信息,因为我们是非持久化方式发送消息,我们关掉activemq后在重启会发现数据丢失
,再以持久化的方式测试:
只需要将这里设置为PERSISTENT即可
producer.setDeliveryMode(DeliveryMode.PERSISTENT);
我们再启动刚才的代码会发现发送数据的速度很明显的降低,但是我们关闭activemq后再重启,刷新控制台数据没有丢失.
⑥.消费端:
public class Consumer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
MessageUtil.getConsumer("queue-1", Boolean.TRUE);
} catch (JMSException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public class MessageUtil {
private static ActiveMqBo mq = new ActiveMqBo();
private static Connection conn = null;
private static Session session = null;
private static void init(){
try {
// 获取一个连接
if(conn == null){
conn = mq.getConnection();
}
conn.start();
// 自动提交事务
if(session == null){
/*Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE 消息自动签收
Session.CLIENT_ACKNOWLEDGE 客戶端调用acknowledge方法手动签收
Session.DUPS_OK_ACKNOWLEDGE 不是必须签收,消息可能会重复发送。在第二次重新传送消息的时候,消息
头的JmsDelivered会被置为true标示当前消息已经传送过一次,客户端需要进行消息的重复处理控制。*/
session = conn.createSession(Boolean.FALSE, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
*
* @param obj 序列化对象
* @param topic
* @param isQueue
* @throws JMSException
*/
public static void sendObjectMessage(Serializable obj,String topic,boolean isQueue) throws JMSException{
init();
MessageProducer producer = getProducer(getDestination(topic, isQueue));
producer.send(session.createObjectMessage(obj));
destroy(producer);
}
public static void sendTextMessage(String mes,String topic,boolean isQueue) throws JMSException{
init();
MessageProducer producer = getProducer(getDestination(topic, isQueue));
producer.send(session.createTextMessage(mes));
destroy(producer);
}
private static MessageProducer getProducer(Destination destination) throws JMSException{
MessageProducer producer = session.createProducer(destination);
/** PERSISTENT(持久性消息):
* 这是ActiveMQ的默认传送模式,此模式保证这些消息只被传送一次和成功使用一次。对于这些消息,可靠性是优先考虑的因素。
* 可靠性的另一个重要方面是确保持久性消息传送至目标后,消息服务在向消费者传送它们之前不会丢失这些消息。这意味着在持久性消息传送至目标时,
* 消息服务将其放入持久性数据存储。如果消息服务由于某种原因导致失败,
* 它可以恢复此消息并将此消息传送至相应的消费者。虽然这样增加了消息传送的开销,但却增加了可靠性。
* NON_PERSISTENT(非持久性消息):
* 保证这些消息最多被传送一次。对于这些消息,可靠性并非主要的考虑因素。
* 此模式并不要求持久性的数据存储,也不保证消息服务由于某种原因导致失败后消息不会丢失。
*
*/
producer.setDeliveryMode(DeliveryMode.NON_PERSISTENT);
return producer;
}
private static Destination getDestination(String topic, boolean isQueue) throws JMSException {
Destination destination = null;
if (isQueue) {
destination = session.createQueue(topic);
} else {
destination = session.createTopic(topic);
}
return destination;
}
public static void getConsumer(String topic, boolean isQueue) throws JMSException{
init();
MessageConsumer consumer = session.createConsumer(getDestination(topic, isQueue));
if(Arrays.asList(ActiveMqConstant.QUEUES).contains(topic) ||
Arrays.asList(ActiveMqConstant.TOPICS).contains(topic) ){
MessageListener listener = ActiveMqConstant.listeners.get(topic);
consumer.setMessageListener(listener);
}
}
private static void destroy(MessageProducer producer) throws JMSException{
if(producer != null){
producer.close();
}
if(session!=null){
session.close();
session = null;
}
if(conn!=null){
conn.close();
conn = null;
}
}
public static void destroy(MessageConsumer consumer) throws JMSException{
if(consumer != null){
consumer.close();
consumer = null;
}
if(session!=null){
session.close();
session = null;
}
if(conn!=null){
conn.close();
conn = null;
}
}
public class ActiveMqConstant {
public static final String USERNAME = "admin", PASSWORD = "admin";
public static final String URL = "tcp://127.0.0.1:61616";
public static final String[] QUEUES = { "queue-1", "queue2", "queue3" };
public static final String[] TOPICS = { "topic1", "topic2", "topic3" };
public static Map<String, MessageListener> listeners = new LinkedHashMap<String, MessageListener>();
static{
init();
}
private static void init(){
//后期可以从xml中配置获取
listeners.put("queue-1",new ActiveMQMessageListener());
listeners.put("queue2",new ActiveMQMessageListener2());
listeners.put("queue3",new ActiveMQMessageListener3());
listeners.put("topic1",new ActiveMQMessageListener());
listeners.put("topic2",new ActiveMQMessageListener2 ());
listeners.put("topic3",new ActiveMQMessageListener3());
}
private ActiveMqConstant() {
}
}
....省略
receiver:MessageDto [code=402, message=send mes:402]
receiver:MessageDto [code=403, message=send mes:403]
receiver:MessageDto [code=404, message=send mes:404]
...省略
receiver:MessageDto [code=2085, message=send mes:2085]
receiver:MessageDto [code=2086, message=send mes:2086]
receiver:MessageDto [code=2087, message=send mes:2087]
receiver:MessageDto [code=2088, message=send mes:2088]
receiver:MessageDto [code=2089, message=send mes:2089]
13:53:21.896 [ActiveMQ InactivityMonitor WriteCheckTimer] DEBUG o.a.a.t.AbstractInactivityMonitor - WriteChecker: 10001ms elapsed since last write check.
13:53:21.899 [ActiveMQ InactivityMonitor Worker] DEBUG o.a.a.t.AbstractInactivityMonitor - Running WriteCheck[tcp://127.0.0.1:61616]
13:53:31.897 [ActiveMQ InactivityMonitor WriteCheckTimer] DEBUG o.a.a.t.AbstractInactivityMonitor - WriteChecker: 10001ms elapsed since last write check.
13:53:31.897 [ActiveMQ InactivityMonitor Worker] DEBUG o.a.a.t.AbstractInactivityMonitor - Running WriteCheck[tcp://127.0.0.1:61616]
13:53:41.897 [ActiveMQ InactivityMonitor ReadCheckTimer] DEBUG o.a.a.t.AbstractInactivityMonitor - 30002ms elapsed since last read check.
13:53:41.898 [ActiveMQ InactivityMonitor WriteCheckTimer] DEBUG o.a.a.t.AbstractInactivityMonitor - WriteChecker: 10001ms elapsed since last write check.
13:53:41.898 [ActiveMQ InactivityMonitor Worker] DEBUG o.a.a.t.AbstractInactivityMonitor - Running WriteCheck[tcp://127.0.0.1:61616]
13:53:51.899 [ActiveMQ InactivityMonitor WriteCheckTimer] DEBUG o.a.a.t.AbstractInactivityMonitor - WriteChecker: 10001ms elapsed since last write check.
13:53:51.899 [ActiveMQ InactivityMonitor Worker] DEBUG o.a.a.t.AbstractInactivityMonitor - Running WriteCheck[tcp://127.0.0.1:61616]
13:54:01.900 [ActiveMQ InactivityMonitor WriteCheckTimer] DEBUG o.a.a.t.AbstractInactivityMonitor - WriteChecker: 10001ms elapsed since last write check.
13:54:01.901 [ActiveMQ InactivityMonitor Worker] DEBUG o.a.a.t.AbstractInactivityMonitor - Running WriteCheck[tcp://127.0.0.1:61616]
13:54:11.899 [ActiveMQ InactivityMonitor ReadCheckTimer] DEBUG o.a.a.t.AbstractInactivityMonitor - 30002ms elapsed since last read check.
13:54:11.901 [ActiveMQ InactivityMonitor WriteCheckTimer] DEBUG o.a.a.t.AbstractInactivityMonitor - WriteChecker: 10001ms elapsed since last write check.
13:54:11.901 [ActiveMQ InactivityMonitor Worker] DEBUG o.a.a.t.AbstractInactivityMonitor - Running WriteCheck[tcp://127.0.0.1:61616]
13:54:21.902 [ActiveMQ InactivityMonitor WriteCheckTimer] DEBUG o.a.a.t.AbstractInactivityMonitor - WriteChecker: 10001ms elapsed since last write check.
13:54:21.902 [ActiveMQ InactivityMonitor Worker] DEBUG o.a.a.t.AbstractInactivityMonitor - Running WriteCheck[tcp://127.0.0.1:61616]
13:54:31.903 [ActiveMQ InactivityMonitor WriteCheckTimer] DEBUG o.a.a.t.AbstractInactivityMonitor - WriteChecker: 10001ms elapsed since last write check.
13:54:31.903 [ActiveMQ InactivityMonitor Worker] DEBUG o.a.a.t.AbstractInactivityMonitor - Running WriteCheck[tcp://127.0.0.1:61616]
再次刷新控制台看界面变化
⑦.了解activemq的目录结构 ,会发现如下几个文件:
db.data,db.redo,db-1.log
在消息未被消费之前会将数据保存在db-*.log中, 其中activemq默认每超过32m重新生成一个新的日志文件.
db.data:存储btree索引 ,BTree索引,保存消息的引用,并按照message ID排序。 db.redo:用来保证MQ broker未干净关闭情况下,用于BTree index的重建。
注意:对于非持久化的数据如果未及时消费,当activemq宕机时,保存的db-*.log等信息在下次启动时全部丢失.
广播模式不再介绍,跟队列方式相似,可以自己多开几个consumer看接收到的内容是否一致