Elasticsearch 急速入门·文档与搜索

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发布于 2018-03-05 17:08:49

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发布于 2018-03-05 17:08:49

文章被收录于专栏：NetkillerNetkiller

节选自《Netkiller Database 手札》

60.2. 文档API

60.2.1. 快速上手

文档通过 _index、_type、_id 元数据(metadata)，确定 URL 唯一

			GET /<_index>/<_type>/<_id>

# curl -XPUT 'http://localhost:9200/website/profile/1' -d '{
	"name" : "neo",
	"nickname" : "netkiller",
	"age" : "35",
	"message" : "Helloworld !!!"
}'

# curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/website/profile/1?pretty'
{
  "_index" : "website",
  "_type" : "profile",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 1,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
    "name" : "neo",
    "nickname" : "netkiller",
    "age" : "35",
    "message" : "Helloworld !!!"
  }
}

# curl -XPUT 'http://localhost:9200/website/blog/1?pretty' -d '{
>   "title": "My first blog entry",
>   "text":  "Just trying this out...",
>   "date":  "2014/01/01"
> }'
{
  "_index" : "website",
  "_type" : "blog",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 1,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "successful" : 1,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "created" : true
}

后面会详细讲解 PUT与GET的使用方法以及相关参数

60.2.2. 写入 PUT/POST

通过 PUT 写入数据

[root@localhost ~]# curl -XPUT 'http://localhost:9200/twitter/tweet/1' -d '{
>     "user" : "kimchy",
>     "post_date" : "2009-11-15T14:12:12",
>     "message" : "trying out Elasticsearch"
> }'
{"_index":"twitter","_type":"tweet","_id":"1","_version":1,"_shards":{"total":2,"successful":1,"failed":0},"created":true}

使用 UUID 替代 _id, 注意使用UUID 必须使用 POST方式提交，不能使用 PUT。

curl -XPOST 'http://localhost:9200/website/news/?pretty' -d '{
  "title": "My first news entry",
  "text":  "Just trying this out..."
}'
{
  "_index" : "website",
  "_type" : "news1",
  "_id" : "AVY0RJrvJRTrBLpmYzBH",
  "_version" : 1,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "successful" : 1,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "created" : true
}

curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/website/news/AVY0RJrvJRTrBLpmYzBH?pretty'

提交后会输出 "_id" : "AVY0RJrvJRTrBLpmYzBH"，查询时将此放到放到URL中即可。

60.2.3. 获取 GET

通过 GET 读取数据

[root@localhost ~]# curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/twitter/tweet/1'
{"_index":"twitter","_type":"tweet","_id":"1","_version":1,"found":true,"_source":{
    "user" : "kimchy",
    "post_date" : "2009-11-15T14:12:12",
    "message" : "trying out Elasticsearch"
}}

60.2.3.1. _source

只返回 _source 数据，去掉元数据

# curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/website/news1/AVY0Q4SqdtH0Up0t-WB2/_source?pretty'
{
  "title" : "My first news entry",
  "text" : "Just trying this out..."
}

选择字段 _source=title，超过一个字段使用逗号分隔_source=title,text。

				# curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/website/news1/AVY0Q4SqdtH0Up0t-WB2?_source=title&pretty'
{
  "_index" : "website",
  "_type" : "news1",
  "_id" : "AVY0Q4SqdtH0Up0t-WB2",
  "_version" : 1,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
    "title" : "My first news entry"
  }
}

# curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/website/news1/AVY0Q4SqdtH0Up0t-WB2?_source=title,text&pretty'
{
  "_index" : "website",
  "_type" : "news1",
  "_id" : "AVY0Q4SqdtH0Up0t-WB2",
  "_version" : 1,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
    "text" : "Just trying this out...",
    "title" : "My first news entry"
  }
}

60.2.4. 检查记录是否存在

[root@localhost elasticsearch]# curl -i -XHEAD http://localhost:9200/website/blog/1
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 0

[root@localhost elasticsearch]# curl -i -XHEAD http://localhost:9200/website/blog/100
HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 0

HTTP/1.1 200 OK 表示已经找到你要的数据

HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found 表示数据不存在

60.2.5. 参数

60.2.5.1. pretty 格式化 json

# curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/twitter/tweet/1?pretty'
{
  "_index" : "twitter",
  "_type" : "tweet",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 1,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
    "user" : "kimchy",
    "post_date" : "2009-11-15T14:12:12",
    "message" : "trying out Elasticsearch"
  }
}

60.3. 搜索

搜索所有内容

# curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/_search?pretty'	
# curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/_all/_search?pretty'

指定 _index 搜索

# curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/website/_search?pretty'
# curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/website/news/_search?pretty'

指定 _type 搜索

# curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/website,twitter/_search?pretty'
# curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/website/news,blog/_search?pretty'
# curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/website,twitter/news,blog/_search?pretty'

所有 _index 包含指定 _type 搜索

# curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/_all/news,blog/_search?pretty'

60.3.1. 分页

该功能与SQL的LIMIT关键字结果一样，Elasticsearch接受size和from两个参数参数：

size: 返回结果集数量，默认10，用法与SQL中的 Limit相同

from: 偏移量，默认0，用法与 SQL中的 Offset相同

如果你想每页显示10个结果，那么请求如下：

			第一页 GET /_search?size=10
第二页 GET /_search?size=10&from=10
第三页 GET /_search?size=10&from=20

60.3.2. 字符串搜索

			# curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/_all/_search?q=neo&pretty'

同时满足两个条件

+name:neo +age:30

查找name为mary 或者 john的数据

+name:(mary john)

查询姓名是neo或者jam并且年龄小于30岁同时1980-09-10之后出生的

			+name:(neo jam) +age:<30 +date:>1980-09-10

本文参与腾讯云自媒体分享计划，分享自微信公众号。

原始发表：2016-08-01，如有侵权请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除

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