本文节选自《Netkiller Linux 手札》
$ sudo apt-get install vsftpd
test
[08:25:37 jobs:0] $ ncftp ftp://127.0.0.1
NcFTP 3.2.1 (Jul 29, 2007) by Mike Gleason (http://www.NcFTP.com/contact/).
Connecting to 127.0.0.1...
(vsFTPd 2.0.7)
Logging in...
Login successful.
Logged in to 127.0.0.1.
Current remote directory is /.
ncftp / >
enable local user
$ sudo vim /etc/vsftpd.conf
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES
chroot_local_user=YES
$ sudo /etc/init.d/vsftpd reload
testing for local user
$ ncftp ftp://neo@127.0.0.1/
NcFTP 3.2.1 (Jul 29, 2007) by Mike Gleason (http://www.NcFTP.com/contact/).
Connecting to 127.0.0.1...
(vsFTPd 2.0.7)
Logging in...
Password requested by 127.0.0.1 for user "neo".
Please specify the password.
Password: *******
Login successful.
Logged in to 127.0.0.1.
Current remote directory is /home/neo.
ncftp /home/neo >
yum install -y vsftpd
systemctl enable vsftpd
cp /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf{,.original}
sed -i 's/anonymous_enable=YES/anonymous_enable=NO/' /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
sed -i 's/#chroot_local_user=YES/chroot_local_user=YES/' /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
sed -i 's/listen=NO/listen=YES/' /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
sed -i 's/listen_ipv6=YES/listen_ipv6=NO/' /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
echo "allow_writeable_chroot=YES" >> /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
systemctl start vsftpd
firewalld 防火墙
# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=21/tcp
iptables
sed -i 's/IPTABLES_MODULES=""/IPTABLES_MODULES="ip_conntrack_ftp"/' /etc/sysconfig/iptables-config
# vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 20 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT
我们不想让FTP用户通过shell登录系统, 可以将用户的Shell改为/sbin/nologin
neo:x:1000:1000:neo,,,:/home/neo:/sbin/nologin
# cat /etc/pam.d/vsftpd
#%PAM-1.0
session optional pam_keyinit.so force revoke
auth required pam_listfile.so item=user sense=deny file=/etc/vsftpd/ftpusers onerr=succeed
auth required pam_shells.so
auth include system-auth
account include system-auth
session include system-auth
session required pam_loginuid.so
/etc/vsftpd/ftpusers 列表中的用户将不能登录ftp服务器
创建明文密码文件,一行用户名后回车跟一行密码
# cat virtual-users.txt
user
password
neo
123456
jam
654321
转为数据库文件
# sudo apt-get install db-util
# db_load -T -t hash -f virtual-users.txt /etc/vsftpd/virtual-users.db
创建插件认证配置文件 /etc/pam.d/vsftpd-virtual
auth required pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/virtual-users
account required pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/virtual-users
/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf:
# virtual users to use local privs, not anon privs
virtual_use_local_privs=YES
# the PAM file used by authentication of virtual uses
pam_service_name=vsftpd-virtual
# in conjunction with 'local_root',
# specifies a home directory for each virtual user
user_sub_token=$USER
local_root=/var/www/virtual/$USER
# the virtual user is restricted to the virtual FTP area
chroot_local_user=YES
# hides the FTP server user IDs and just display "ftp" in directory listings
hide_ids=YES
guest_enable=YES
guest_username=nobody
# the umask for file creation
local_umask=022
guest_username=nobody 虚拟用户将使用nobody用户作为他的uid,gid.
# mkdir /var/www/virtual/mary
# chown ftp:ftp /var/www/virtual/mary
vim /etc/vsftpd.conf
user_config_dir=/etc/vsftpd/conf.d
mkdir /etc/vsftpd/conf.d
neo 只能下载不能上传
echo "anon_world_readable_only=NO" > /etc/vsftpd/conf.d/neo
jam 可以下上传跟下载
echo "anon_world_readable_only=NO" > /etc/vsftpd/conf.d/jam
echo "anon_upload_enable=YES" >> /etc/vsftpd/conf.d/jam
echo "write_enable=YES" >> /etc/vsftpd/conf.d/jam
chroot 所有本地用户
chroot_local_user=YES
受限用户用户添加到文件vsftpd.chroot_list
chroot_list_enable=YES
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
注意:每行一个用户名
adduser -o --home /www --shell /sbin/nologin --uid 99 --gid 99 --group nobody www
echo "www:chen" | chpasswd
echo www > /etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
ncftp ftp://www:chen@172.16.0.1
添加 allow_writeable_chroot=YES 项到 /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf 配置文件
echo "allow_writeable_chroot=YES" >> /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
重启 vsftpd