SQLServer 数据库镜像+复制切换方案
目标：
主机做了Mirror和Replication，当主机出现问题时，Replication和Mirror实现自动的故障转移（Mirror 和Replication都切换到备机，而当主机
重新启动后，自动充当备机的角色）。
环境：
五台虚拟机，配置均为Windows2008 Enterprise + SQLServer2008R2 Enterprise
08R201：Mirror 见证机(WITNESS) IP:192.168.56.101
08R202：主机（Rep+Mirror） IP:192.168.56.102
08R203：Rep分发机 IP:192.168.56.103
08R204：Rep订阅机 IP:192.168.56.104
08R205：镜像机（Mirror） IP:192.168.56.105
步骤：
配置有见证服务器的镜像
- 创建证书和Endpoint
08R202(Master) 上运行下面的脚本：
--主机执行： USE master; CREATE MASTER KEY ENCRYPTION BY PASSWORD ='123456abc'; CREATE CERTIFICATE HOST_A_cert WITH SUBJECT = 'HOST_A certificate' , START_DATE = '11/08/2010',EXPIRY_DATE = '10/31/2099'; --主机执行： CREATE ENDPOINT Endpoint_Mirroring STATE = STARTED AS TCP ( LISTENER_PORT=5022 , LISTENER_IP = ALL ) FOR DATABASE_MIRRORING ( AUTHENTICATION = CERTIFICATE HOST_A_cert , ENCRYPTION = REQUIRED ALGORITHM AES , ROLE = ALL ); --主机执行： BACKUP CERTIFICATE HOST_A_cert TO FILE = 'D:HOST_A_cert.cer';08R205(Mirror) 上运行下面的脚本：
--备机执行： USE master; CREATE MASTER KEY ENCRYPTION BY PASSWORD ='123456abc'; CREATE CERTIFICATE HOST_B_cert WITH SUBJECT = 'HOST_B certificate', START_DATE = '11/08/2010',EXPIRY_DATE = '10/31/2099'; --备机执行： CREATE ENDPOINT Endpoint_Mirroring STATE = STARTED AS TCP ( LISTENER_PORT=5022 , LISTENER_IP = ALL ) FOR DATABASE_MIRRORING ( AUTHENTICATION = CERTIFICATE HOST_B_cert , ENCRYPTION = REQUIRED ALGORITHM AES , ROLE = ALL ); --备机执行： BACKUP CERTIFICATE HOST_B_cert TO FILE = 'D:HOST_B_cert.cer';08R201(WITNESS) 上运行下面的脚本：
--见证机执行 USE master; CREATE MASTER KEY ENCRYPTION BY PASSWORD ='123456abc'; CREATE CERTIFICATE HOST_W_cert WITH SUBJECT = 'HOST_W certificate', START_DATE = '11/08/2010',EXPIRY_DATE = '10/31/2099'; --见证机执行 CREATE ENDPOINT Endpoint_Mirroring STATE = STARTED AS TCP ( LISTENER_PORT=5022 , LISTENER_IP = ALL ) FOR DATABASE_MIRRORING ( AUTHENTICATION = CERTIFICATE HOST_W_cert , ENCRYPTION = REQUIRED ALGORITHM AES , ROLE = ALL ); --见证机执行 BACKUP CERTIFICATE HOST_W_cert TO FILE = 'D:HOST_W_cert.cer';- 交换证书
将HOST_B_cert.cer和HOST_W_cert.cer拷贝到 08R202 机器的”D:Cert“目录；
将HOST_A_cert.cer和HOST_W_cert.cer拷贝到 08R205 机器的”D:Cert“目录；
将HOST_A_cert.cer和HOST_B_cert.cer拷贝到 08R201 机器的”D:Cert“目录；
08R202(Master) 上运行下面的脚本：
--Master CREATE LOGIN HOST_B_login WITH PASSWORD = '123abc!@#'; CREATEUSER HOST_B_user FOR LOGIN HOST_B_login; CREATE CERTIFICATE HOST_B_certAUTHORIZATION HOST_B_user FROM FILE = 'D:CertHOST_B_cert.cer'; GRANTCONNECT ON ENDPOINT::Endpoint_Mirroring TO [HOST_B_login]; CREATE LOGIN HOST_W_login WITH PASSWORD = '123abc!@#'; CREATE USER HOST_W_user FORLOGIN HOST_W_login; CREATE CERTIFICATE HOST_W_cert AUTHORIZATIONHOST_W_user FROM FILE = 'D:CertHOST_W_cert.cer'; GRANT CONNECT ONENDPOINT::Endpoint_Mirroring TO [HOST_W_login];08R205(Mirror) 上运行下面的脚本：
--Mirror CREATE LOGIN HOST_A_login WITH PASSWORD = '123abc!@#'; CREATEUSER HOST_A_user FOR LOGIN HOST_A_login; CREATE CERTIFICATE HOST_A_certAUTHORIZATION HOST_A_user FROM FILE = 'D:CertHOST_A_cert.cer'; GRANTCONNECT ON ENDPOINT::Endpoint_Mirroring TO [HOST_A_login]; CREATE LOGIN HOST_W_login WITH PASSWORD = '123abc!@#'; CREATE USER HOST_W_user FORLOGIN HOST_W_login; CREATE CERTIFICATE HOST_W_cert AUTHORIZATIONHOST_W_user FROM FILE = 'D:CertHOST_W_cert.cer'; GRANT CONNECT ONENDPOINT::Endpoint_Mirroring TO [HOST_W_login];08R201(WITNESS) 上运行下面的脚本：
--WITNESS CREATE LOGIN HOST_A_login WITH PASSWORD = '123abc!@#'; CREATEUSER HOST_A_user FOR LOGIN HOST_A_login; CREATE CERTIFICATE HOST_A_certAUTHORIZATION HOST_A_user FROM FILE = 'D:CertHOST_A_cert.cer'; GRANTCONNECT ON ENDPOINT::Endpoint_Mirroring TO [HOST_A_login]; CREATE LOGIN HOST_B_login WITH PASSWORD = '123abc!@#'; CREATE USER HOST_B_user FORLOGIN HOST_B_login; CREATE CERTIFICATE HOST_B_cert AUTHORIZATIONHOST_B_user FROM FILE = 'D:CertHOST_B_cert.cer'; GRANT CONNECT ONENDPOINT::Endpoint_Mirroring TO [HOST_B_login];- 备份还原数据库
08R202(Master) 上备份数据库：
BACKUP DATABASE RepTest TO DISK='D:tempRepTest.bak' BACKUP LOG RepTestTO DISK='D:tempRepTest.trn'将备份文件拷贝到 08R205(Mirror) 上做还原（最好以SA帐号登录，使得数据库所有者为”SA“）：
--RESTORE RESTORE DATABASE RepTest FROM DISK = N'D:RepTest.bak' WITHFILE = 1, MOVE N'RepTest' TO N'D:DataRepTest.mdf', MOVE N'RepTest_log'TO N'D:DataRepTest_log.ldf', NORECOVERY, NOUNLOAD, STATS = 10 GORESTORE LOG RepTest FROM DISK ='D:RepTest.trn' WITH NORECOVERY- 建立镜像
在08R205(Mirror) 上执行：
--Mirror ALTER DATABASE RepTest SET PARTNER ='TCP://192.168.56.102:5022';在 08R202(Master)上执行：
ALTER DATABASE RepTest SET PARTNER = 'TCP://192.168.56.105:5022'; ALTERDATABASE RepTest SET WITNESS = 'TCP://192.168.56.101:5022'; ALTERDATABASE RepTest SET SAFETY FULL到此，镜像已经建立完成。
配置Replication（事务型复制）
Replicaiton不做具体的搭建过程，只做几点说明：
1. 08R202和08R205都需要搭建到08R203的Distribution；
2. 08R202和08R205上的发布库的所有者必须为“SA”，否则切换会出现如下错误：The process could not execute ‘sp_replcmds’ on ‘WIN-08R205′.
3. 08R203分发机上配置文件需要做如下修改（配置故障转移Partner）：
--配置复制故障转移参数 --查看代理配置，在分发服务器运行 execsp_help_agent_profile --Agent_Type含义 --1 = Snapshot Agent; 2 = Log Reader Agent; 3 = Distribution Agent; --4 = Merge Agent; 9 = Queue Reader Agent. --对于事务复制，需查看Agent_Type=1,2的Profile_id --对于事务复制，需要配置快照代理(Snapshot Agent)和日志读取代理(Log Reader Agent) execsp_add_agent_parameter @profile_id = 1, @parameter_name = N'-PublisherFailoverPartner', @parameter_value = N'WIN-08R205'--镜像服务器名称 exec sp_add_agent_parameter @profile_id = 2, @parameter_name = N'-PublisherFailoverPartner', @parameter_value = N'WIN-08R205'--镜像服务器名称修改完成后，记得重启Agent服务，使之生效。
4. 从08R202创建到08R204的同步链。
模拟故障转移并观察结果
1. 暂停08R202的SQLServer服务；
2. 到08R205上观察镜像和同步链是否转移过去了；
3. 如果同步链正常，修改某个表中的数据，看是否能同步到08R204上；
4. 重新启动08R202的SQLServer服务，看其是否成为了镜像机；
5. 如果一起都正常，那恭喜啦，我们的测试成功。