《Experiment with MATLAB》读书笔记（十一）

读书笔记（十一）

% 这是第十一部分GUI，通过一个游戏展示 function tictactoe(job) % 井字棋游戏以及变形 % 游戏1是在1至9中最先连续选择三个数和为15者胜利

% 游戏2就是经典的井字棋游戏形式

% 游戏3展示了为什么其实是一个游戏

% 最初定义的变量是 X, game, B, and job. % X 是个3阶矩阵，其中 X(i,j) 表示玩家操作 % -1 表示蓝色选择, % 0 表示没被选, % +1 表示绿色选择. % game 就是游戏类型1,2,3. % B 是个三阶矩阵用来获取鼠标点击. % job 表示初始化以及后续玩家. if nargin == 0 X = zeros(3,3); game = 1; B = buttons; job = ''; else [X,game,B] = getgame; end switch job case 'green' [i,j] = find(gcbo == B); if winner(X) || X(i,j) return end X(i,j) = 1; savegame(X,game,B) tictactoe('blue') return case 'blue' if winner(X) return end [i,j] = strategy(X,-1); X(i,j) = -1; case 'game' game = mod(game,3)+1; case 'start' X = zeros(3,3); case 'exit' close(gcf) return end savegame(X,game,B) % ------------------------ function p = winner(X) % p = winner(X) 返回游戏赢家 % p = 0, 没人赢, % p = -1, 蓝色赢, % p = 1, 绿色赢, % p = 2, 平局. for p = [-1 1] s = 3*p; win = any(sum(X) == s) || any(sum(X,2) == s) || ... sum(diag(X)) == s || sum(diag(fliplr(X))) == s; % any(一个矩阵)只要列中有一个不是0就返回真 if win return end end p = 2*all(X(:) ~= 0); % all(一个矩阵)列中所有均不是0才返回真 % ------------------------ function [i,j] = winningmove(X,p) % [i,j] 返回计算机为了赢的选择. s = 2*p; % find(逻辑判断)返回矩阵元素下标 % diag(方阵)返回对角线元素 % fliplr(矩阵)返回左右翻折之后的矩阵 if any(sum(X) == s) j = find(sum(X) == s); i = find(X(:,j) == 0); elseif any(sum(X,2) == s) i = find(sum(X,2) == s); j = find(X(i,:) == 0); elseif sum(diag(X)) == s i = find(diag(X) == 0); j = i; elseif sum(diag(fliplr(X))) == s i = find(diag(fliplr(X)) == 0); j = 4 - i; else i = []; j = []; end % ------------------------ function [i,j] = strategy(X,p) % [i,j] 返回计算机的选择. % 思考0.5秒. pause(0.5) % 如果可以就往可以赢的地方. [i,j] = winningmove(X,p); % 封锁对手赢的机会. if isempty(i) [i,j] = winningmove(X,-p); end % 否则就随机. if isempty(i) [i,j] = find(X == 0); m = ceil(rand*length(i)); % 取整 i = i(m); j = j(m); end % ------------------------ function B = buttons % 初始化按钮与数字. clf shg % 打开图形界面 set(gcf,'menubar','none','numbertitle','off','name','Tictactoe') B = zeros(3,3); M = magic(3); for k = 1:9 [i,j] = find(k == M); B(i,j) = uicontrol('style','pushbutton','units','normal', ... 'fontsize',16,'callback','tictactoe(''green'')'); % 按钮 end uicontrol('style','text','units','normal','pos',[0.30 0.82 0.40 0.10], ... 'fontsize',20,'background',get(gcf,'color'),'tag','toptext'); uicontrol('style','text','units','normal','pos',[0.20 0.72 0.60 0.10], ... 'fontsize',10,'background',get(gcf,'color'),'tag','toptext','string', ... ['Pick single digit numbers. Each digit can be chosen only once. ' ... 'Generate a total of 15 using exactly three digits.']) uicontrol('style','pushbutton','units','normal','string','Game', ... 'fontsize',12,'position',[.23 .12 .15 .07], ... 'callback','tictactoe(''game'')'); % 游戏按钮 uicontrol('style','pushbutton','units','normal','string','Start', ... 'fontsize',12,'position',[.43 .12 .15 .07], ... 'callback','tictactoe(''start'')'); % 开始按钮 uicontrol('style','pushbutton','units','normal','string','Exit', ... 'fontsize',12,'position',[.63 .12 .15 .07], ... 'callback','tictactoe(''exit'')'); % 退出按钮 % ------------------------ function [X,game,B] = getgame % 恢复游戏状态. ud = get(gcf,'userdata'); X = ud{1}; game = ud{2}; B = ud{3}; % ------------------------ function savegame(X,game,B) % 更新游戏显示. M = magic(3); for k = 1:9 [i,j] = find(k == M); switch game case 1 % 游戏1 pos = [0.10*k-0.055 0.50 0.10 0.1333]; str = int2str(k); case 2 % 井字棋 pos = [0.10*j+0.25 0.1333*(4-i)+0.17 0.10 0.1333]; str = ''; case 3 % 游戏3 pos = [0.10*j+0.25 0.1333*(4-i)+0.17 0.10 0.1333]; str = int2str(k); end switch X(i,j) case -1 bg = 'blue'; case 0 bg = 'white'; case 1 bg = 'green'; end set(B(i,j),'position',pos,'string',str,'background',bg) end T = flipud(findobj(gcf,'tag','toptext')); % flipud(矩阵)上下颠倒 % findobj搜索属性值特定的对象句柄 set(T(2),'visible','off') switch winner(X) case 0, switch game case 1, set(T(1),'string','Pick15') set(T(2),'visible','on') case 2, set(T(1),'string','TicTacToe') case 3, set(T(1),'string','Magic3') end case -1, set(T(1),'string','Blue wins') case 1, set(T(1),'string','Green wins') case 2, set(T(1),'string','Draw') end set(gcf,'userdata',{X,game,B}) % userdata用来存储GUI使用时的变量