Ansible 常用模块详细介绍

老七Linux

发布于 2018-05-31 12:44:54

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发布于 2018-05-31 12:44:54

文章被收录于专栏：Laoqi's Linux运维专列Laoqi's Linux运维专列

Ansible模块的学习已经是很久的事情了，今天正好周末，来图书馆整理下资料！

常用模块(module_name)：

ping 模块：测试连通性

[[email protected] ~]# ansible all -m ping 
172.16.1.8 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}
172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}
172.16.1.31 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}

连接正常返回 ping 通过帮助信息可以获得 ↓

通过 ansible-doc -v ping 可以获得该模块的说明

ansible-doc -s file 参看模块的具体信息

[[email protected] ~]# ansible-doc -v ping
Using /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg as config file
> PING    (/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/ansible/modules/system/ping.py)

  A trivial test module, this module always returns `pong' on successful contact. It does not make sense in playbooks, but it is useful from `/usr/bin/ansible' to verify the ability to login and that a usable  python is configured. This is NOT ICMP ping, this is just a trivial test module.

command 模块: 默认模块

不指定模块的时候默认使用的模块就是command ↓

[[email protected] ~]# ansible all -a "date"
172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
Thu Oct 19 17:12:15 CST 2017

172.16.1.31 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
Thu Oct 19 17:12:15 CST 2017

172.16.1.8 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
Thu Oct 19 17:12:15 CST 2017

使用ansible自带模块执行命令如果要用 > < | & ‘ ‘ 使用shell 模块, command是不支持管道符之类的。

[[email protected] ~]# ansible all -m command -a "date"
172.16.1.8 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
Thu Oct 19 17:12:27 CST 2017

172.16.1.31 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
Thu Oct 19 17:12:28 CST 2017

172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
Thu Oct 19 17:12:27 CST 2017

chdir 参数的使用：

[[email protected] ~]# ansible web -m command -a "chdir=/tmp pwd"
172.16.1.31 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
/tmp

172.16.1.8 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
/tmp

172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
/tmp

creates 文件是否存在，不存在就执行命令

[[email protected] ~]# ansible web -m command -a "creates=/etc/hosts date"
172.16.1.31 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
skipped, since /etc/hosts exists

removes 文件是否存在，不存在就不执行命令，

[[email protected] ~]# ansible web -m command -a "removes=/etc/hosts date"
172.16.1.31 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
Fri Oct 20 13:32:40 CST 2017

shell 模块：万能模块

执行linux命令时可以用

远程节点执行命令

说明： shell 模块在远程执行脚本时，远程主机上一定要有相应的脚本

[[email protected] ~]# ansible web -m shell -a "/bin/sh /server/scripts/ssh-key.sh"
172.16.1.31 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
fenfa 172.16.1.31 [  OK  ]

fenfa 172.16.1.41 [  OK  ]

fenfa 172.16.1.8 [  OK  ]

script 模块：执行脚本模块

执行本地脚本，将脚本的输出结果输出到远程节点上，例如执行一个脚本输出的结果是把时间写入到tmp目录下的一个txt文档中，执行后，远程的机器/tmp/目录下面就会有个txt的文档！！

[[email protected] ~]# ansible all -m script -a "/server/scripts/free.sh"
172.16.1.8 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true,
    "rc": 0,
    "stderr": "Shared connection to 172.16.1.8 closed.\r\n",
    "stdout": "             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached\r\nMem:          474M       377M        97M       532K        54M       202M\r\n-/+ buffers/cache:       120M       354M\r\nSwap:         767M         0B       767M\r\n",
    "stdout_lines": [
        "             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached",
        "Mem:          474M       377M        97M       532K        54M       202M",
        "-/+ buffers/cache:       120M       354M",
        "Swap:         767M         0B       767M"
    ]
}

说明：

使用scripts模块，不用将脚本传输到远程节点，脚本本身不用进行授权，即可利用script模块执行。直接执行脚本即可，不需要使用sh

copy模块：把本地文件发送到远端

常用参数：

说明： src和content不能同时使用

copy常用命令参数测试

使用copy 模块，将/etc/hosts 文件传输到各个服务器送，权限修改为0600 属主属组为root

[[email protected] ~]# ansible web -m copy -a "src=/etc/hosts dest=/tmp/ mode=0600 owner=root group=root "
172.16.1.8 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true,
    "checksum": "b3c1ab140a1265cd7f6de9175a962988d93c629b",
    "dest": "/tmp/hosts",
    "gid": 500,
    "group": "root",
    "md5sum": "8c2b120b4742a806dcfdc8cfff6b6308",
    "mode": "0600",
    "owner": "root",
    "size": 357,
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1508410846.63-224022812989166/source",
    "state": "file",
    "uid": 500
}
……

检查结果

[[email protected] ~]# ansible all -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/hosts"
172.16.1.31 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
-rw------- 1 root root 357 Oct 19 19:00 /tmp/hosts

172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
-rw------- 1 root root 357 Oct 11 15:12 /tmp/hosts

172.16.1.8 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
-rw------- 1 root root 357 Oct 19 19:00 /tmp/hosts

移动远程主机上的文件 remote_src=true 参数

[[email protected] ~]# ansible web -m copy -a " src=/server/scripts/ssh-key.sh  dest=/tmp/ remote_src=true"
172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true,
    "checksum": "d27bd683bd37e15992d2493b50c9410e0f667c9c",
    "dest": "/tmp/ssh-key.sh",
    "gid": 0,
    "group": "root",
    "md5sum": "dc88a3a419e3657bae7d3ef31925cbde",
    "mode": "0644",
    "owner": "root",
    "size": 397,
    "src": "/server/scripts/ssh-key.sh",
    "state": "file",
    "uid": 0
}

定义文件中的内容 content=okay686.cn 默认没有换行

[[email protected] ~]# ansible web -m copy -a "content=okay686.cn dest=/tmp/okay686.txt"
172.16.1.8 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true,
    "checksum": "291694840cd9f9c464263ea9b13421d8e74b7d00",
    "dest": "/tmp/okay686.txt",
    "gid": 0,
    "group": "root",
    "md5sum": "0a6bb40847793839366d0ac014616d69",
    "mode": "0644",
    "owner": "root",
    "size": 13,
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1508466752.1-24733562369639/source",
    "state": "file",
    "uid": 0
}

file模块: 设置文件属性

常用参数：

注意：重命名和创建多级目录不能同时实现

创建目录

[[email protected] ~]# ansible web -m file -a "dest=/tmp/okay686_dir state=directory"
172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true,
    "gid": 0,
    "group": "root",
    "mode": "0755",
    "owner": "root",
    "path": "/tmp/okay686_dir",
    "size": 4096,
    "state": "directory",
    "uid": 0
}

创建文件

[[email protected] ~]# ansible web -m file -a "dest=/tmp/okay686_file state=touch"
172.16.1.8 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true,
    "dest": "/tmp/okay686_file",
    "gid": 0,
    "group": "root",
    "mode": "0644",
    "owner": "root",
    "size": 0,
    "state": "file",
    "uid": 0
}

创建软连接

[[email protected] ~]# ansible web -m file -a "src=/tmp/okay686_file dest=/tmp/okay686_file_link state=link"
172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true,
    "dest": "/tmp/okay686_file_link",
    "gid": 0,
    "group": "root",
    "mode": "0777",
    "owner": "root",
    "size": 16,
    "src": "/tmp/okay686_file",
    "state": "link",
    "uid": 0
}

删除目录文件信息

[[email protected] ~]# ansible web -m file -a "dest=/tmp/okay686_dir state=absent"
172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true,
    "path": "/tmp/okay686",
    "state": "absent"

[[email protected] ~]# ansible web -m file -a "dest=/tmp/okay686_file state=absent"
172.16.1.31 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true,
    "path": "/tmp/okay686_file",
    "state": "absent"

创建多级目录（当然不要忘记shell）

[[email protected] ~]# ansible web -m copy -a "src=/etc/hosts dest=/tmp/01/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/"
172.16.1.31 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true,
    "checksum": "b3c1ab140a1265cd7f6de9175a962988d93c629b",
    "dest": "/tmp/01/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/hosts",
    "gid": 0,
    "group": "root",
    "md5sum": "8c2b120b4742a806dcfdc8cfff6b6308",
    "mode": "0644",
    "owner": "root",
    "size": 357,
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1508466973.39-99676412390473/source",
    "state": "file",
    "uid": 0
}

注意：重命名和创建多级目录不能同时实现

fetch 模块：拉取文件

常用参数：

从远程拉取出来文件

[root@m01 cp]# ansible web -m fetch -a "dest=/tmp/backup src=/etc/hosts"
172.16.1.8 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true,
    "checksum": "b3c1ab140a1265cd7f6de9175a962988d93c629b",
    "dest": "/tmp/backup/172.16.1.8/etc/hosts",
    "md5sum": "8c2b120b4742a806dcfdc8cfff6b6308",
    "remote_checksum": "b3c1ab140a1265cd7f6de9175a962988d93c629b",
    "remote_md5sum": null
}

[[email protected] cp]# tree /tmp/backup/
/tmp/backup/
├── 172.16.1.31
│   └── etc
│       └── hosts
├── 172.16.1.41
│   └── etc
│       └── hosts
└── 172.16.1.8
    └── etc
        └── hosts

flat 参数，拉取的时候不创建目录（同名文件会覆盖）

[[email protected] tmp]# ansible web -m fetch -a "dest=/tmp/backup/ src=/etc/hosts flat=yes"
172.16.1.8 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false,
    "checksum": "b3c1ab140a1265cd7f6de9175a962988d93c629b",
    "dest": "/tmp/backup/hosts",
    "file": "/etc/hosts",
    "md5sum": "8c2b120b4742a806dcfdc8cfff6b6308"

mount模块：配置挂载点模块

常用参数：

挂载

[[email protected] tmp]# ansible 172.16.1.8 -m mount -a "fstype=nfs opts=rw path=/mnt/  src=172.16.1.31:/data/ state=mounted"
172.16.1.8 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true,
    "dump": "0",
    "fstab": "/etc/fstab",
    "fstype": "nfs",
    "name": "/mnt/",
    "opts": "rw",
 "passno": "0",
  "src": "172.16.1.31:/data/"
}

卸载

[[email protected] tmp]# ansible 172.16.1.8 -m mount -a "fstype=nfs opts=rw path=/mnt/  src=172.16.1.31:/data/ state=unmounted"
172.16.1.8 | SUCCESS => {
   "changed": true,
    "dump": "0",
    "fstab": "/etc/fstab",
    "fstype": "nfs",
    "name": "/mnt/",
    "opts": "rw",
    "passno": "0",
    "src": "172.16.1.31:/data/"
}

cron模块：定时任务

常用参数：

添加定时任务

[[email protected] ~]# ansible web -m cron -a "minute=0 hour=0 job='/bin/sh  /server/scripts/hostname.sh &>/dev/null' name=okay686"
172.16.1.8 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true,
    "envs": [],
    "jobs": [
     "okay686"
    ]
}

删除定时任务

只用名字就可以删除

[[email protected] ~]# ansible web -m cron -a "name=okay686  state=absent"
172.16.1.31 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true,
    "envs": [],
    "jobs": []
}

注释定时任务

注意：注释定时任务的时候必须有job的参数

[[email protected] ~]# ansible web -m cron -a "name=okay686 job='/bin/sh  /server/scripts/hostname.sh &>/dev/null'  disabled=yes"
172.16.1.31 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true,
    "envs": [],
    "jobs": [
    "okay686"
    ]
}

取消注释

[[email protected] ~]# ansible web -m cron -a "name=okay686 job='/bin/sh  /server/scripts/hostname.sh &>/dev/null'  disabled=no"
172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true,
    "envs": [],
   "jobs": [
       "okay686"
    ]
}

yum 模块

常用参数：

[[email protected] ~]# ansible web -m yum -a "name=nmap state=installed  "
172.16.1.31 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true,
    "msg": "",
    "rc": 0,
    "results": [
        "Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security\nSetting up Install Process\nLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile\n * base: mirrors.aliyun.com\n * epel: mirrors.aliyun.com\n * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com\n * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com\nResolving Dependencies\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package nmap.x86_64 2:5.51-6.el6 will be installed\n--> Finished Dependency Resolution\n\nDependencies Resolved\n\n================================================================================\n Package        Arch             Version                   Repository      Size\n================================================================================\nInstalling:\n nmap           x86_64           2:5.51-6.el6              base           2.8 M\n\nTransaction Summary\n================================================================================\nInstall       1 Package(s)\n\nTotal download size: 2.8 M\nInstalled size: 9.7 M\nDownloading Packages:\nRunning rpm_check_debug\nRunning Transaction Test\nTransaction Test Succeeded\nRunning Transaction\n\r  Installing : 2:nmap-5.51-6.el6.x86_64                                     1/1 \n\r  Verifying  : 2:nmap-5.51-6.el6.x86_64                                     1/1 \n\nInstalled:\n  nmap.x86_64 2:5.51-6.el6                                                      \n\nComplete!\n"
    ]
}

service模块：服务管理

常用参数：

说明：service 管理的服务必须存在在/etc/init.d/下有的服务脚本

重启定时任务

[[email protected] ~]# ansible web -m service -a "name=crond state=restarted"
172.16.1.8 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true,
    "name": "crond",
    "state": "started"
}

其他模块补充

hostname：修改主机名模块

[[email protected] ~]# ansible 172.16.1.8 -m hostname -a "name=web01"
172.16.1.8 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "ansible_domain": "etiantian.org",
        "ansible_fqdn": "www.etiantian.org",
       "ansible_hostname": "web01",
        "ansible_nodename": "web01"
    },
    "changed": false,
    "name": "web01"
}

selinux：管理模块

[[email protected] ~]# ansible 172.16.1.8 -m selinux -a "state=disabled"
172.16.1.8 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false,
    "configfile": "/etc/selinux/config",
    "msg": "",
    "policy": "targeted",
    "state": "disabled"
}

get_url 模块 == 【wget】

[[email protected] ~]# ansible 172.16.1.8 -m get_url -a "url=http://lan.Okay686.com/RDPWrap-v1.6.1.zip dest=/tmp/"
172.16.1.8 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true,
    "checksum_dest": null,
    "checksum_src": "ad402705624d06a6ff4b5a6a98c55fc2453b3a70",
    "dest": "/tmp/RDPWrap-v1.6.1.zip",
    "gid": 0,
    "group": "root",
    "md5sum": "b04dde546293ade71287071d187ed92d",
    "mode": "0644",
    "msg": "OK (1567232 bytes)",
    "owner": "root",
    "size": 1567232,
    "src": "/tmp/tmp4X4Von",
    "state": "file",
    "status_code": 200,
    "uid": 0,
    "url": "http://lan.Okay686.com/RDPWrap-v1.6.1.zip"
}


url= 下载文件的地址   dest= 下载到哪里

timeout 超时时间

url_password 密码

url_username 用户名

总结：

ok，如上就是参照之前的笔记+internet整理而来的ansible常用模块介绍！

需多加练习方可体会其中之奥秘！！

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原始发表：2017/12/17，如有侵权请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除

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