Graphviz4S ---- 在Scala中使用DOT语言绘图的开源工具
原创Graphviz4S ---- 在Scala中使用DOT语言绘图的开源工具
原创
Ldpe2G
发布于 2018-06-21 15:43:48
发布于 2018-06-21 15:43:48
前言
之前需要在Scala中用到类似python的graphviz库的功能，用来在Mxnet中可视化网络结构，
但是在网上搜索了一下，没有找到好用的库，所以就自己去把python的graphviz库中的主要功
能用Scala实现了一下，尽量的保持接口和python库的一致，也方便从python移植相关的代码
到Scala，然后我把这个小项目开源了，地址是Graphviz4S，有兴趣的朋友可以去试用一下。
接下来我会结合代码，用几个例子来介绍如何使用这个小工具。
正文
接下来我会通过几个例子介绍Grapphviz4S，例子参考自这篇博客。
1、简单例子
1.1、简单图例
首先来看第一个例子，Scala代码如下：
import com.liangdp.graphviz4s.Graph
val dot = new Graph(name = "graphname")
dot.edges(Array(
("a", "b"),
("b", "c"),
("b", "d"),
("d", "a")
))
println(dot.source())
// graph graphname {
// a -- b
// b -- c
// b -- d
// d -- a
// }
dot.render(fileName = "graphname.gv", directory = ".", view = true)生成的结果如下：
1.2、简单图例2
第二个例子和上面的一样，但是布局不同，Scala代码如下：
import com.liangdp.graphviz4s.Graph
val dot = new Graph(name = "graphname")
dot.body += "\t\trankdir=LR //Rank Direction Left to Right"
dot.edges(Array(
("a", "b"),
("b", "c"),
("b", "d"),
("d", "a")
))
println(dot.source())
// graph graphname {
// rankdir=LR //Rank Direction Left to Right
// a -- b
// b -- c
// b -- d
// d -- a
// }
dot.render(fileName = "graphname.gv", directory = ".", view = true)生成的结果如下：
1.3、简单有向图
第三个例子是一个简单的有向图，Scala代码如下：
import com.liangdp.graphviz4s.Digraph
val dot = new Digraph(name = "graphname")
dot.edges(Array(
("a", "b"),
("b", "c"),
("a", "c")
))
println(dot.source())
// digraph graphname {
// a -> b
// b -> c
// a -> c
// }
dot.render(fileName = "graphname.gv", directory = ".", view = true)生成的结果如下：
1.4、带标签的简单有向图
第四个例子给有向图的边加上标签，对应的Scala代码如下：
import com.liangdp.graphviz4s.Digraph
val dot = new Digraph(name = "graphname")
dot.node(name = "T", label = "Teacher")
dot.node(name = "P", label = "Pupil")
import scala.collection.mutable.Map
dot.edge(tailName = "T", headName = "P", label = "Instructions",
attrs = Map("fontcolor" -> "darkgreen"))
println(dot.source())
// digraph graphname {
// "T" [label="Teacher" ]
// "P" [label="Pupil" ]
// T -> P [label="Instructions" fontcolor=darkgreen]
// }
dot.render(fileName = "graphname.gv", directory = ".", view = true)生成的结果如下：
1.5、总结
Scala代码：
import com.liangdp.graphviz4s.Digraph
val dot = new Digraph(name = "summary")
dot.node(name = "start", label = "Start with a Node")
import scala.collection.mutable.Map
dot.node(name = "next", label = "Choose your shape", attrs = Map("shape" -> "box"))
dot.node(name = "warning", label = "Don't go overboard",
attrs = Map("color" -> "Blue", "fontcolor" -> "Red", "fontsize" -> "24",
"style" -> "filled", "fillcolor" -> "green", "shape" -> "octagon"))
dot.node(name = "end", label = "Draw your graph!",
attrs = Map("shape" -> "box", "style" -> "filled", "fillcolor" -> "yellow"))
dot.edge(tailName = "start", headName = "next")
dot.edge(tailName = "start", headName = "warning")
dot.edge(tailName = "next", headName = "end", label = "Getting Better...")
println(dot.source())
// digraph summary {
// "start" [label="Start with a Node" ]
// "next" [label="Choose your shape" shape=box]
// "warning" [label="Don't go overboard" fontsize=24 color=Blue fillcolor=green shape=octagon fontcolor=Red style=filled]
// "end" [label="Draw your graph!" fillcolor=yellow shape=box style=filled]
// start -> next []
// start -> warning []
// next -> end [label="Getting Better..." ]
// }
dot.render(fileName = "graphname.gv", directory = ".", view = true)生成的结果如下：
2、高级例子
2.1、少写一点代码
单独地去定义每一个节点的属性很浪费时间，下面这个技巧能够让你coding的速度快一点。
Scala代码如下：
import com.liangdp.graphviz4s.Digraph
val dot = new Digraph(name = "hierarchy")
// increases the separation between nodes
dot.body += "\tnodesep=1.0"
import scala.collection.mutable.Map
//All nodes will this shape and colour
dot.attr("node", attrs =
Map("color" -> "Red", "fontname" -> "Courier", "shape" -> "box"))
//All the lines look like this
dot.attr("edge", attrs = Map("color" -> "Blue", "style" -> "dashed"))
dot.edges("Headteacher", Array("Deputy1", "Deputy2", "BusinessManager"))
dot.edges("Deputy1", Array("Teacher1", "Teacher2"))
dot.edge("BusinessManager", "ITManager")
// Put them on the same level
dot.body += "\t{rank=same;ITManager Teacher1 Teacher2}"
println(dot.source())
// digraph hierarchy {
// nodesep=1.0
// node [ fontname=Courier color=Red shape=box]
// edge [ color=Blue style=dashed]
// Headteacher -> Deputy1
// Headteacher -> Deputy2
// Headteacher -> BusinessManager
// Deputy1 -> Teacher1
// Deputy1 -> Teacher2
// BusinessManager -> ITManager []
// {rank=same;ITManager Teacher1 Teacher2}
// }
dot.render(fileName = "graphname.gv", directory = ".", view = true)结果如下：
2.2、html
Scala代码如下：
import com.liangdp.graphviz4s.Digraph
val dot = new Digraph(name = "structs")
import scala.collection.mutable.Map
dot.attr("node", attrs = Map("shape" -> "record"))
dot.node("struct1", label = """"<f0> left|<f1> mid\ dle|<f2> right"""")
dot.node("struct2", label = """"{<f0> one|<f1> two\n\n\n}"""",
attrs = Map("shape" -> "Mrecord"))
dot.node("struct3", label = """"hello\nworld |{ b |{c|<here> d|e}| f}| g | h"""")
dot.edge("struct1:f1", "struct2:f0")
dot.edge("struct1:f0", "struct3:here")
println(dot.source())
// digraph structs {
// node [ shape=record]
// "struct1" [label="<f0> left|<f1> mid\ dle|<f2> right" ]
// "struct2" [label="{<f0> one|<f1> two\n\n\n}" shape=Mrecord]
// "struct3" [label="hello\nworld |{ b |{c|<here> d|e}| f}| g | h" ]
// struct1:f1 -> struct2:f0 []
// struct1:f0 -> struct3:here []
// }
dot.render(fileName = "graphname.gv", directory = ".", view = true)结果如下：
2.3、有限状态机
Scala代码如下：
import com.liangdp.graphviz4s.Digraph
val dot = new Digraph(name = "structs")
dot.body += "\trankdir=LR"
dot.body += s"""${"\t"}size="8,5""""
import scala.collection.mutable.Map
dot.attr("node", attrs = Map("shape" -> "circle"))
dot.edge(tailName = "S0", headName = "S1", label = """"Lift Nozzle"""")
dot.edge(tailName = "S1", headName = "S0", label = """"Replace Nozzle"""")
dot.edge(tailName = "S1", headName = "S2", label = """"Authorize Pump"""")
dot.edge(tailName = "S2", headName = "S0", label = """"Replace Nozzle"""")
dot.edge(tailName = "S2", headName = "S3", label = """"Pull Trigger"""")
dot.edge(tailName = "S3", headName = "S2", label = """"Release Trigger"""")
println(dot.source())
// digraph structs {
// rankdir=LR
// size="8,5"
// node [ shape=circle]
// S0 -> S1 [label="Lift Nozzle" ]
// S1 -> S0 [label="Replace Nozzle" ]
// S1 -> S2 [label="Authorize Pump" ]
// S2 -> S0 [label="Replace Nozzle" ]
// S2 -> S3 [label="Pull Trigger" ]
// S3 -> S2 [label="Release Trigger" ]
// }
dot.render(fileName = "graphname.gv", directory = ".", view = true)结果如下：
2.4、数据流示意图
Scala代码如下：
import com.liangdp.graphviz4s.Digraph
val dot = new Digraph(name = "dfd")
import scala.collection.mutable.Map
dot.attr("node", attrs = Map("shape" -> "record"))
dot.node("store1", label = """"<f0> left|<f1> Some data store"""")
dot.node("proc1", label = """"{<f0> 1.0|<f1> Some process here\n\n\n}"""",
attrs = Map("shape" -> "Mrecord"))
dot.node("enti1", label = "Customer",
attrs = Map("shape" -> "box"))
dot.edge(tailName = "store1:f1", headName = "proc1:f0")
dot.edge(tailName = "enti1", headName = "proc1:f0")
println(dot.source())
// digraph dfd {
// node [ shape=record]
// "store1" [label="<f0> left|<f1> Some data store" ]
// "proc1" [label="{<f0> 1.0|<f1> Some process here\n\n\n}" shape=Mrecord]
// "enti1" [label="Customer" shape=box]
// store1:f1 -> proc1:f0 []
// enti1 -> proc1:f0 []
// }
dot.render(fileName = "graphname.gv", directory = ".", view = true)结果如下：
2.5、数据流示意图2
Scala代码如下：
import com.liangdp.graphviz4s.Digraph
val dot = new Digraph(name = "dfd2")
import scala.collection.mutable.Map
dot.attr("node", attrs = Map("shape" -> "record"))
val subgraph0 = new Digraph(name = "level0")
subgraph0.node("enti1", label = "Customer", Map("shape" -> "box"))
subgraph0.node("enti2", label = "Manager", Map("shape" -> "box"))
val subgraph1 = new Digraph(name = "cluster_level1")
subgraph1.body += s"""${"\t"}label ="Level 1""""
subgraph1.node("proc1", label = """"{<f0> 1.0|<f1> One process here\n\n\n}"""",
attrs = Map("shape" -> "Mrecord"))
subgraph1.node("proc2", label = """"{<f0> 2.0|<f1> Other process here\n\n\n}"""",
attrs = Map("shape" -> "Mrecord"))
subgraph1.node("store1", label = """"<f0> |<f1> Data store one"""")
subgraph1.node("store2", label = """"<f0> |<f1> Data store two"""")
subgraph1.body += "\t{rank=same; store1, store2}"
dot.subGraph(subgraph0)
dot.subGraph(subgraph1)
dot.edge("enti1", "proc1")
dot.edge("enti2", "proc2")
dot.edge("store1", "proc1")
dot.edge("store2", "proc2")
dot.edge("proc1", "store2")
dot.edge("store2", "proc1")
println(dot.source())
// digraph dfd2 {
// node [ shape=record]
// subgraph level0 {
// "enti1" [label="Customer" shape=box]
// "enti2" [label="Manager" shape=box]
// }
// subgraph cluster_level1 {
// label ="Level 1"
// "proc1" [label="{<f0> 1.0|<f1> One process here\n\n\n}" shape=Mrecord]
// "proc2" [label="{<f0> 2.0|<f1> Other process here\n\n\n}" shape=Mrecord]
// "store1" [label="<f0> |<f1> Data store one" ]
// "store2" [label="<f0> |<f1> Data store two" ]
// {rank=same; store1, store2}
// }
// enti1 -> proc1 []
// enti2 -> proc2 []
// store1 -> proc1 []
// store2 -> proc2 []
// proc1 -> store2 []
// store2 -> proc1 []
// }
dot.render(fileName = "graphname.gv", directory = ".", view = true)结果如下：
2.6、对象继承
Scala代码如下：
import com.liangdp.graphviz4s.Digraph
val dot = new Digraph(name = "obj")
import scala.collection.mutable.Map
dot.attr("node", attrs = Map("shape" -> "record"))
dot.body += s"""${"\t"}rankdir="BT""""
dot.node("teacher", label = """"{<f0> Teacher|<f1> \n |<f2> \n }"""")
dot.node("course", label = """"{<f0> Course|<f1> \n |<f2> \n }"""")
dot.node("student", label = """"{<f0> Student|<f1> \n |<f2> \n }"""")
dot.node("lesson", label = """"{<f0> Lesson |<f1> \n |<f2> \n }"""")
dot.node("tutorial", label = """"{<f0> Tutorial|<f1> \n |<f2> \n }"""")
dot.node("assessment", label = """"{<f0> Assessment|<f1> \n |<f2> \n }"""")
dot.node("coursework", label = """"{<f0> Coursework|<f1> \n |<f2> \n }"""")
dot.node("exam", label = """"{<f0> Exam|<f1> \n |<f2> \n }"""")
dot.body += "\t{rank=same; teacher course student}"
dot.edge("teacher", "course", attrs = Map("dir" -> "forward", "arrowhead" -> "none",
"arrowtail" -> "normal", "headlabel" -> """"1"""", "taillabel" -> """"1..""""))
dot.edge("student", "course", attrs = Map("dir" -> "forward", "arrowhead" -> "none",
"arrowtail" -> "normal", "headlabel" -> """"1"""", "taillabel" -> """"1..""""))
dot.edge("lesson", "course", attrs = Map("dir" -> "forward", "arrowhead" -> "diamond",
"arrowtail" -> "normal"))
dot.edge("tutorial", "course", attrs = Map("dir" -> "forward", "arrowhead" -> "diamond",
"arrowtail" -> "normal"))
dot.edge("assessment", "course", attrs = Map("dir" -> "forward", "arrowhead" -> "diamond",
"arrowtail" -> "normal"))
dot.edge("coursework", "assessment")
dot.edge("exam", "assessment")
println(dot.source())
// digraph obj {
// node [ shape=record]
// rankdir="BT"
// "teacher" [label="{<f0> Teacher|<f1> \n |<f2> \n }" ]
// "course" [label="{<f0> Course|<f1> \n |<f2> \n }" ]
// "student" [label="{<f0> Student|<f1> \n |<f2> \n }" ]
// "lesson" [label="{<f0> Lesson |<f1> \n |<f2> \n }" ]
// "tutorial" [label="{<f0> Tutorial|<f1> \n |<f2> \n }" ]
// "assessment" [label="{<f0> Assessment|<f1> \n |<f2> \n }" ]
// "coursework" [label="{<f0> Coursework|<f1> \n |<f2> \n }" ]
// "exam" [label="{<f0> Exam|<f1> \n |<f2> \n }" ]
// {rank=same; teacher course student}
// teacher -> course [ arrowtail=normal dir=forward taillabel="1.." arrowhead=none headlabel="1"]
// student -> course [ arrowtail=normal dir=forward taillabel="1.." arrowhead=none headlabel="1"]
// lesson -> course [ arrowtail=normal dir=forward arrowhead=diamond]
// tutorial -> course [ arrowtail=normal dir=forward arrowhead=diamond]
// assessment -> course [ arrowtail=normal dir=forward arrowhead=diamond]
// coursework -> assessment []
// exam -> assessment []
// }
dot.render(fileName = "graphname.gv", directory = ".", view = true)结果如下：
2.7、关系型实体
Scala代码如下：
import com.liangdp.graphviz4s.Digraph
val dot = new Digraph(name = "ER")
import scala.collection.mutable.Map
dot.attr("node", attrs = Map("shape" -> "box"))
dot.node("Book")
dot.node("Customer")
dot.node("Loan")
dot.body += "\t{rank=same;Book,Customer,Loan}"
dot.edge("Book", "Loan", attrs = Map("dir" -> "forward",
"arrowhead" -> "crow", "arrowtail" -> "normal"))
dot.edge("Customer", "Loan", attrs = Map("dir" -> "forward",
"arrowhead" -> "crow", "arrowtail" -> "normal"))
println(dot.source())
// digraph ER {
// node [ shape=box]
// "Book" []
// "Customer" []
// "Loan" []
// {rank=same;Book,Customer,Loan}
// Book -> Loan [ arrowtail=normal dir=forward arrowhead=crow]
// Customer -> Loan [ arrowtail=normal dir=forward arrowhead=crow]
// }
dot.render(fileName = "graphname.gv", directory = ".", view = true)结果：
结尾
通过以上例子的介绍，相信读者都能够了解如何使用这个小工具了，不过这个小工具还有很多
需要完善的地方，也欢迎感兴趣的朋友一起来完善它。
原创声明：本文系作者授权腾讯云开发者社区发表，未经许可，不得转载。
如有侵权，请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除。
原创声明：本文系作者授权腾讯云开发者社区发表，未经许可，不得转载。
如有侵权，请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除。
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