自定义View是Android开发中最普通的需求,灵活控制View的尺寸是开发者面临的第一个问题,比如,为什么明明使用的是WRAP_CONTENT却跟MATCH_PARENT表现相同。在处理View尺寸的时候,我们都知道最好在onMeasure中设定好自定义View尺寸,那么究竟如何合理的选择这个尺寸呢。直观来说,可能有以下问题需要考虑:
以上三个问题可能是自定义ViewGroup最需要考虑的问题,首先先解决第一个问题。
先假定,父容器是300dp*300dp的尺寸,如果子View的布局参数是
<!--场景1-->
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
那么按照我们的期望,希望子View的尺寸要是300dp*300dp,如果子View的布局参数是
<!--场景2-->
android:layout_width="100dp"
android:layout_height="100dp"
按照我们的期望,希望子View的尺寸要是100dp*100dp,如果子View的布局参数是
<!--场景3-->
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
按照我们的期望,希望子View的尺寸可以按照自己需求的尺寸来确定,但是最好不要超过300dp*300dp。
那么父容器怎么把这些要求告诉子View呢?MeasureSpec其实就是承担这种作用:MeasureSpec是父控件提供给子View的一个参数,作为设定自身大小参考,只是个参考,要多大,还是View自己说了算。先看下MeasureSpec的构成,MeasureSpec由size和mode组成,mode包括三种,UNSPECIFIED、EXACTLY、AT_MOST,size就是配合mode给出的参考尺寸,具体意义如下:
先来看一下ViewGroup源码中measureChild怎么为子View构造MeasureSpec的:
protected void measureChild(View child, int parentWidthMeasureSpec,
int parentHeightMeasureSpec) {
final LayoutParams lp = child.getLayoutParams();
final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,
mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight, lp.width);
final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,
mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom, lp.height);
child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
}
由于任何View都是支持Padding参数的,在为子View设置参考尺寸的时候,需要先把自己的Padding给去除,这同时也是为了Layout做铺垫。接着看如何getChildMeasureSpec获取传递给子View的MeasureSpec的:
public static int getChildMeasureSpec(int spec, int padding, int childDimension) {
int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(spec);
int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec);
int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding);
int resultSize = 0;
int resultMode = 0;
switch (specMode) {
// Parent has imposed an exact size on us
case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
if (childDimension >= 0) {
resultSize = childDimension;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
// Child wants to be our size. So be it.
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
// Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
// bigger than us.
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
}
break;
// Parent has imposed a maximum size on us
case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
if (childDimension >= 0) {
// Child wants a specific size... so be it
resultSize = childDimension;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
// Child wants to be our size, but our size is not fixed.
// Constrain child to not be bigger than us.
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
// Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
// bigger than us.
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
}
break;
// Parent asked to see how big we want to be
case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
if (childDimension >= 0) {
// Child wants a specific size... let him have it
resultSize = childDimension;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
// Child wants to be our size... find out how big it should
// be
resultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
// Child wants to determine its own size.... find out how
// big it should be
resultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
}
break;
}
return MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(resultSize, resultMode);
}
可以看到父控件会参考自己的MeasureSpec跟子View的布局参数,为子View构建合适的MeasureSpec,盗用网上的一张图来描述就是
MeasureSpec构建
当子View接收到父控件传递的MeasureSpec的时候,就可以知道父控件希望自己如何显示,这个点对于开发者而言就是onMeasure函数,先来看下View.java中onMeasure函数的实现:
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),
getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));
}
其中getSuggestedMinimumWidth是根据设置的背景跟最小尺寸得到一个备用的参考尺寸,接着看getDefaultSize,如下:
public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) {
int result = size;
int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);
switch (specMode) {
case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
result = size;
break;
case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
result = specSize;
break;
}
return result;
}
可以看到,如果自定义View没有重写onMeasure函数,MeasureSpec.AT_MOST跟MeasureSpec.AT_MOST的表现是一样的,也就是对于场景2跟3的表现其实是一样的,也就是wrap_content就跟match_parent一个效果,现在我们知道MeasureSpec的主要作用:父控件传递给子View的参考,那么子View拿到后该如何用呢?
接收到父控件传递的MeasureSpec后,View应该如何用来处理自己的尺寸呢?onMeasure是View测量尺寸最合理的时机,如果View不是ViewGroup相对就比较简单,只需要参照MeasureSpec,并跟自身需求来设定尺寸即可,默认onMeasure的就是完全按照父控件传递MeasureSpec设定自己的尺寸的。这里重点讲一下ViewGroup,为了获得合理的宽高尺寸,ViewGroup在计算自己尺寸的时候,必须预先知道所有子View的尺寸,举个例子,用一个常用的流式布局FlowLayout来讲解一下如何合理的设定自己的尺寸。
先分析一下FLowLayout流式布局(从左到右)的特点:FLowLayout将所有子View从左往右依次放置,如果当前行,放不开的就换行。从流失布局的特点来看,在确定FLowLayout尺寸的时候,我们需要知道下列信息,
首先看父容器传递给FlowLayout的MeasureSpec,对开发者而言,它可见于onMeasure函数,是通过onMeasure的参数传递进来的,它的意义上面的已经说过了,现在来看,怎么用比较合理?其实ViewGroup.java源码中也提供了比较简洁的方法,有两个比较常用的measureChildren跟resolveSize,在之前的分析中我们知道measureChildren会调用getChildMeasureSpec为子View创建MeasureSpec,并通过measureChild测量每个子View的尺寸。那么resolveSize呢,看下面源码,resolveSize(int size, int measureSpec)的两个输入参数,第一个参数:size,是View自身希望获取的尺寸,第二参数:measureSpec,其实父控件传递给View,推荐View获取的尺寸,resolveSize就是综合考量两个参数,最后给一个建议的尺寸:
public static int resolveSize(int size, int measureSpec) {
return resolveSizeAndState(size, measureSpec, 0) & MEASURED_SIZE_MASK;
}
public static int resolveSizeAndState(int size, int measureSpec, int childMeasuredState) {
final int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
final int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);
final int result;
switch (specMode) {
case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
if (specSize < size) {
result = specSize | MEASURED_STATE_TOO_SMALL;
} else {
result = size;
}
break;
case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
result = specSize;
break;
case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
default:
result = size;
}
return result | (childMeasuredState & MEASURED_STATE_MASK);
}
可以看到:
对于FlowLayout,可以假设每个子View都可以充满FlowLayout,因此,可以直接用measureChildren测量所有的子View的尺寸:
@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
int widthSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
int paddingLeft = getPaddingLeft();
int paddingRight = getPaddingRight();
int paddingBottom = getPaddingBottom();
int paddingTop = getPaddingTop();
int count = getChildCount();
int maxWidth = 0;
int totalHeight = 0;
int lineWidth = 0;
int lineHeight = 0;
int extraWidth = widthSize - paddingLeft - paddingRight;
<!--直接用measureChildren测量所有的子View的高度-->
measureChildren(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
<!--现在可以获得所有子View的尺寸-->
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
View view = getChildAt(i);
if (view != null && view.getVisibility() != GONE) {
if (lineWidth + view.getMeasuredWidth() > extraWidth) {
totalHeight += lineHeight ;
lineWidth = view.getMeasuredWidth();
lineHeight = view.getMeasuredHeight();
maxWidth = widthSize;
} else {
lineWidth += view.getMeasuredWidth();
}
<!--获取每行的最高View尺寸-->
lineHeight = Math.max(lineHeight, view.getMeasuredHeight());
}
}
totalHeight = Math.max(totalHeight + lineHeight, lineHeight);
maxWidth = Math.max(lineWidth, maxWidth);
<!--totalHeight 跟 maxWidth都是FlowLayout渴望得到的尺寸-->
<!--至于合不合适,通过resolveSize再来判断一遍,当然,如果你非要按照自己的尺寸来,也可以设定,但是不太合理-->
totalHeight = resolveSize(totalHeight + paddingBottom + paddingTop, heightMeasureSpec);
lineWidth = resolveSize(maxWidth + paddingLeft + paddingRight, widthMeasureSpec);
setMeasuredDimension(lineWidth, totalHeight);
}
可以看到,设定自定义ViewGroup的尺寸其实只需要三部:
传递给子View的MeasureSpec是父容器根据自己的MeasureSpec及子View的布局参数所确定的,那么根MeasureSpec是谁创建的呢?我们用最常用的两种Window来解释一下,Activity与Dialog,DecorView是Activity的根布局,传递给DecorView的MeasureSpec是系统根据Activity或者Dialog的Theme来确定的,也就是说,最初的MeasureSpec是直接根据Window的属性构建的,一般对于Activity来说,根MeasureSpec是EXACTLY+屏幕尺寸,对于Dialog来说,如果不做特殊设定会采用AT_MOST+屏幕尺寸。这里牵扯到WindowManagerService跟ActivityManagerService,感兴趣的可以跟踪一下WindowManager.LayoutParams ,后面也会专门分析一下,比如,实现最简单试的全屏的Dialog就跟这些知识相关。
作者:看书的小蜗牛