配置非默认端口的动态服务注册

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-- 配置非默认端口的动态服务注册

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从Oracle客户端连接到服务器，除了使用静态注册方式之外，9i后续的版本支持动态注册服务，同时可以将服务注册到非默认的端口。将服务注册到非默认端口可以提高数据库系统的安全性。

关于Oracle从客户端连接到数据库的详细配置方法可以参考：配置ORACLE客户端连接到数据库

一、服务器端的配置

1.配置非默认的listener.ora，即侦听器为list2，且端口号改为，可以使用netca，netmgr或vim等来完成，配置的内容如下：

[oracle@oradb admin]$ cat listener.ora

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/10g/network/admin/listener.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LIST2 =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oradb.robinson.com)(PORT = 1421))

)

2.配置tnsnames.ora，同样可以使用netca，netmgr或vim等来完成，配置的内容如下：

[oracle@oradb admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/10g/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

list2 =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oradb.robinson.com)(PORT = 1421))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl.robinson.com)

)

)

3.启动非默认的侦听器

[oracle@oradb admin]$ lsnrctl start list2

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 15-SEP-2010 19:49:31

Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Starting /u01/app/oracle/10g/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/10g/network/admin/listener.ora

Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/10g/network/log/list2.log

Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oradb.robinson.com)(PORT=1421)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=oradb.robinson.com)(PORT=1421)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias list2

Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

Start Date 15-SEP-2010 19:49:31

Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec

Trace Level off

Security ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP OFF

Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/10g/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/10g/network/log/list2.log

Listening Endpoints Summary...

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oradb.robinson.com)(PORT=1421)))

The listener supports no services

The command completed successfully

4.设定local_listener参数

SQL> show parameter local_listener;

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

local_listener string

SQL> alter system set local_listener = 'list2';

System altered.

5.查看侦听器list2的状态，orcl.robinson.com服务已成功注册

如果没有成功注册，执行这个语句alter system register;

[oracle@oradb admin]$ lsnrctl status list2

----------------------------中间部分省略-----------------------------------

Listening Endpoints Summary...

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oradb.robinson.com)(PORT=1421)))

Services Summary...

Service "orcl.robinson.com" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "orclXDB.robinson.com" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "orcl_XPT.robinson.com" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully

二、客户端配置

客户端为OS为Winxp，Oracle客户端软件为Oracle 10g 客户端

可以使用Winxp上的配置工具配置tnsnames.ora，也可以将服务器上的tnsnames.ora配置文件复制到本地OS或将内容更新到本地的tnsnames.ora文件

演示中为从服务器上的tnsnames.ora的内容更新到本地客户端的tnsnames.ora

C:/>sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 星期二9月14 20:05:23 2010

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

SQL> conn scott/tiger@list2;

Connected.

将客户端的网络服务名更新为abc，如下

abc =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oradb.robinson.com)(PORT = 1421))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl.robinson.com)

)

)

尝试再次连接，可以成功连接，由此可以看出跟网络服务名无关，重要的连接描述信息

SQL> conn system/redhat@abc

Connected.

三、常见故障(ORA-00119和ORA-00132错误解决)

1.启动实例时收到如下错误提示

SQL> startup

ORA-00119: invalid specification for system parameter LOCAL_LISTENER

ORA-00132: syntax error or unresolved network name 'list2'

方法一

--从描述中可以看到参数local_listener设置的值list2无效

SQL> ho oerr ora 00132

00132, 00000, "syntax error or unresolved network name '%s'"

// *Cause: Listener address has syntax error or cannot be resolved.

// *Action: If a network name is specified, check that it corresponds

// to an entry in TNSNAMES.ORA or other address repository

// as configured for your system. Make sure that the entry

// is syntactically correct.

--根据提示检查服务器端的tnsnames.ora

[oracle@oradb admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/10g/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

list = --此处为list，将其改为list2

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oradb.robinson.com)(PORT = 1421))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl.robinson.com)

)

)

--改为list2后，实例正常启动

方法二

也可以先使用pfile启动,在pfile中指定spfile的路径,然后再增加一行local_listener=''如下：

spfile='/u01/app/oracle/10g/dbs/spfileorcl.ora'

local_listener = ''

启动实例后再使用alter system set local_listener = '' scope = spfile;来修改spfile 文件，重启即可

关于pfile的常见故障可以参考：

Oracle 参数文件

SPFILE 错误导致数据库无法启动(ORA-01565)

又一例SPFILE设置错误导致数据库无法启动

2.修改参数local_listener时出现的错误提示

假定此处中的侦听为默认的侦听器，但端口号使用的是非默认端口，而是使用的.

服务器端的listener.ora和tnsnames.ora的配置信息如下：

[oracle@oradb admin]$ cat listener.ora

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/10g/network/admin/listener.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oradb.robinson.com)(PORT = 1522))

)

[oracle@oradb admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/10g/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

orcl.robinson.com =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oradb.robinson.com)(PORT = 1522))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl.robinosn.com)

)

)

对于非默认端口，我们需要修改local_listener，如下

SQL> alter system set local_listener ='listener'; --修改时收到了ORA-02097、ORA-00119错误

alter system set local_listener ='listener'

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-02097: parameter cannot be modified because specified value is invalid

ORA-00119: invalid specification for system parameter LOCAL_LISTENER

ORA-00132: syntax error or unresolved network name 'listener'

对于默认的侦听器，同样需要修改服务器端tnsnames.ora的网络服务名，使得与侦听器的名字相同

则tnsnames.ora修改后的内容为：

listener =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oradb.robinson.com)(PORT = 1522))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl.robinosn.com)

)

)

再次修改local_listener参数

SQL> alter system set local_listener = 'listener';

System altered.

修改完毕后，可以看到服务已经注册

Services Summary...

Service "orcl.robinson.com" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "orclXDB.robinson.com" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "orcl_XPT.robinson.com" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully

四、总结

1.对于使用非默认端口的动态注册，需要手工指定端口号。

2.不管服务器段使用的是缺省的侦听器还是非缺省的侦听器，只要使用到了非默认端口，则需要修改服务器端的tnsnames.ora中的网络服务名使其与侦听器的名字相同。

3.修改local_listener 参数设置本地侦听器的名称。因为pmon进程仅仅会轮询检查默认号端口的侦听器,并在查找到时进行注册。

alter system set local_listener = 'listener_name';

4.成功修改local_listener参数后，如果还没有看到注册的服务名，使用下面的命令来实现注册(10g不需要)

alter system register;

5.客户端的tnsnames.ora可以使用服务器端tnsnames.ora中的网络服务名，也可以使用其他的名字，即可以任意命名。

五、更多参考

Oracle 冷备份

SPFILE错误导致数据库无法启动

Oracle 用户、对象权限、系统权限

Oracle 角色、配置文件

Oracle 联机重做日志文件(ONLINE LOG FILE)

Oracle 控制文件(CONTROLFILE)

Oracle 表空间与数据文件

Oracle 归档日志