Linux下快速安装MongoDB

    Mongo DB 是目前在IT行业非常流行的一种非关系型数据库(NoSql),其灵活的数据存储方式备受当前IT从业人员的青睐。Mongo DB很好的实现了面向对象的思想(OO思想),在Mongo DB中 每一条记录都是一个Document对象。Mongo DB最大的优势在于所有的数据持久操作都无需开发人员手动编写SQL语句,直接调用方法就可以轻松的实现CRUD操作。本文介绍了如何快速安装mongodb供大家参考。 一、安装配置mongodb Step 1: 设置系统环境及确保缺省端口27107可用 ###当前环境 # cat /etc/issue Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.5 (Santiago) # vi /etc/selinux/config SELINUX=disabled Step 2: 下载安装文件 下载地址： https://www.mongodb.org/downloads.  或者直接在命令提示符下使用curl命令下载 curl -O https://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.0.6.tgz Step 3: 解压下载的文件 # pwd /usr/local/src # tar -xvf mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.0.6.gz  ###注，本文直接从网站下载，所以文件为.gz Step 4: 复制解压文件到运行目录 # mkdir -p /var/lib/mongodb # cp -R -n /usr/local/src/mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.0.6/. /var/lib/mongodb/ Step 5: 设置环境变量 e.g. export PATH=<mongodb-install-directory>/bin:$PATH # vi ~/.bash_profile  export PATH=/var/lib/mongodb/bin:$PATH # source ~/.bash_profile Step 6: 创建数据目录 # mkdir -p /data/mongodata 二、启动及验证mongodb ###启动mongo # mongod --dbpath /data/mongodata ###以下内容为启动后输出的相关信息 2015-10-28T10:03:33.100+0800 I JOURNAL  [initandlisten] journal dir=/data/mongodata/journal 2015-10-28T10:03:33.101+0800 I JOURNAL  [initandlisten] recover : no journal files present, no recovery needed 2015-10-28T10:03:33.264+0800 I JOURNAL  [initandlisten] preallocateIsFaster=true 2.18 2015-10-28T10:03:33.398+0800 I JOURNAL  [durability] Durability thread started 2015-10-28T10:03:33.398+0800 I JOURNAL  [journal writer] Journal writer thread started 2015-10-28T10:03:33.401+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] MongoDB starting : pid=10191 port=27017 dbpath=/data/mongodata 64-bit host=java_2 2015-10-28T10:03:33.401+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] ** WARNING: You are running this process as the root user, which is not recommended. 2015-10-28T10:03:33.401+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten]  2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten]  2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'. 2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] **        We suggest setting it to 'never' 2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten]  2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'. 2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] **        We suggest setting it to 'never' 2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten]  2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] db version v3.0.6 2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] git version: 1ef45a23a4c5e3480ac919b28afcba3c615488f2 2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] build info: Linux ip-10-67-194-123 2.6.32-220.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Nov 9 08:03:13 EST 2011 x86_64 BOOST_LIB_VERSION=1_49 2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] allocator: tcmalloc 2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] options: { storage: { dbPath: "/data/mongodata" } } 2015-10-28T10:03:33.404+0800 I INDEX    [initandlisten] allocating new ns file /data/mongodata/local.ns, filling with zeroes... 2015-10-28T10:03:33.491+0800 I STORAGE  [FileAllocator] allocating new datafile /data/mongodata/local.0, filling with zeroes... 2015-10-28T10:03:33.491+0800 I STORAGE  [FileAllocator] creating directory /data/mongodata/_tmp 2015-10-28T10:03:33.497+0800 I STORAGE  [FileAllocator] done allocating datafile /data/mongodata/local.0, size: 64MB,  took 0.001 secs 2015-10-28T10:03:33.511+0800 I NETWORK  [initandlisten] waiting for connections on port 27017 ###停止mongo，直接使用ctrl + c ^C2015-10-28T10:09:21.510+0800 I CONTROL  [signalProcessingThread] got signal 2 (Interrupt), will terminate after current cmd ends 2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I CONTROL  [signalProcessingThread] now exiting 2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I NETWORK  [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: going to close listening sockets... 2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I NETWORK  [signalProcessingThread] closing listening socket: 5 2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I NETWORK  [signalProcessingThread] closing listening socket: 6 2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I NETWORK  [signalProcessingThread] removing socket file: /tmp/mongodb-27017.sock 2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I NETWORK  [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: going to flush diaglog... 2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I NETWORK  [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: going to close sockets... 2015-10-28T10:09:21.512+0800 I STORAGE  [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: waiting for fs preallocator... 2015-10-28T10:09:21.512+0800 I STORAGE  [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: final commit... 2015-10-28T10:09:21.512+0800 I JOURNAL  [signalProcessingThread] journalCleanup... 2015-10-28T10:09:21.512+0800 I JOURNAL  [signalProcessingThread] removeJournalFiles 2015-10-28T10:09:21.515+0800 I JOURNAL  [signalProcessingThread] Terminating durability thread ... 2015-10-28T10:09:21.615+0800 I JOURNAL  [journal writer] Journal writer thread stopped 2015-10-28T10:09:21.615+0800 I JOURNAL  [durability] Durability thread stopped 2015-10-28T10:09:21.615+0800 I STORAGE  [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: closing all files... 2015-10-28T10:09:21.618+0800 I STORAGE  [signalProcessingThread] closeAllFiles() finished 2015-10-28T10:09:21.618+0800 I STORAGE  [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: removing fs lock... 2015-10-28T10:09:21.618+0800 I CONTROL  [signalProcessingThread] dbexit:  rc: 0 ###修复启动过程中的两个警告，关于使用root用户启动mongo的警告先忽略 # echo "never" > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled # echo "never" > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag ###再次重启，后置于后台进程， # mongod --dbpath /data/mongodata & ###查看启动后的进程 # ps -ef|grep mongo |grep -v grep root     11115 27956  0 10:11 pts/2    00:00:00 mongod --dbpath /data/mongodata # lsof -i:27017 COMMAND   PID USER   FD   TYPE   DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME mongod  11115 root    5u  IPv4 50567119      0t0  TCP *:27017 (LISTEN) ###使用mongo连接到mongod # mongo MongoDB shell version: 3.0.6 connecting to: test 2015-10-28T10:14:30.685+0800 I NETWORK  [initandlisten] connection accepted from 127.0.0.1:53907 #1 (1 connection now open) Server has startup warnings:  2015-10-28T10:11:49.217+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] ** WARNING: You are running this process as the root user, which is not recommended. 2015-10-28T10:11:49.217+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten]  > help         db.help()                    help on db methods         db.mycoll.help()             help on collection methods         sh.help()                    sharding helpers         rs.help()                    replica set helpers         help admin                   administrative help         help connect                 connecting to a db help         help keys                    key shortcuts         help misc                    misc things to know         help mr                      mapreduce         show dbs                     show database names         show collections             show collections in current database         show users                   show users in current database         show profile                 show most recent system.profile entries with time >= 1ms         show logs                    show the accessible logger names         show log [name]              prints out the last segment of log in memory, 'global' is default         use <db_name>                set current database         db.foo.find()                list objects in collection foo         db.foo.find( { a : 1 } )     list objects in foo where a == 1         it                           result of the last line evaluated; use to further iterate         DBQuery.shellBatchSize = x   set default number of items to display on shell         exit                         quit the mongo shell > db.getCollection("version"); test.version > exit bye 三、mongodb相关工具 ###在安装文件下有README，描述了常用的mongodb相关命令行工具 # more /usr/local/mongodb/README  MongoDB README Welcome to MongoDB! COMPONENTS   bin/mongod - The database process.   bin/mongos - Sharding controller.   bin/mongo  - The database shell (uses interactive javascript). UTILITIES   bin/mongodump         - MongoDB dump tool - for backups, snapshots, etc..   bin/mongorestore      - MongoDB restore a dump   bin/mongoexport       - Export a single collection to test (JSON, CSV)   bin/mongoimport       - Import from JSON or CSV   bin/mongofiles        - Utility for putting and getting files from MongoDB GridFS   bin/mongostat         - Show performance statistics RUNNING   For command line options invoke:     $ ./mongod --help   To run a single server database:     $ mkdir /data/db     $ ./mongod     $     $ # The mongo javascript shell connects to localhost and test database by default:     $ ./mongo      > help DRIVERS   Client drivers for most programming languages are available at mongodb.org.  Use the    shell ("mongo") for administrative tasks. ###获取单个命令用法 # <command> --help # mongod --help|more Options: General options:   -h [ --help ]               show this usage information   --version                   show version information # mongod --version db version v3.0.6 git version: 1ef45a23a4c5e3480ac919b28afcba3c615488f2