Linux tar exclude参数的用法

#当前的tree 目录下存在BBB，CCC以及BNR子目录，现在需要将gz的dump文件过滤掉，也就是不参与打包
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ tree AAA
AAA
|-- BBB
|   `-- SYTST_temp.dbf
|-- BNR
|   |-- dump
|   |   |-- emp.dmp.gz
|   |   |-- tb.dmp.gz
|   |   `-- xx.dmp.gz
|   `-- full
|-- CCC
|   `-- tempSYTST.dbf
|-- SYTST.sh
`-- initSYTST.ora

5 directories, 7 files

#方法一，下面通过exclude参数进行过滤，使用通配符
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ tar -czvf A1.tar.gz --exclude '*.gz' ./AAA  
./AAA/
./AAA/CCC/
./AAA/CCC/tempSYTST.dbf
./AAA/BBB/
./AAA/BBB/SYTST_temp.dbf
./AAA/SYTST.sh
./AAA/initSYTST.ora
./AAA/BNR/
./AAA/BNR/full/
./AAA/BNR/dump/

#查看包中的内容，没有任何gz文件
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ tar -tvf A1.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x oracle/oinstall   0 2013-12-13 14:10:43 ./AAA/
drwxr-xr-x oracle/oinstall   0 2013-12-13 14:12:18 ./AAA/CCC/
-rwxr-xr-x oracle/oinstall 209723392 2013-12-13 14:12:19 ./AAA/CCC/tempSYTST.dbf
drwxr-xr-x oracle/oinstall         0 2013-12-13 14:11:56 ./AAA/BBB/
-rwxr-xr-x oracle/oinstall 104865792 2013-12-13 14:11:56 ./AAA/BBB/SYTST_temp.dbf
-rwxr-xr-x oracle/oinstall      1281 2013-12-13 14:10:43 ./AAA/SYTST.sh
-rwxr-xr-x oracle/oinstall      2949 2013-12-13 14:10:31 ./AAA/initSYTST.ora
drwxr-xr-x oracle/oinstall         0 2013-12-13 14:11:12 ./AAA/BNR/
drwxr-xr-x oracle/oinstall         0 2013-12-13 14:11:12 ./AAA/BNR/full/
drwxr-xr-x oracle/oinstall         0 2013-12-13 14:11:04 ./AAA/BNR/dump/

#方法二，下面通过使用多个exclude参数进行过滤
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ tar -czvf A2.tar.gz --exclude='tempSYTST.dbf' --exclude=SYTST_temp.dbf ./AAA      
./AAA/
./AAA/CCC/
./AAA/BBB/
./AAA/SYTST.sh
./AAA/initSYTST.ora
./AAA/BNR/
./AAA/BNR/full/
./AAA/BNR/dump/
./AAA/BNR/dump/xx.dmp.gz
./AAA/BNR/dump/tb.dmp.gz
./AAA/BNR/dump/emp.dmp.gz

#方法三，借助于exclude参数，直接将需要过滤得文件添加到文件，然后再从文件读取
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ echo "*.dbf" >>exclude.txt
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ echo "*.gz" >>exclude.txt
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ more exclude.txt
*.dbf
*.gz
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ tar -czvf A3.tar.gz --exclude-from=exclude.txt ./AAA
./AAA/
./AAA/CCC/
./AAA/BBB/
./AAA/SYTST.sh
./AAA/initSYTST.ora
./AAA/BNR/
./AAA/BNR/full/
./AAA/BNR/dump/

#方法四，借助于exclude参数，可以直接使用目录加通配符的方式来过滤指定文件夹下的所有文件
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ tar -czvf A4.tar.gz --exclude=./AAA/BNR/dump/* ./AAA
./AAA/
./AAA/CCC/
./AAA/CCC/tempSYTST.dbf
./AAA/BBB/
./AAA/BBB/SYTST_temp.dbf
./AAA/SYTST.sh
./AAA/initSYTST.ora
./AAA/BNR/
./AAA/BNR/full/
./AAA/BNR/dump/

#方法五，借助于exclude参数，直接使用目录方式来过滤
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ tar -czvf A4.tar.gz --exclude=./AAA/BNR ./AAA       
./AAA/
./AAA/CCC/
./AAA/CCC/tempSYTST.dbf
./AAA/BBB/
./AAA/BBB/SYTST_temp.dbf
./AAA/SYTST.sh
./AAA/initSYTST.ora

#使用help获取帮助信息
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ tar --help
Usage: tar [OPTION...] [FILE]...
GNU `tar' saves many files together into a single tape or disk archive, and can
restore individual files from the archive.

Examples:
  tar -cf archive.tar foo bar  # Create archive.tar from files foo and bar.
  tar -tvf archive.tar         # List all files in archive.tar verbosely.
  tar -xf archive.tar          # Extract all files from archive.tar.
       ..........省略...........

#使用man或者info获取帮助信息
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ man tar