Java并发之嵌套管程锁死(Nested Monitor Lockout)具体的嵌套管程死锁的例子Nested Monitor Lockout vs. Deadlock

Thread 1 synchronizes on A
Thread 1 synchronizes on B (while synchronized on A)
Thread 1 decides to wait for a signal from another thread before continuing
Thread 1 calls B.wait() thereby releasing the lock on B, but not A.

Thread 2 needs to lock both A and B (in that sequence)
        to send Thread 1 the signal.
Thread 2 cannot lock A, since Thread 1 still holds the lock on A.
Thread 2 remain blocked indefinately waiting for Thread1
        to release the lock on A

Thread 1 remain blocked indefinately waiting for the signal from
        Thread 2, thereby
        never releasing the lock on A, that must be released to make
        it possible for Thread 2 to send the signal to Thread 1, etc.

线程1获得A对象的锁。
线程1获得对象B的锁（同时持有对象A的锁）。
线程1决定等待另一个线程的信号再继续。
线程1调用B.wait()，从而释放了B对象上的锁，但仍然持有对象A的锁。

线程2需要同时持有对象A和对象B的锁，才能向线程1发信号。
线程2无法获得对象A上的锁，因为对象A上的锁当前正被线程1持有。
线程2一直被阻塞，等待线程1释放对象A上的锁。

线程1一直阻塞，等待线程2的信号，因此，不会释放对象A上的锁，
    而线程2需要对象A上的锁才能给线程1发信号……

//lock implementation with nested monitor lockout problem

public class Lock{
  protected MonitorObject monitorObject = new MonitorObject();
  protected boolean isLocked = false;

  public void lock() throws InterruptedException{
    synchronized(this){
      while(isLocked){
        synchronized(this.monitorObject){
            this.monitorObject.wait();
        }
      }
      isLocked = true;
    }
  }

  public void unlock(){
    synchronized(this){
      this.isLocked = false;
      synchronized(this.monitorObject){
        this.monitorObject.notify();
      }
    }
  }
}

//Fair Lock implementation with nested monitor lockout problem

public class FairLock {
  private boolean           isLocked       = false;
  private Thread            lockingThread  = null;
  private List<QueueObject> waitingThreads =
            new ArrayList<QueueObject>();

  public void lock() throws InterruptedException{
    QueueObject queueObject = new QueueObject();

    synchronized(this){
      waitingThreads.add(queueObject);

      while(isLocked || waitingThreads.get(0) != queueObject){

        synchronized(queueObject){
          try{
            queueObject.wait();
          }catch(InterruptedException e){
            waitingThreads.remove(queueObject);
            throw e;
          }
        }
      }
      waitingThreads.remove(queueObject);
      isLocked = true;
      lockingThread = Thread.currentThread();
    }
  }

  public synchronized void unlock(){
    if(this.lockingThread != Thread.currentThread()){
      throw new IllegalMonitorStateException(
        "Calling thread has not locked this lock");
    }
    isLocked      = false;
    lockingThread = null;
    if(waitingThreads.size() > 0){
      QueueObject queueObject = waitingThread.get(0);
      synchronized(queueObject){
        queueObject.notify();
      }
    }
  }
}

In deadlock, two threads are waiting for each other to release locks.

In nested monitor lockout, Thread 1 is holding a lock A, and waits
for a signal from Thread 2. Thread 2 needs the lock A to send the
signal to Thread 1.

死锁中，二个线程都在等待对方释放锁。

嵌套管程锁死中，线程1持有锁A，同时等待从线程2发来的信号，线程2需要锁A来发信号给线程1。