django2实战2.创建博客应用创建应用文章表的字段设计激活应用开启后台将post模型注册到后台自定义文章显示字段增加可选操作

☁  mysite  python manage.py startapp blog
☁  mysite  tree blog
blog
├── __init__.py
├── admin.py # 将模型注册到站点管理后台
├── apps.py # 应用的主配置
├── migrations # 数据库迁移文件
│   └── __init__.py
├── models.py # 模型文件，每个应用都必须有一个文件文件
├── tests.py # 测试文件
└── views.py # 应用的逻辑都写在view层，包括接收http请求，处理逻辑，返回响应

1 directory, 7 files

from django.db import models
from django.utils import timezone
from django.contrib.auth.models import User

class Post(models.Model):
    STATUS_CHOICES = (
        ('draft', 'Draft'), # 草稿
        ('published', 'Published'), # 已发布
    )
    title = models.CharField(max_length=250)
    slug = models.SlugField(max_length=250,
                            unique_for_date='publish')
    author = models.ForeignKey(User,
                               on_delete=models.CASCADE,
                               related_name='blog_posts')
    body = models.TextField()
    publish = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)
    created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    updated = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
    status = models.CharField(max_length=10,
                              choices=STATUS_CHOICES,
                              default='draft')

    class Meta:
        ordering = ('-publish',) # 按发布时间倒序排列

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

☁  mysite  python manage.py makemigrations blog
App 'blog' could not be found. Is it in INSTALLED_APPS?

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'blog.apps.BlogConfig', # 注册 blog 应用
]

☁  mysite  python manage.py makemigrations blog
Migrations for 'blog':
  blog/migrations/0001_initial.py
    - Create model Post

☁  mysite  python3 manage.py migrate
Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, blog, contenttypes, sessions
Running migrations:
  Applying blog.0001_initial... OK

☁  mysite  python manage.py createsuperuser
Username (leave blank to use 'long'): admin
Email address: test@qq.com
Password:
Password (again):
Superuser created successfully.

☁  mysite  python manage.py runserver

from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Post

admin.site.register(Post)

from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Post

@admin.register(Post)
class PostAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('title', 'slug', 'author', 'publish', 'status')

from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Post

@admin.register(Post)
class PostAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('title', 'slug', 'author', 'publish', 'status')
    list_filter = ('status', 'created', 'publish', 'author')
    search_fields = ('title', 'body')
    prepopulated_fields = {'slug': ('title',)}
    raw_id_fields = ('author',)
    date_hierarchy = 'publish'
    ordering = ('status', 'publish')