002互联网网络技术之Base64编解码的C语言实现

static const char Base64[] =
    "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
static const char Pad64 = '=';

/* (From RFC1521 and draft-ietf-dnssec-secext-03.txt)
   The following encoding technique is taken from RFC 1521 by Borenstein
   and Freed.  It is reproduced here in a slightly edited form for
   convenience.

   A 65-character subset of US-ASCII is used, enabling 6 bits to be
   represented per printable character. (The extra 65th character, "=",
   is used to signify a special processing function.)

   The encoding process represents 24-bit groups of input bits as output
   strings of 4 encoded characters. Proceeding from left to right, a
   24-bit input group is formed by concatenating 3 8-bit input groups.
   These 24 bits are then treated as 4 concatenated 6-bit groups, each
   of which is translated into a single digit in the base64 alphabet.

   Each 6-bit group is used as an index into an array of 64 printable
   characters. The character referenced by the index is placed in the
   output string.

                         Table 1: The Base64 Alphabet

      Value Encoding  Value Encoding  Value Encoding  Value Encoding
          0 A            17 R            34 i            51 z
          1 B            18 S            35 j            52 0
          2 C            19 T            36 k            53 1
          3 D            20 U            37 l            54 2
          4 E            21 V            38 m            55 3
          5 F            22 W            39 n            56 4
          6 G            23 X            40 o            57 5
          7 H            24 Y            41 p            58 6
          8 I            25 Z            42 q            59 7
          9 J            26 a            43 r            60 8
         10 K            27 b            44 s            61 9
         11 L            28 c            45 t            62 +
         12 M            29 d            46 u            63 /
         13 N            30 e            47 v
         14 O            31 f            48 w         (pad) =
         15 P            32 g            49 x
         16 Q            33 h            50 y

   Special processing is performed if fewer than 24 bits are available
   at the end of the data being encoded.  A full encoding quantum is
   always completed at the end of a quantity.  When fewer than 24 input
   bits are available in an input group, zero bits are added (on the
   right) to form an integral number of 6-bit groups.  Padding at the
   end of the data is performed using the '=' character.

   Since all base64 input is an integral number of octets, only the
         -------------------------------------------------
   following cases can arise:

       (1) the final quantum of encoding input is an integral
           multiple of 24 bits; here, the final unit of encoded
       output will be an integral multiple of 4 characters
       with no "=" padding,
       (2) the final quantum of encoding input is exactly 8 bits;
           here, the final unit of encoded output will be two
       characters followed by two "=" padding characters, or
       (3) the final quantum of encoding input is exactly 16 bits;
           here, the final unit of encoded output will be three
       characters followed by one "=" padding character.
   */

int b64_ntop(u_char const *src, size_t srclength, char *target, size_t targsize)
{
    size_t datalength = 0;
    u_char input[3] = { 0, 0, 0 };  /* make compiler happy */
    u_char output[4];
    size_t i;

    assert(src != NULL);
    assert(target != NULL);

    while (2 < srclength) {
        input[0] = *src++;
        input[1] = *src++;
        input[2] = *src++;
        srclength -= 3;

        output[0] = (u_int32_t)input[0] >> 2;
        output[1] = ((u_int32_t)(input[0] & 0x03) << 4) +
            ((u_int32_t)input[1] >> 4);
        output[2] = ((u_int32_t)(input[1] & 0x0f) << 2) +
            ((u_int32_t)input[2] >> 6);
        output[3] = input[2] & 0x3f;
        assert(output[0] < 64);
        assert(output[1] < 64);
        assert(output[2] < 64);
        assert(output[3] < 64);

        if (datalength + 4 > targsize)
            return (-1);
        target[datalength++] = Base64[output[0]];
        target[datalength++] = Base64[output[1]];
        target[datalength++] = Base64[output[2]];
        target[datalength++] = Base64[output[3]];
    }

    /* Now we worry about padding. */
    if (0 != srclength) {
        /* Get what's left. */
        input[0] = input[1] = input[2] = '\0';
        for (i = 0; i < srclength; i++)
            input[i] = *src++;

        output[0] = (u_int32_t)input[0] >> 2;
        output[1] = ((u_int32_t)(input[0] & 0x03) << 4) +
            ((u_int32_t)input[1] >> 4);
        output[2] = ((u_int32_t)(input[1] & 0x0f) << 2) +
            ((u_int32_t)input[2] >> 6);
        assert(output[0] < 64);
        assert(output[1] < 64);
        assert(output[2] < 64);

        if (datalength + 4 > targsize)
            return (-1);
        target[datalength++] = Base64[output[0]];
        target[datalength++] = Base64[output[1]];
        if (srclength == 1)
            target[datalength++] = Pad64;
        else
            target[datalength++] = Base64[output[2]];
        target[datalength++] = Pad64;
    }
    if (datalength >= targsize)
        return (-1);
    target[datalength] = '\0';  /* Returned value doesn't count \0. */
    return (datalength);
}

/* skips all whitespace anywhere.
   converts characters, four at a time, starting at (or after)
   src from base - 64 numbers into three 8 bit bytes in the target area.
   it returns the number of data bytes stored at the target, or -1 on error.
 */

int b64_pton(char const *src, u_char *target, size_t targsize)
{
    size_t tarindex;
    int state, ch;
    char *pos;

    assert(src != NULL);
    assert(target != NULL);

    state = 0;
    tarindex = 0;

    while ((ch = (u_char) *src++) != '\0') {
        if (isspace(ch))    /* Skip whitespace anywhere. */
            continue;

        if (ch == Pad64)
            break;

        pos = strchr(Base64, ch);
        if (pos == 0)       /* A non-base64 character. */
            return (-1);

        switch (state) {
        case 0:
            if (target) {
                if (tarindex >= targsize)
                    return (-1);
                target[tarindex] = (pos - Base64) << 2;
            }
            state = 1;
            break;
        case 1:
            if (target) {
                if (tarindex + 1 >= targsize)
                    return (-1);
                target[tarindex] |=
                    (u_int32_t)(pos - Base64) >> 4;
                target[tarindex+1]  = ((pos - Base64) & 0x0f)
                            << 4 ;
            }
            tarindex++;
            state = 2;
            break;
        case 2:
            if (target) {
                if (tarindex + 1 >= targsize)
                    return (-1);
                target[tarindex] |=
                    (u_int32_t)(pos - Base64) >> 2;
                target[tarindex+1] = ((pos - Base64) & 0x03)
                            << 6;
            }
            tarindex++;
            state = 3;
            break;
        case 3:
            if (target) {
                if (tarindex >= targsize)
                    return (-1);
                target[tarindex] |= (pos - Base64);
            }
            tarindex++;
            state = 0;
            break;
        default:
            abort();
        }
    }

    /*
     * We are done decoding Base-64 chars.  Let's see if we ended
     * on a byte boundary, and/or with erroneous trailing characters.
     */

    if (ch == Pad64) {      /* We got a pad char. */
        ch = *src++;        /* Skip it, get next. */
        switch (state) {
        case 0:     /* Invalid = in first position */
        case 1:     /* Invalid = in second position */
            return (-1);

        case 2:     /* Valid, means one byte of info */
            /* Skip any number of spaces. */
            for (; ch != '\0'; ch = (u_char) *src++)
                if (!isspace(ch))
                    break;
            /* Make sure there is another trailing = sign. */
            if (ch != Pad64)
                return (-1);
            ch = *src++;        /* Skip the = */
            /* Fall through to "single trailing =" case. */
            /* FALLTHROUGH */

        case 3:     /* Valid, means two bytes of info */
            /*
             * We know this char is an =.  Is there anything but
             * whitespace after it?
             */
            for (; ch != '\0'; ch = (u_char) *src++)
                if (!isspace(ch))
                    return (-1);

            /*
             * Now make sure for cases 2 and 3 that the "extra"
             * bits that slopped past the last full byte were
             * zeros.  If we don't check them, they become a
             * subliminal channel.
             */
            if (target && target[tarindex] != 0)
                return (-1);
        }
    } else {
        /*
         * We ended by seeing the end of the string.  Make sure we
         * have no partial bytes lying around.
         */
        if (state != 0)
            return (-1);
    }

    return (tarindex);
}

int  main()
{
    unsigned char data[200];
    unsigned char data2[400];
    int i=0;
    int ret;

    printf("src:\n");
    for(i=0;i<200;i++)
    {
        data[i]=i;
    }



    for(i=0;i<200;i++)
    {
        printf("%02x,",data[i]);
        if((i+1)%16 ==0)
        {
            printf("\n");
        }
    }

    
    

    unsigned char enstr[1024];

    memset(enstr,0,1024);

    printf("\nexe:\n");

    ret =b64_ntop(data, 200, enstr, 400);

    printf("ret=%d\n%s\n",ret,enstr);
    //base64_encode(data,200,enstr);
    //base64_decode(enstr,data2);
    ret =b64_pton(enstr, data2, 400);

    printf("ret=%d\nresult:\n",ret);

    for(i=0;i<200;i++)
    {
        printf("%02x,",data2[i]);
        if((i+1)%16 ==0)
        {
            printf("\n");
        }
    }

    printf("\n");
    
}