背景

最近我朋友疯狂迷恋韩国的偶像团体防弹少年团，于是拜托我帮忙写一段程序实时检测韩国新闻网站instiz旗下两个板块pt和clip，当出现自家idol的新闻时，程序能自动发微博通知她。我觉得这个功能还是蛮有意思的，程序实现起来并不复杂，而且妹子的请求不好意思拒绝，所以就答应她了。说干就干，程序实现如下。

模拟登录微博

发微博的功能如果借助微博的api其实很简单，然而当我注册站内应用获得APPKEY和ACCESS_TOKEN时，审核了2天竟然被拒了（当然也有可能是自己填的太随意哈）。不过懒得等的我干脆自己模拟浏览器登录发微博。

首先我们需要分析模拟登陆需要提交的表单，打开chrome分析登录时https://login.sina.com.cn/sso/login.php?client=ssologin.js(v1.4.19) 需要提交的表单，可以发现有以下信息需要我们注意：

其中servertime，nonce，rsakv应该来自之前get到的数据，翻之前的url请求，注意到有一个prelogin的url值得我们注意，观察返回来的数据：

{"retcode":0,
"servertime":1537519779,
"pcid":"gz-7b560c8c199aa33a6b201149095489a4d147","nonce":"H6ITP0","pubkey":"EB2A38568661887FA180BDDB5CABD5F21C7BFD59C090CB2D245A87AC253062882729293E5506350508E7F9AA3BB77F4333231490F915F6D63C55FE2F08A49B353F444AD3993CACC02DB784ABBB8E42A9B1BBFFFB38BE18D78E87A0E41B9B8F73A928EE0CCEE1F6739884B9777E4FE9E88A1BBE495927AC4A799B3181D6442443",
"rsakv":"1330428213",
"is_openlock":0,
"lm":1,
"smsurl":"https:\/\/login.sina.com.cn\/sso\/msglogin?entry=weibo&mobile=18800190793&s=f0cd668a3b51745b707c94f41a090c98",
"showpin":0,
"exectime":110}

里面也确实有我们需要的数据，那么另外两个su以及sp应该就是加密之后的username和password了，然而网站如何加密的呢？ 仔细观察的话会有一个ssologin.js的文件在prelogin和login中都有出现，猜测加密应该是在这里面完成的，这个文件很大，但我们只需要搜我们自己想要的，果然找到了如下代码：

request.su=sinaSSOEncoder.base64.encode(urlencode(username))

RSAKey.setPublic(me.rsaPubkey,"10001");
password=RSAKey.encrypt([me.servertime,me.nonce].join("\t")+"\n"+password)

OK，将这段js代码翻译成python代码就可以了，完整的代码如下所示：

import requests
import base64
import re
import rsa
import json
import binascii
import time

class weibo(object):
    def __init__(self, username, password):
        self.username = username
        self.password = password

    def encrypted_username(self):
    # 对用户名加密，返回su
        return base64.b64encode(bytes(self.username, encoding="utf-8")).decode("utf-8")

    def encrypted_password(self):
    # 对密码加密，返回sp
        data=self.get_prelogin_data()
        rsa_e=65537
        password_str=str(data["servertime"])+"\t"+str(data["nonce"])+"\n"+self.password
        key=rsa.PublicKey(int(str(data["pubkey"]),16), rsa_e)
        password_encrypt=rsa.encrypt(password_str.encode("utf-8"), key)
        return binascii.b2a_hex(password_encrypt).decode("utf-8")

    def get_prelogin_data(self):
    # 以json格式返回prelogin的数据
        url = 'http://login.sina.com.cn/sso/prelogin.php?entry=weibo&callback=sinaSSOController.preloginCallBack&su=&' + self.encrypted_username() + '&rsakt=mod&checkpin=1&client=ssologin.js(v1.4.18)'
        with requests.Session() as sess:
            r=sess.get(url, timeout=2)
            pattern = re.compile(r"\((.*)\)")
            data = pattern.search(r.text).group(1)
            json_data=json.loads(data)
            return json_data

    def login_and_send(self, text):
        prelogin_data=self.get_prelogin_data()
        data={
            "entry":"weibo",
            "gateway":"1",
            "from":"",
            "savestate":"7",
            "qrcode_flase":"false",
            "useticket":"1",
            "pagerefer":r"http://passport.weibo.com/visitor/visitor?entry=miniblog&a=enter&url=http%3A%2F%2Fweibo.com%2F&domain=.weibo.com&ua=php-sso_sdk_client-0.6.14",
            "vsnf":"1",
            "su":self.encrypted_username(),
            "service":"miniblog",
            "servertime":prelogin_data['servertime'],
            "nonce":prelogin_data['nonce'],
            "pwencode":"rsa2",
            "rsakv":prelogin_data['rsakv'],
            "sp":self.encrypted_password(),
            "sr":"1680*1050",
            "encoding":"UTF-8",
            "prelt":"122",
            "url":"https://weibo.com/ajaxlogin.php?framelogin=1&callback=parent.sinaSSOController.feedBackUrlCallBack",
            "returntype":"META"
        }
        url = 'http://login.sina.com.cn/sso/login.php?client=ssologin.js(v1.4.18)'
        headers = {
            "User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.87 Safari/537.36"
        }

        #设置发微博时需要提交的表单
        weibo_data={
            "location" : "v6_content_home",
            "appkey" : "",
            "style_type" : "1",
            "pic_id" : "",
            "text" : text,
            "pdetail" : "",
            "rank" : "1",#设置仅自己可见,如果对所有人可见改为0
            "rankid" : "",
            "module" : "stissue",
            "pub_type" : "dialog",
            "_t" : "0",
        }
        weibo_headers = {
            "User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.87 Safari/537.36",
            "referer":""
        }
        with requests.Session() as sess:
            r=sess.post(url, headers=headers, data=data, timeout=2, allow_redirects=True)
            pattern1=re.compile(r"location\.replace\(\'(.*)\'\)")
            pattern2=re.compile(r"userdomain\":\"(.*)\"},")
            redirent_url=pattern1.search(r.content.decode("GBK")).group(1)
            r1=sess.get(redirent_url)
            login_url="https://weibo.com/" + pattern2.search(r1.content.decode("utf-8")).group(1)
            r2=sess.get(login_url)
            weibo_headers["referer"]=r2.url
            login_url1="https://weibo.com/aj/mblog/add?ajwvr=6&__rnd="+str(int(time.time()*1000))
            r3=sess.post(login_url1, headers=weibo_headers, data=weibo_data, timeout=2)
            if (r3.status_code==requests.codes.ok):
                print("send weibo successfully!!!")
            else:
                print("there is something wrong!!!")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    wb=weibo("***", "***")
    wb.login_login_send("这是一段测试文本")

然后你不用申请key也能写个自动发微博的程序了，当然能申请key最好啦。

监测新闻网站，自动发微博

这一点实现很简单，定义几个关键词，每隔60s爬取一次新闻网站，如果新出的新闻标题中包含关键词，就把新闻的标题和链接发到微博，程序的实现如下：

import re
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import time
from Weibo import weibo

KEYWORDS = ["BTS","방탄소넌단","김석진","김남준","민윤기","정호석","박지민","김태형","전정국"]

class NewsSpider(object):
    """docstring for NewsSpider"""
    def __init__(self):
        super(NewsSpider, self).__init__()
        self.url=["http://www.instiz.net/pt","http://www.instiz.net/clip"]
        self.newslist=[]
        self.wb=weibo("***", "***")
        print("complete initializing")

    def checkkeywords(self, title):
        isinclude=False
        for keywords in KEYWORDS:
            if keywords in title:
                isinclude=True
        return isinclude

    def updatenewslist(self, url):
        with requests.Session() as sess:
            r=sess.get(url, timeout=2)
            soup=BeautifulSoup(r.content, "lxml")
            listsubject=soup.find_all(id="subject")
            for subject in listsubject:
                pattern = re.compile(r'\d{6,7}')
                href=subject.a.get('href')
                id=pattern.search(href)
                if id.group():
                    title=subject.a.text
                    if self.checkkeywords(title) and id.group() not in self.newslist:
                        self.newslist.append(id.group())
                        self.updateWeibo(url+"/"+id.group(), title)

    def runforever(self):
        i=0
        failnum=0
        while (1):
            try:
                self.updatenewslist(self.url[i]) # 两个板块，交替执行
                failnum=0
            except Exception as e:
                # 如果由于某些问题连续失败，比如ip被ban，记录失败次数，连续60次失败通知
                failnum=failnum+1
                if failnum>=60:
                    print("There is something wrong with your code!!!")
                    failnum=0
            finally:
                i=(i+1)%2
                time.sleep(30)


    def updateWeibo(self, newsurl, newstitle):
        text="你的偶像们又有新消息了："+newstitle+"。详情查看链接->"+newsurl
        print(text)
        self.wb.login_and_send_message(text)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    ns=NewsSpider()
    ns.runforever()

具体效果如图：

后记

当我帮程序交到妹子手上 ，就没有然后了。果然是badiaowuqing啊~