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社区首页 >专栏 >HTTP权威指南_摘录

HTTP权威指南_摘录

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meteoric
发布2018-11-16 15:04:07
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发布2018-11-16 15:04:07
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文章被收录于专栏:游戏杂谈

以下内容是摘录自《HTTP 权威指南》(HTTP The Definitive Guide),目前没有中文版,可在google中阅读部分章节。

书中详细介绍了网络基础、HTTP的架构、HTTP的安全/认证、编码和国际化等。(最后截取了百度首页与谷歌首页的请求以供分析)

table {border-collapse:collapse; border:none !important; margin:20px 0 !important; display:block;} th, td {border:1px solid #ddd; padding:5px;} th {background-color:#dde; border:1px solid #ccc; color:#36c;} tr:hover {background-color:#eee;} caption {text-align:left; font-size:18px; padding: 5px 0;} pre {margin:30px;}

Media type

Description

text/html

Entity body is an HTML document

text/plain

Entity body is a document in plain text

image/gif

Entity body is an image of type GIF

image/jpeg

Entity body is an image of type JPEG

audio/x-wav

Entity body contains WAV sound data

model/vrml

Entity body is a three-dimensional VRML model

application/vnd.ms-powerpoint

Entity body is a Microsoft PowerPoint presentation

multipart/byteranges

Entity body has multiple parts, each containing a different range (in bytes) of the full document

message/http

Entity body contains a complete HTTP message (see TRACE)

Content-encoding value

Description

gzip

Indicates that the GNU zip encoding was applied to the entity.

compress

Indicates that the Unix file compression program has been run on the entity.

deflate

Indicates that the entity has been compressed into the zlib format

identity

Indicates that no encoding has been performed on the entity. When a Content-Encoding header is not present, this can be assumed.

Directive

Message type

Description

no-cache

Request

Do not return a cached copy of the document without first revalidating it with the server.

no-store

Request

Do not return a cached copy of the document. Do not store the response from the server.

max-age

Request

The document in the cache must not be older than the specified age.

max-stale

Request

The document may be stale based on the server-specified expiration information, but it must not have been expired for longer than the value in this directive.

min-fresh

Request

The document's age must not be more than its age plus the specified amount. In other words, the response must be fresh for at least the specified amount of time.

no-transform

Request

The document must not be transformed before being sent.

only-if-cached

Request

Send the document only if it is in the cache, without contacting the origin server.

public

Response

Response may be cached by any cache.

private

Response

Response may be cached such that it can be accessed only by a single client.

no-cache

Response

If the directive is accompanied by a list of header fields, the content may be cached and served to clients, but the listed header fields must first be removed. If no header fields are specified, the cached copy must not be served without revalidation with the server.

no-store

Response

Response must not be cached.

no-transform

Response

Response must not be modified in any way before being served.

must-revalidate

Response

Response must be revalidated with the server before being served.

proxy-revalidate

Response

Shared caches must revalidate the response with the origin server before serving. This directive can be ignored by private caches.

max-age

Response

Specifies the maximum length of time the document can be cached and still considered fresh.

s-max-age

Response

Specifies the maximum age of the document as it applies to shared caches (overriding the max-age directive, if one is present). This directive can be ignored by private caches.

Request type

Validator

Description

If-Modified-Since

Last-Modified

Send a copy of the resource if the version that was last modified at the time in your previous Last-Modified response header is no longer the latest one.

If-Unmodified-Since

Last-Modified

Send a copy of the resource only if it is the same as the version that was last modified at the time in your previous Last-Modified response header.

If-Match

ETag

Send a copy of the resource if its entity tag is the same as that of the one in your previous ETag response header.

If-None-Match

ETag

Send a copy of the resource if its entity tag is different from that of the one in your previous ETag response header

Header

Description

ETag

Unique identifier for each instance of a document. Sent by the server in the response; used by clients in subsequent requests in If-Match and If-None-Match headers.

If-None-Match

Request header sent by the client, asking the server for a document if and only if the client's version of the document is different from the server's.

A-IM

Client request header indicating types of instance manipulations accepted.

IM

Server response header specifying the type of instance manipulation applied to the response. This header is sent when the response code is 226 IM Used.

Delta-Base

Server response header that specifies the ETag of the base document used for generating the delta (should be the same as the ETag in the client request's If-None-Match header).

Type

Description

vcdiff

Delta using the vcdiff algorithm

diffe

Delta using the Unix diff -e command

gdiff

Delta using the gdiff algorithm

gzip

Compression using the gzip algorithm

deflate

Compression using the deflate algorithm

range

Used in a server response to indicate that the response is partial content as the result of a range selection

identity

Used in a client request's A-IM header to indicate that the client is willing to accept an identity instance manipulation

Header

Description

Accept

Used to tell the server what media types are okay to send

Accept-Language

Used to tell the server what languages are okay to send

Accept-Charset

Used to tell the server what charsets are okay to send

Accept-Encoding

Used to tell the server what encodings are okay to send

Accept header

Entity header

Accept(ex:image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, image/png, */*)

Content-Type(ex:text/html)

Accept-Language(ex:zh-cn)

Content-Language(ex:fr, de, zh-cn)

Accept-Charset(ex:iso-8859-1, *, utf-8)

Content-Type(ex:;charet=utf-8)

Accept-Encoding(ex:gzip, deflate)

Content-Encoding(ex:gzip)

代码语言:javascript
复制
(Request-Line)	GET / HTTP/1.1
Accept	image/gif, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, image/pjpeg, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, application/x-ms-application, application/x-ms-xbap, application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument, application/xaml+xml, */*
Accept-Encoding	gzip, deflate
Accept-Language	zh-cn
Connection	Keep-Alive
Cookie	PREF=ID=314fbae1650bde00:FF=2:LD=zh-CN:NW=1:TM=1320735923:LM=1320735923:S=oSSPDnEPbXYbWbsp
Host	www.google.com.hk
User-Agent	Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; QQDownload 677; Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1) ; InfoPath.2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.4506.2152; .NET CLR 3.5.30729)


(Status-Line)	HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control	private, max-age=0
Content-Encoding	gzip
Content-Type	text/html; charset=UTF-8
Date	Tue, 08 Nov 2011 07:05:23 GMT
Expires	-1
Server	gws
Set-Cookie	NID=52=xxxxxxxxxxxxxx; expires=Wed, 09-May-2012 07:05:23 GMT; path=/; domain=.google.com.hk; HttpOnly
Transfer-Encoding	chunked
X-Frame-Options	SAMEORIGIN
X-XSS-Protection	1; mode=block
代码语言:javascript
复制
代码语言:javascript
复制
(Request-Line)	GET / HTTP/1.1
Accept	*/*
Accept-Encoding	gzip, deflate
Accept-Language	zh-cn
Connection	Keep-Alive
Cookie	BAIDUID=CEDBBF526CC8742529C8FDDA98EA859F:FG=1
Host	www.baidu.com
User-Agent	Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; QQDownload 677; Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1) ; InfoPath.2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.4506.2152; .NET CLR 3.5.30729)


(Status-Line)	HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control	private
Connection	Keep-Alive
Content-Encoding	gzip
Content-Length	3092
Content-Type	text/html;charset=gb2312
Date	Tue, 08 Nov 2011 07:07:31 GMT
Expires	Tue, 08 Nov 2011 07:07:31 GMT
Server	BWS/1.0
image
image
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原始发表:2011-11-09 ,如有侵权请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除

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