Identity Server4学习系列三

郑小超.

发布于 2018-12-27 17:11:17

6740

发布于 2018-12-27 17:11:17

1、简介

在Identity Server4学习系列一和Identity Server4学习系列二之令牌(Token)的概念的基础上,了解了Identity Server4的由来,以及令牌的相关知识,本文开始实战,实现Identity Server4基本的功能。

2、前提

本文基于.Net Core2.1和Indetity Server4 2.3.0,令牌处理包采用IdentityServer4.AccessTokenValidation 2.7.0

3、实战一Identity Server4服务端配置

(1)、项目结构

(2)、站点入口文件Program.cs类

    public class Program
    {
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            CreateWebHostBuilder(args).Build().Run();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 设置当前项目的服务器宿主,Windows下默认为IIS
        /// 设置启动类为Startup类
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="args"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static IWebHostBuilder CreateWebHostBuilder(string[] args) =>
            WebHost.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
                .UseStartup<Startup>();
    }

注意:如果时Linux环境,这里在这里可以切换站点的宿主服务器

(3)、Startup启动类(配置Identity Server4的相关参数和MVC的相关参数,并注入到管道模型中)

    public class Startup
    {
        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
        // For more information on how to configure your application, visit https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=398940
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            //优雅的链式编程
            //注入Identity Server4服务到DI容器中
            services.AddIdentityServer()
           //注入临时签名凭据到DI容器,后期可用签名证书的密钥替换,用于生成零时密钥
           .AddDeveloperSigningCredential()
           //注入需要受Identity Server4保护的Api资源添注入到DI容器中 -内存级别
           .AddInMemoryApiResources(Apis.GetApiResources())
           //注入需要访问受Identity Server4保护的Api资源的客户端注入到DI容器中 -内存级别
           .AddInMemoryClients(ThirdClients.GetClients());

            //注入基本的MVC服务
            services.AddMvcCore()
            //注入MVC的认证服务,对应控制器的Authorize特性
           .AddAuthorization()
           //注入MVC格式化程序,对应JsonResult等等的格式化操作,主要用于控制器返回值的格式化操作
           .AddJsonFormatters();

            //注入身份认证服务，设置Bearer为默认方案
            services.AddAuthentication("Bearer")
            //注入并配置Bearer为默认方案的基本参数
            .AddIdentityServerAuthentication(options =>
            {
                //设置令牌的发布者
                options.Authority = "http://localhost:5000";
                //设置Https
                options.RequireHttpsMetadata = false;
                //需要认证的api资源名称
                options.ApiName = "api1";
            });
        }

        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
        {
            //如果当前时开发者模式
            if (env.IsDevelopment())
            {
                //从管道中捕获同步和异步System.Exception实例并生成HTML错误响应。
                app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
            }

            //将IdentityServer 4服务注入到管道模型中(对应上面的IdentityServer 4服务的配置)
            app.UseIdentityServer();

            //将认证服务通过Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.AuthenticationMiddleware中间件
            //注入到管道模型中(对应上面认证服务的配置)
            app.UseAuthentication();

            //将mvc添加到Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder.IApplicationBuilder请求执行中(对应上的MVC配置)
            app.UseMvc();
        }
    }

(4)、配置第三方客户端能成功在认证模式下能成功访问Api资源的资本参数

    /// <summary>
    /// 配置可以访问IdentityServer4 保护的Api资源模型的第三方客户端
    /// 配置客户端访问的密钥
    /// 配置
    /// </summary>
    public class ThirdClients
    {
        public static IEnumerable<Client> GetClients()
        {
            return new List<Client>()
            {
                new Client()
                {
                    //客户端的唯一Id,客户端需要指定该ClientId才能访问
                     ClientId = $"client",

                    //no interactive user, use the clientid/secret for authentication
                    //使用客户端密钥进行认证
                    AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.ClientCredentials,

                    // 认证密钥
                    ClientSecrets =
                    {
                        //用Sha256对"secret"进行加密,客户端必须使用secret密钥才能成功访问
                        new Secret("secret".Sha256())
                    },

                    // scopes that client has access to
                    //如果客户端的密钥认证成功,限定该密钥可以访问的Api范围
                    AllowedScopes = { "api1" }
                }
            };
        }
    }

注意ClientId(分配给不同客户端的Id),对应的客户端调用时传递过来的ClientId必须一致,否则客户端发起调用时汇报这个错:

密钥也是一样,密钥是我们分配给客户端的,客户端只有给对了我们分配给它的ClientId和密钥的同时,才能访问对应的api,所以如果你的密钥不对,客户端发起调用时也会报这个错:

(5)、配置受保护的Api资源模型

    public class Apis
    {
        //ApiResource -IdentityServer4.Models下的Api资源模型
        public static IEnumerable<ApiResource> GetApiResources()
        {
            return new List<ApiResource>()
            {
                //Api资源模型
                new ApiResource("api1", "My API")
            };
        }
    }

注意ApiRescourse的名称必须和Client的AllowedScopes属性对应,否则客户端调用时会报下面这个错:

(6)、验证服务端是否配置成功

开启站点,浏览器输入http://localhost:5000/.well-known/openid-configuration,等到如下返回报文说明服务部署成功:

{
　　 //令牌签发者,对应StartUp中的Identity Server4中的认证配置
    "issuer":"http://localhost:5000",
    //jwt令牌处理地址
    "jwks_uri":"http://localhost:5000/.well-known/openid-configuration/jwks",
    "authorization_endpoint":"http://localhost:5000/connect/authorize",
    "token_endpoint":"http://localhost:5000/connect/token",
    "userinfo_endpoint":"http://localhost:5000/connect/userinfo",
    "end_session_endpoint":"http://localhost:5000/connect/endsession",
    "check_session_iframe":"http://localhost:5000/connect/checksession",
    "revocation_endpoint":"http://localhost:5000/connect/revocation",
    "introspection_endpoint":"http://localhost:5000/connect/introspect",
    "device_authorization_endpoint":"http://localhost:5000/connect/deviceauthorization",
    "frontchannel_logout_supported":true,
    "frontchannel_logout_session_supported":true,
    "backchannel_logout_supported":true,
    "backchannel_logout_session_supported":true,
    "scopes_supported":[
        "api1",
        "offline_access"
    ],
    "claims_supported":[

    ],
    "grant_types_supported":[
        "authorization_code",
        "client_credentials",
        "refresh_token",
        "implicit",
        "urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:device_code"
    ],
    "response_types_supported":[
        "code",
        "token",
        "id_token",
        "id_token token",
        "code id_token",
        "code token",
        "code id_token token"
    ],
    "response_modes_supported":[
        "form_post",
        "query",
        "fragment"
    ],
    "token_endpoint_auth_methods_supported":[
        "client_secret_basic",
        "client_secret_post"
    ],
    "subject_types_supported":[
        "public"
    ],
    "id_token_signing_alg_values_supported":[
        "RS256"
    ],
    "code_challenge_methods_supported":[
        "plain",
        "S256"
    ]
}

参数含义,自行了解

3、实战一客户端调用受Identity Server4保护的Api资源

(1)、前提

客户端必须安装IdentityModel 3.10.4包

(2)、调用代码如下:

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Request();
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        async static void Request()
        {
            //请求Identity Server4服务
            var disco = await DiscoveryClient.GetAsync("http://localhost:5000");
            if (disco.IsError)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(disco.Error);
                return;
            }
            //生成Identity Server4授权的客户端,通过指定对应的ClientId和密钥(secret)
            var tokenClient = new TokenClient(disco.TokenEndpoint, "client", "secret");
            var tokenResponse = await tokenClient.RequestClientCredentialsAsync("api1");

            if (tokenResponse.IsError)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(tokenResponse.Error);
                return;
            }
            Console.WriteLine(tokenResponse.Json);

            //通过Identity Server4的认证过后,拿到AccessToken
            var client = new HttpClient();
            client.SetBearerToken(tokenResponse.AccessToken);
            var response = await client.GetAsync("http://localhost:5000/identity");
            if (!response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(response.StatusCode);
            }
            else
            {
                //认证成功,输出Identity控制器的返回值
                var content = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
                Console.WriteLine(JArray.Parse(content));
            }
        }
    }

得到如下报文: