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[UWP]用Shape做动画

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dino.c
发布2019-01-18 10:43:22
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发布2019-01-18 10:43:22
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文章被收录于专栏:dino.c的专栏dino.c的专栏

相对于WPF/Silverlight,UWP的动画系统可以说有大幅提高,不过本文无意深入讨论这些动画API,本文将介绍使用Shape做一些进度、等待方面的动画,除此之外也会介绍一些相关技巧。

1. 使用StrokeDashOffset做等待提示动画

圆形的等待提示动画十分容易做,只要让它旋转就可以了:

但是圆形以外的形状就不容易做了,例如三角形,总不能让它单纯地旋转吧:

要解决这个问题可以使用StrokeDashOffset。StrokeDashOffset用于控制虚线边框的第一个短线相对于Shape开始点的位移,使用动画控制这个数值可以做出边框滚动的效果:

<Page.Resources>
    <Storyboard x:Name="ProgressStoryboard">
        <DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames EnableDependentAnimation="True"
                                       Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Shape.StrokeDashOffset)"
                                       Storyboard.TargetName="triangle">
            <EasingDoubleKeyFrame KeyTime="0:1:0"
                                  Value="-500" />
        </DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
    </Storyboard>
</Page.Resources>
<Grid Background="#FFCCCCCC">
    <Grid Height="100"
          HorizontalAlignment="Center">
        <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal"
                    VerticalAlignment="Center">
            <TextBlock Text="L"
                       FontSize="55"
                       Margin="0,0,5,4" />
            <local:Triangle x:Name="triangle"
                            Height="40"
                            Width="40"
                            StrokeThickness="2"
                            Stroke="RoyalBlue"
                            StrokeDashArray="4.045 4.045"
                            StrokeDashOffset="0.05"
                            StrokeDashCap="Round" />
            <TextBlock Text="ading..."
                       FontSize="55"
                       Margin="5,0,0,4" />
        </StackPanel>
    </Grid>
</Grid>

需要注意的是Shape的边长要正好能被StrokeDashArray中短线和缺口的和整除,即 满足边长 / StrokeThickness % Sum( StrokeDashArray ) = 0,这是因为在StrokeDashOffset=0的地方会截断短线,如下图所示:

另外注意的是边长的计算,如Rectangle,边长并不是(Height + Width) * 2,而是(Height - StrokeThickness) * 2 + (Width- StrokeThickness) * 2,如下图所示,边长应该从边框正中间开始计算:

有一些Shape的边长计算还会受到Stretch影响,如上一篇中自定义的Triangle:

<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" HorizontalAlignment="Center">
    <Grid Height="50"
          Width="50">
        <local:Triangle Stretch="Fill"
                        StrokeThickness="5"
                        Stroke="RoyalBlue" />
    </Grid>
    <Grid Height="50"
          Width="50"
          Margin="10,0,0,0">
        <local:Triangle Stretch="None"
                        StrokeThickness="5"
                        Stroke="RoyalBlue" />
    </Grid>

</StackPanel>

2. 使用StrokeDashArray做进度提示动画

StrokeDashArray用于将Shape的边框变成虚线,StrokeDashArray的值是一个double类型的有序集合,里面的数值指定虚线中每一段以StrokeThickness为单位的长度。用StrokeDashArray做进度提示的基本做法就是将进度Progress通过Converter转换为分成两段的StrokeDashArray,第一段为实线,表示当前进度,第二段为空白。假设一个Shape的边长是100,当前进度为50,则将StrokeDashArray设置成{50,double.MaxValue}两段。

做成动画如下图所示:

<Page.Resources>
    <Style TargetType="TextBlock">
        <Setter Property="FontSize"
                Value="12" />
    </Style>
    <local:ProgressToStrokeDashArrayConverter x:Key="ProgressToStrokeDashArrayConverter"
                                              TargetPath="{Binding ElementName=Triangle}" />
    <local:ProgressToStrokeDashArrayConverter2 x:Key="ProgressToStrokeDashArrayConverter2"
                                               TargetPath="{Binding ElementName=Triangle}" />
    <toolkit:StringFormatConverter x:Key="StringFormatConverter" />
    <local:ProgressWrapper x:Name="ProgressWrapper" />
    <Storyboard x:Name="Storyboard1">
        <DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:5"
                         To="100"
                         Storyboard.TargetProperty="Progress"
                         Storyboard.TargetName="ProgressWrapper"
                         EnableDependentAnimation="True" />
    </Storyboard>
</Page.Resources>
<Grid Background="{ThemeResource ApplicationPageBackgroundThemeBrush}">
    <Viewbox Height="150">
        <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
            <Grid>
                <local:Triangle Height="40"
                                Width="40"
                                StrokeThickness="2"
                                Stroke="DarkGray" />
                <local:Triangle x:Name="Triangle"
                                Height="40"
                                Width="40"
                                StrokeThickness="2"
                                Stroke="RoyalBlue"
                                StrokeDashArray="{Binding Progress,Source={StaticResource ProgressWrapper},Converter={StaticResource ProgressToStrokeDashArrayConverter}}" />
                <TextBlock Text="{Binding Progress,Source={StaticResource ProgressWrapper},Converter={StaticResource StringFormatConverter},ConverterParameter='{}{0:0}'}"
                           HorizontalAlignment="Center"
                           VerticalAlignment="Center"
                           Margin="0,15,0,0" />
            </Grid>
            <Grid Margin="20,0,0,0">
                <local:Triangle Height="40"
                                Width="40"
                                StrokeThickness="2"
                                Stroke="DarkGray" />
                <local:Triangle x:Name="Triangle2"
                                Height="40"
                                Width="40"
                                StrokeThickness="2"
                                Stroke="RoyalBlue"
                                StrokeDashArray="{Binding Progress,Source={StaticResource ProgressWrapper},Converter={StaticResource ProgressToStrokeDashArrayConverter2}}" />
                <TextBlock Text="{Binding Progress,Source={StaticResource ProgressWrapper},Converter={StaticResource StringFormatConverter},ConverterParameter='{}{0:0}'}"
                           HorizontalAlignment="Center"
                           VerticalAlignment="Center"
                           Margin="0,15,0,0" />
            </Grid>
        </StackPanel>
    </Viewbox>
</Grid>

其中ProgressToStrokeDashArrayConverter和ProgressToStrokeDashArrayConverter2的代码如下:

public class ProgressToStrokeDashArrayConverter : DependencyObject, IValueConverter
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 获取或设置TargetPath的值
    /// </summary>  
    public Path TargetPath
    {
        get { return (Path)GetValue(TargetPathProperty); }
        set { SetValue(TargetPathProperty, value); }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 标识 TargetPath 依赖属性。
    /// </summary>
    public static readonly DependencyProperty TargetPathProperty =
        DependencyProperty.Register("TargetPath", typeof(Path), typeof(ProgressToStrokeDashArrayConverter), new PropertyMetadata(null));


    public virtual object Convert(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, string language)
    {
        if (value is double == false)
            return null;

        var progress = (double)value;

        if (TargetPath == null)
            return null;

        var totalLength = GetTotalLength();
        var firstSection = progress * totalLength / 100 / TargetPath.StrokeThickness;
        if (progress == 100)
            firstSection = Math.Ceiling(firstSection);
        var result = new DoubleCollection { firstSection, double.MaxValue };
        return result;
    }

    public object ConvertBack(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, string language)
    {
        throw new NotImplementedException();
    }

    protected double GetTotalLength()
    {
        var geometry = TargetPath.Data as PathGeometry;
        if (geometry == null)
            return 0;

        if (geometry.Figures.Any() == false)
            return 0;

        var figure = geometry.Figures.FirstOrDefault();
        if (figure == null)
            return 0;

        var totalLength = 0d;
        var point = figure.StartPoint;
        foreach (var item in figure.Segments)
        {
            var segment = item as LineSegment;
            if (segment == null)
                return 0;

            totalLength += Math.Sqrt(Math.Pow(point.X - segment.Point.X, 2) + Math.Pow(point.Y - segment.Point.Y, 2));
            point = segment.Point;
        }

        totalLength += Math.Sqrt(Math.Pow(point.X - figure.StartPoint.X, 2) + Math.Pow(point.Y - figure.StartPoint.Y, 2));
        return totalLength;
    }
}



public class ProgressToStrokeDashArrayConverter2 : ProgressToStrokeDashArrayConverter
{
    public override object Convert(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, string language)
    {
        if (value is double == false)
            return null;

        var progress = (double)value;

        if (TargetPath == null)
            return null;

        var totalLength = GetTotalLength();
        totalLength = totalLength / TargetPath.StrokeThickness;
        var thirdSection = progress * totalLength / 100;
        if (progress == 100)
            thirdSection = Math.Ceiling(thirdSection);

        var secondSection = (totalLength - thirdSection) / 2;
        var result = new DoubleCollection { 0, secondSection, thirdSection, double.MaxValue };
        return result;
    }
}

由于代码只是用于演示,protected double GetTotalLength()写得比较将就。可以看到这两个Converter继承自DependencyObject,这是因为这里需要通过绑定为TargetPath赋值。

这里还有另一个类ProgressWrapper:

public class ProgressWrapper : DependencyObject
{

    /// <summary>
    /// 获取或设置Progress的值
    /// </summary>  
    public double Progress
    {
        get { return (double)GetValue(ProgressProperty); }
        set { SetValue(ProgressProperty, value); }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 标识 Progress 依赖属性。
    /// </summary>
    public static readonly DependencyProperty ProgressProperty =
        DependencyProperty.Register("Progress", typeof(double), typeof(ProgressWrapper), new PropertyMetadata(0d));
}

因为这里没有可供Storyboard操作的double属性,所以用这个类充当Storyboard和StrokeDashArray的桥梁。UWPCommunityToolkit中也有一个差不多用法的类BindableValueHolder,这个类通用性比较强,可以参考它的用法。

3. 使用Behavior改进进度提示动画代码

只是做个动画而已,又是Converter,又是Wrapper,又是Binding,看起来十分复杂,如果Shape上面有Progress属性就方便多了。这时候首先会考虑附加属性,在XAML用法如下:

<UserControl.Resources>
  <Storyboard x:Name="Storyboard1">
    <DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:5"
                     To="100"
                     Storyboard.TargetProperty="(local:PathExtention.Progress)"
                     Storyboard.TargetName="Triangle" />
  </Storyboard>
</UserControl.Resources>
<Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot"
      Background="White">
    <local:Triangle x:Name="Triangle"
                    Height="40"
                    local:PathExtention.Progress="0"
                    Width="40"
                    StrokeThickness="2"
                    Stroke="RoyalBlue" >
    </local:Triangle>
</Grid>

但其实这是行不通的,XAML有一个存在了很久的限制:However, an existing limitation of the Windows Runtime XAML implementation is that you cannot animate a custom attached property.。这个限制决定了XAML不能对自定义附加属性做动画。不过,这个限制只限制了不能对自定义附加属性本身做动画,但对附加属性中的类的属性则可以,例如以下这种写法应该是行得通的:

<UserControl.Resources>
  <Storyboard x:Name="Storyboard1">
    <DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:5"
                     To="100"
                     Storyboard.TargetProperty="(local:PathExtention.Progress)"
                     Storyboard.TargetName="TrianglePathExtention" />
  </Storyboard>
</UserControl.Resources>
<Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot"
      Background="White">
    <local:Triangle x:Name="Triangle"
                    Height="40"
                    Width="40"
                    StrokeThickness="2"
                    Stroke="RoyalBlue" >
      <local:PathHelper>
        <local:PathExtention x:Name="TrianglePathExtention"
                             Progress="0" />
      </local:PathHelper>
    </local:Triangle>
</Grid>

更优雅的写法是利用XamlBehaviors这篇文章很好地解释了XamlBehaviors的作用:

XAML Behaviors非常重要,因为它们提供了一种方法,让开发人员能够以一种简洁、可重复的方式轻松地向UI对象添加功能。他们无需创建控件的子类或重复编写逻辑代码,只要简单地增加一个XAML代码片段。

要使用Behavior改进现有代码,只需实现一个PathProgressBehavior:

public class PathProgressBehavior : Behavior<UIElement>
{

    protected override void OnAttached()
    {
        base.OnAttached();
        UpdateStrokeDashArray();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 获取或设置Progress的值
    /// </summary>  
    public double Progress
    {
        get { return (double)GetValue(ProgressProperty); }
        set { SetValue(ProgressProperty, value); }
    }

    /*Progress DependencyProperty*/

    protected virtual void OnProgressChanged(double oldValue, double newValue)
    {
        UpdateStrokeDashArray();
    }

    protected virtual double GetTotalLength(Path path)
    {
        /*some code*/
    }


    private void UpdateStrokeDashArray()
    {
        var target = AssociatedObject as Path;
        if (target == null)
            return;

        double progress = Progress;
        //if (target.ActualHeight == 0 || target.ActualWidth == 0)
        //    return;

        if (target.StrokeThickness == 0)
            return;

        var totalLength = GetTotalLength(target);
        var firstSection = progress * totalLength / 100 / target.StrokeThickness;
        if (progress == 100)
            firstSection = Math.Ceiling(firstSection);

        var result = new DoubleCollection { firstSection, double.MaxValue };
        target.StrokeDashArray = result;
    }
}

XAML中如下使用:

<UserControl.Resources>
  <Storyboard x:Name="Storyboard1">
    <DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:5"
                     To="100"
                     Storyboard.TargetProperty="Progress"
                     Storyboard.TargetName="PathProgressBehavior"
                     EnableDependentAnimation="True"/>
  </Storyboard>
</UserControl.Resources>
<Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot"
      Background="White">
  <local:Triangle x:Name="Triangle"
                  Height="40"
                  local:PathExtention.Progress="0"
                  Width="40"
                  StrokeThickness="2"
                  Stroke="RoyalBlue" >
    <interactivity:Interaction.Behaviors>
      <local:PathProgressBehavior x:Name="PathProgressBehavior" />
    </interactivity:Interaction.Behaviors>
  </local:Triangle>
</Grid>

这样看起来就清爽多了。

4. 模仿背景填充动画

先看看效果:

其实这篇文章里并不会讨论填充动画,不过首先声明做填充动画会更方便快捷,这一段只是深入学习过程中的产物,实用价值不高。 上图三角形的填充的效果只需要叠加两个同样大小的Shape,前面那个设置Stretch="Uniform",再通过DoubleAnimation改变它的高度就可以了。文字也是相同的原理,叠加两个相同的TextBlock,将前面那个放在一个无边框的ScrollViewer里再去改变ScrollViewer的高度。

<Page.Resources>
    <Style TargetType="TextBlock">
        <Setter Property="FontSize"
                Value="12" />
    </Style>
    <local:ProgressToHeightConverter x:Key="ProgressToHeightConverter"
                                     TargetContentControl="{Binding ElementName=ContentControl}" />
    <local:ReverseProgressToHeightConverter x:Key="ReverseProgressToHeightConverter"
                                            TargetContentControl="{Binding ElementName=ContentControl2}" />
    <toolkit:StringFormatConverter x:Key="StringFormatConverter" />
    <local:ProgressWrapper x:Name="ProgressWrapper" />
    <Storyboard x:Name="Storyboard1">
        <DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:5"
                         To="100"
                         Storyboard.TargetProperty="Progress"
                         Storyboard.TargetName="ProgressWrapper"
                         EnableDependentAnimation="True" />
    </Storyboard>
</Page.Resources>
<Grid Background="{ThemeResource ApplicationPageBackgroundThemeBrush}">
    <Grid>
        <local:Triangle Height="40"
                        Width="40"
                        StrokeThickness="2"
                        Fill="LightGray" />
        <local:Triangle  Height="40"
                         Width="40"
                         Stretch="Fill"
                         StrokeThickness="2"
                         Stroke="RoyalBlue" />
        <ContentControl x:Name="ContentControl"
                        VerticalAlignment="Bottom"
                        HorizontalAlignment="Center"
                        Height="{Binding Progress,Source={StaticResource ProgressWrapper},Converter={StaticResource ProgressToHeightConverter}}">
            <local:Triangle x:Name="Triangle3"
                            Height="40"
                            Width="40"
                            StrokeThickness="2"
                            Fill="RoyalBlue"
                            Stretch="Uniform"
                            VerticalAlignment="Bottom" />
        </ContentControl>
        <TextBlock Text="{Binding Progress,Source={StaticResource ProgressWrapper},Converter={StaticResource StringFormatConverter},ConverterParameter='{}{0:0}'}"
                   HorizontalAlignment="Center"
                   VerticalAlignment="Center"
                   Margin="0,12,0,0"
                   Foreground="White" />
        <ContentControl x:Name="ContentControl2"
                        Height="{Binding Progress,Source={StaticResource ProgressWrapper},Converter={StaticResource ReverseProgressToHeightConverter}}"
                        VerticalAlignment="Top"
                        HorizontalAlignment="Center">
            <ScrollViewer BorderThickness="0"
                          Padding="0,0,0,0"
                          VerticalScrollBarVisibility="Disabled"
                          HorizontalScrollBarVisibility="Disabled"
                          VerticalAlignment="Top"
                          Height="40">
                <Grid  Height="40">
                    <TextBlock Text="{Binding Progress,Source={StaticResource ProgressWrapper},Converter={StaticResource StringFormatConverter},ConverterParameter='{}{0:0}'}"
                               HorizontalAlignment="Center"
                               VerticalAlignment="Center"
                               Margin="0,12,0,0" />
                </Grid>
            </ScrollViewer>
        </ContentControl>
    </Grid>
</Grid>

ProgressToHeightConverter和ReverseProgressToHeightConverter的代码如下:

public class ProgressToHeightConverter : DependencyObject, IValueConverter
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 获取或设置TargetContentControl的值
    /// </summary>  
    public ContentControl TargetContentControl
    {
        get { return (ContentControl)GetValue(TargetContentControlProperty); }
        set { SetValue(TargetContentControlProperty, value); }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 标识 TargetContentControl 依赖属性。
    /// </summary>
    public static readonly DependencyProperty TargetContentControlProperty =
        DependencyProperty.Register("TargetContentControl", typeof(ContentControl), typeof(ProgressToHeightConverter), new PropertyMetadata(null));



    public object Convert(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, string language)
    {
        if (value is double == false)
            return 0d;

        var progress = (double)value;

        if (TargetContentControl == null)
            return 0d;

        var element = TargetContentControl.Content as FrameworkElement;
        if (element == null)
            return 0d;

        return element.Height * progress / 100;
    }

    public object ConvertBack(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, string language)
    {
        throw new NotImplementedException();
    }

      
}

public class ReverseProgressToHeightConverter : DependencyObject, IValueConverter
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 获取或设置TargetContentControl的值
    /// </summary>  
    public ContentControl TargetContentControl
    {
        get { return (ContentControl)GetValue(TargetContentControlProperty); }
        set { SetValue(TargetContentControlProperty, value); }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 标识 TargetContentControl 依赖属性。
    /// </summary>
    public static readonly DependencyProperty TargetContentControlProperty =
        DependencyProperty.Register("TargetContentControl", typeof(ContentControl), typeof(ReverseProgressToHeightConverter), new PropertyMetadata(null));



    public object Convert(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, string language)
    {
        if (value is double == false)
            return double.NaN;

        var progress = (double)value;

        if (TargetContentControl == null)
            return double.NaN;

        var element = TargetContentControl.Content as FrameworkElement;
        if (element == null)
            return double.NaN;

        return element.Height * (100 - progress) / 100;
    }

    public object ConvertBack(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, string language)
    {
        throw new NotImplementedException();
    }
}

再提醒一次,实际上老老实实做填充动画好像更方便些。

5. 将动画应用到Button的ControlTemplate

同样的技术,配合ControlTemplate可以制作很有趣的按钮:

PointerEntered时,按钮的边框从进入点向反方向延伸。PointerExited时,边框从反方向向移出点消退。要做到这点需要在PointerEntered时改变边框的方向,使用了ChangeAngleToEnterPointerBehavior:

public class ChangeAngleToEnterPointerBehavior : Behavior<Ellipse>
{
    protected override void OnAttached()
    {
        base.OnAttached();
        AssociatedObject.PointerEntered += OnAssociatedObjectPointerEntered;
        AssociatedObject.PointerExited += OnAssociatedObjectPointerExited;
    }

    protected override void OnDetaching()
    {
        base.OnDetaching();
        AssociatedObject.PointerEntered -= OnAssociatedObjectPointerEntered;
        AssociatedObject.PointerExited -= OnAssociatedObjectPointerExited;
    }

    private void OnAssociatedObjectPointerExited(object sender, PointerRoutedEventArgs e)
    {
        UpdateAngle(e);
    }

    private void OnAssociatedObjectPointerEntered(object sender, PointerRoutedEventArgs e)
    {
        UpdateAngle(e);
    }

    private void UpdateAngle(PointerRoutedEventArgs e)
    {
        if (AssociatedObject == null || AssociatedObject.StrokeThickness == 0)
            return;

        AssociatedObject.RenderTransformOrigin = new Point(0.5, 0.5);
        var rotateTransform = AssociatedObject.RenderTransform as RotateTransform;
        if (rotateTransform == null)
        {
            rotateTransform = new RotateTransform();
            AssociatedObject.RenderTransform = rotateTransform;
        }

        var point = e.GetCurrentPoint(AssociatedObject.Parent as UIElement).Position;
        var centerPoint = new Point(AssociatedObject.ActualWidth / 2, AssociatedObject.ActualHeight / 2);
        var angleOfLine = Math.Atan2(point.Y - centerPoint.Y, point.X - centerPoint.X) * 180 / Math.PI;
        rotateTransform.Angle = angleOfLine + 180;
    }
}

这个类命名不是很好,不过将就一下吧。

为了做出边框延伸的效果,另外需要一个类EllipseProgressBehavior:

public class EllipseProgressBehavior : Behavior<Ellipse>
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 获取或设置Progress的值
    /// </summary>  
    public double Progress
    {
        get { return (double)GetValue(ProgressProperty); }
        set { SetValue(ProgressProperty, value); }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 标识 Progress 依赖属性。
    /// </summary>
    public static readonly DependencyProperty ProgressProperty =
        DependencyProperty.Register("Progress", typeof(double), typeof(EllipseProgressBehavior), new PropertyMetadata(0d, OnProgressChanged));

    private static void OnProgressChanged(DependencyObject obj, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs args)
    {
        var target = obj as EllipseProgressBehavior;
        double oldValue = (double)args.OldValue;
        double newValue = (double)args.NewValue;
        if (oldValue != newValue)
            target.OnProgressChanged(oldValue, newValue);
    }


    protected virtual void OnProgressChanged(double oldValue, double newValue)
    {
        UpdateStrokeDashArray();
    }

    protected virtual double GetTotalLength()
    {
        if (AssociatedObject == null)
            return 0;

        return (AssociatedObject.ActualHeight - AssociatedObject.StrokeThickness) * Math.PI;
    }


    private void UpdateStrokeDashArray()
    {
        if (AssociatedObject == null || AssociatedObject.StrokeThickness == 0)
            return;

        //if (target.ActualHeight == 0 || target.ActualWidth == 0)
        //    return;

        var totalLength = GetTotalLength();
        totalLength = totalLength / AssociatedObject.StrokeThickness;
        var thirdSection = Progress * totalLength / 100;
        var secondSection = (totalLength - thirdSection) / 2;
        var result = new DoubleCollection { 0, secondSection, thirdSection, double.MaxValue };
        AssociatedObject.StrokeDashArray = result;
    }

}

套用到ControlTemplate如下:

<ControlTemplate TargetType="Button">
    <Grid x:Name="RootGrid">
        <VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
            <VisualStateGroup x:Name="CommonStates">
                <VisualStateGroup.Transitions>
                    <VisualTransition GeneratedDuration="0:0:1"
                                      To="Normal">
                        <Storyboard>
                            <DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames EnableDependentAnimation="True"
                                                           Storyboard.TargetProperty="(local:EllipseProgressBehavior.Progress)"
                                                           Storyboard.TargetName="EllipseProgressBehavior">
                                <EasingDoubleKeyFrame KeyTime="0:0:1"
                                                      Value="0">
                                    <EasingDoubleKeyFrame.EasingFunction>
                                        <QuinticEase EasingMode="EaseOut" />
                                    </EasingDoubleKeyFrame.EasingFunction>
                                </EasingDoubleKeyFrame>
                            </DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
                        </Storyboard>
                    </VisualTransition>
                    <VisualTransition GeneratedDuration="0:0:1"
                                      To="PointerOver">
                        <Storyboard>
                            <DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames EnableDependentAnimation="True"
                                                           Storyboard.TargetProperty="(local:EllipseProgressBehavior.Progress)"
                                                           Storyboard.TargetName="EllipseProgressBehavior">
                                <EasingDoubleKeyFrame KeyTime="0:0:1"
                                                      Value="100">
                                    <EasingDoubleKeyFrame.EasingFunction>
                                        <QuinticEase EasingMode="EaseOut" />
                                    </EasingDoubleKeyFrame.EasingFunction>
                                </EasingDoubleKeyFrame>
                            </DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
                        </Storyboard>
                    </VisualTransition>
                </VisualStateGroup.Transitions>
                <VisualState x:Name="Normal">
                    <Storyboard>
                        <PointerUpThemeAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="RootGrid" />
                    </Storyboard>
                </VisualState>
                <VisualState x:Name="PointerOver">
                    <Storyboard>
                        <PointerUpThemeAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="RootGrid" />
                    </Storyboard>
                    <VisualState.Setters>
                        <Setter Target="EllipseProgressBehavior.(local:EllipseProgressBehavior.Progress)"
                                Value="100" />
                    </VisualState.Setters>
                </VisualState>
                <VisualState x:Name="Pressed">
                    <Storyboard>
                        <PointerDownThemeAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="RootGrid" />
                    </Storyboard>
                </VisualState>
                <VisualState x:Name="Disabled" />
            </VisualStateGroup>
        </VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
        <ContentPresenter x:Name="ContentPresenter"
                          AutomationProperties.AccessibilityView="Raw"
                          ContentTemplate="{TemplateBinding ContentTemplate}"
                          ContentTransitions="{TemplateBinding ContentTransitions}"
                          Content="{TemplateBinding Content}"
                          HorizontalContentAlignment="{TemplateBinding HorizontalContentAlignment}"
                          Padding="{TemplateBinding Padding}"
                          VerticalContentAlignment="{TemplateBinding VerticalContentAlignment}" />
        <Ellipse Fill="Transparent"
                 Stroke="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}"
                 StrokeThickness="2">
            <interactivity:Interaction.Behaviors>
                <local:ChangeAngleToEnterPointerBehavior />
                <local:EllipseProgressBehavior x:Name="EllipseProgressBehavior" />
            </interactivity:Interaction.Behaviors>
        </Ellipse>
    </Grid>
</ControlTemplate>

注意:我没有鼓励任何人自定义按钮外观的意思,能用系统自带的动画或样式就尽量用系统自带的,没有设计师的情况下又想UI做得与众不同通常会做得很难看。想要UI好看,合理的布局、合理的颜色、合理的图片就足够了。

6. 结语

在学习Shape的过程中觉得好玩就做了很多尝试,因为以前工作中做过不少等待、进度的动画,所以这次就试着做出本文的动画。 XAML的传统动画并没有提供太多功能,主要是ColorAnimation、DoubleAnimation、PointAnimation三种,不过靠Binding和Converter可以弥补这方面的不足,实现很多需要的功能。 本文的一些动画效果参考了SVG的动画。话说回来,Windows 10 1703新增了Svg​Image​Source,不过看起来只是简单地将SVG翻译成对应的Shape,然后用Shape呈现,不少高级特性都不支持(如下图阴影的滤镜),用法如下:

<Image>
    <Image.Source>
        <SvgImageSource UriSource="feoffset_1.svg" />
    </Image.Source>
</Image>

SvgImageSource:

原本的Svg:

7. 参考

情节提要动画 SVG奇思妙想

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目录
  • 1. 使用StrokeDashOffset做等待提示动画
  • 2. 使用StrokeDashArray做进度提示动画
  • 3. 使用Behavior改进进度提示动画代码
  • 4. 模仿背景填充动画
  • 5. 将动画应用到Button的ControlTemplate
  • 6. 结语
  • 7. 参考
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