线程池的创建和使用

IT云清

发布于 2019-01-22 15:09:49

1.1K0

发布于 2019-01-22 15:09:49

文章被收录于专栏：IT云清IT云清

几种线程池的创建和使用

1.newFixedThreadPool固定线程池
2.newSingleThreadExecutor一个线程的线程池
3.newCachedThreadPool缓存线程池
4.ThreadPoolExecutor
5.Future获取返回结果

1.newFixedThreadPool固定线程池

示例：

ExecutorService fixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(4);

源码：

    /**
     * Creates a thread pool that reuses a fixed number of threads
     * operating off a shared unbounded queue.  At any point, at most
     * {@code nThreads} threads will be active processing tasks.
     * If additional tasks are submitted when all threads are active,
     * they will wait in the queue until a thread is available.
     * If any thread terminates due to a failure during execution
     * prior to shutdown, a new one will take its place if needed to
     * execute subsequent tasks.  The threads in the pool will exist
     * until it is explicitly {@link ExecutorService#shutdown shutdown}.
     *
     * @param nThreads the number of threads in the pool
     * @return the newly created thread pool
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code nThreads <= 0}
     */
    public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) {
        return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
                                      0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                      new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
    }

解读一下源码注释：

创建一个线程池，该线程池复用固定数量的线程去操作一个共享的无界队列；
在任何时刻，最多只有nThreads的线程是处于可处理任务的活跃状态。
当所有的线程都处于活跃状态（在处理任务），如果提交了额外的任务，它将会在队列中等待，直到有线程可用。
如果线程在执行期间由于失败而终止，如果需要的话，一个新的线程将会取代它执行后续任务。
线程池中的线程将会一直存在，直到显示的关闭。

这里需要注意，线程的数量是固定的，但是队列大小是无界的（Integer.MAX_VALUE足够大，大到可以任务无界。）

注意这里用的队列：LinkedBlockingQueue，默认队列大小Integer的最大值。

    /**
     * Creates a {@code LinkedBlockingQueue} with a capacity of
     * {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE}.
     */
    public LinkedBlockingQueue() {
        this(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
    }

代码测试：

package com.java4all.test11;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;


/**
 * Author: yunqing
 * Date: 2018/9/19
 * Description:
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "testThread")
public class TestThread {


    /**固定大小的线程池*/
    static ExecutorService fixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(4);
    
    @RequestMapping(value = "parse",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String parse(){
        Future<?> submit = fixedThreadPool.submit(() -> {
            System.out.println("线程名称：" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
        });
        return null;
    }
}

我们设定固定大小为4的线程池，然后用20个并发请求：

线程名称：pool-1-thread-1
线程名称：pool-1-thread-3
线程名称：pool-1-thread-4
线程名称：pool-1-thread-1
线程名称：pool-1-thread-3
线程名称：pool-1-thread-4
线程名称：pool-1-thread-4
线程名称：pool-1-thread-3
线程名称：pool-1-thread-4
线程名称：pool-1-thread-1
线程名称：pool-1-thread-1
线程名称：pool-1-thread-4
线程名称：pool-1-thread-1
线程名称：pool-1-thread-3
线程名称：pool-1-thread-4
线程名称：pool-1-thread-1
线程名称：pool-1-thread-3
线程名称：pool-1-thread-2
线程名称：pool-1-thread-2
线程名称：pool-1-thread-1

由是于队列无界，200 000个也是可以的，但是处理复杂任务时，无界队列可能会让内存爆掉。

2.newSingleThreadExecutor单线程

示例：

static ExecutorService service = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();

源码：

    /**
     * Creates an Executor that uses a single worker thread operating
     * off an unbounded queue. (Note however that if this single
     * thread terminates due to a failure during execution prior to
     * shutdown, a new one will take its place if needed to execute
     * subsequent tasks.)  Tasks are guaranteed to execute
     * sequentially, and no more than one task will be active at any
     * given time. Unlike the otherwise equivalent
     * {@code newFixedThreadPool(1)} the returned executor is
     * guaranteed not to be reconfigurable to use additional threads.
     *
     * @return the newly created single-threaded Executor
     */
    public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() {
        return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
            (new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
                                    0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                    new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()));
    }

解读一下源码注释：

创建一个线程执行者，它使用单个线程去操作一个无界队列。
（需要注意：如果一个线程由于执行过程中失败导致线程终止，一个新的线程将会取代他，如果需要执行后续任务）

这里使用的队列，也是LinkedBlockingQueue，需要注意。

3.newCachedThreadPool缓存线程池

示例

static ExecutorService service1 = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();

源码：

    /**
     * Creates a thread pool that creates new threads as needed, but
     * will reuse previously constructed threads when they are
     * available.  These pools will typically improve the performance
     * of programs that execute many short-lived asynchronous tasks.
     * Calls to {@code execute} will reuse previously constructed
     * threads if available. If no existing thread is available, a new
     * thread will be created and added to the pool. Threads that have
     * not been used for sixty seconds are terminated and removed from
     * the cache. Thus, a pool that remains idle for long enough will
     * not consume any resources. Note that pools with similar
     * properties but different details (for example, timeout parameters)
     * may be created using {@link ThreadPoolExecutor} constructors.
     *
     * @return the newly created thread pool
     */
    public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() {
        return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
                                      60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                                      new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());
    }

源码解读：

这里，使用的是异步队列SynchronousQueue，而且是非公平的。

查看下源码：

    /**
     * Creates a {@code SynchronousQueue} with nonfair access policy.
     */
    public SynchronousQueue() {
        this(false);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a {@code SynchronousQueue} with the specified fairness policy.
     *
     * @param fair if true, waiting threads contend in FIFO order for
     *        access; otherwise the order is unspecified.
     如果为真，等待线程按照FIFO顺序，否则，顺序是不确定的。
     */
    public SynchronousQueue(boolean fair) {
        transferer = fair ? new TransferQueue<E>() : new TransferStack<E>();
    }

测试一下：

/**
 * Author: yunqing
 * Date: 2018/9/19
 * Description:
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "testThread")
public class TestThread {


    /***/
    static ExecutorService service1 = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
    @RequestMapping(value = "parse",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String parse(){
        Future<?> submit = service1.submit(() -> {
            System.out.println("线程名称：" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
        });
        return null;
    }
}

20个并发请求：

线程名称：pool-1-thread-13
线程名称：pool-1-thread-15
线程名称：pool-1-thread-13
线程名称：pool-1-thread-2
线程名称：pool-1-thread-15
线程名称：pool-1-thread-17
线程名称：pool-1-thread-4
线程名称：pool-1-thread-14
线程名称：pool-1-thread-12
线程名称：pool-1-thread-4
线程名称：pool-1-thread-8
线程名称：pool-1-thread-7
线程名称：pool-1-thread-1
线程名称：pool-1-thread-6
线程名称：pool-1-thread-3
线程名称：pool-1-thread-5
线程名称：pool-1-thread-11
线程名称：pool-1-thread-10
线程名称：pool-1-thread-9
线程名称：pool-1-thread-16

注意看，是有线程复用的。

4.ThreadPoolExecutor

4.1这种方式创建线程池，参数很多，由于可以显示指定队列的大小，所以可以合理避免OOM；

4.2拒绝策略

AbortPolicy：抛出RejectedExecutionException异常。这种策略时，注意捕获异常。
DiscardPolicy：什么也不做，直接忽略
DiscardOldestPolicy：丢弃执行队列中最老的任务，尝试为当前提交的任务腾出位置
CallerRunsPolicy：直接由提交任务者执行这个任务

/**
 * Author: yunqing
 * Date: 2018/9/19
 * Description:
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "testThread")
public class TestThread {


    static ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
            4,  //corePoolSize:线程核心数量，及时处于idle状态，也不会回收
            10, //maximumPoolSize:线程数的上限
            60, //keepAliveTime:超过这个时间，超过corePoolSize的线程，多余的线程将会被回收
            TimeUnit.SECONDS,
            new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(300), //任务的排队队列  不显示指定大小，会默认Integer.MAX_VALUE，设置不当容易OOM
            new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy()  //拒绝策略
    );
    @RequestMapping(value = "parse",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String parse(){
        Future<?> submit = threadPoolExecutor.submit(() -> {
            System.out.println("线程名称：" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
        });
        return "处理完了";
    }
}

5.Future获取返回结果

package com.java4all.test11;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.concurrent.*;


/**
 * Author: yunqing
 * Date: 2018/9/19
 * Description:
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "testThread")
public class TestThread {


    static ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
            4,  //corePoolSize:线程核心数量，及时处于idle状态，也不会回收
            10, //maximumPoolSize:线程数的上限
            60, //keepAliveTime:超过这个时间，超过corePoolSize的线程，多余的线程将会被回收
            TimeUnit.SECONDS,
            new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(200), //任务的排队队列  不显示指定大小，会默认Integer.MAX_VALUE，设置不当容易OOM
            new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy()  //拒绝策略
    );
    @RequestMapping(value = "parse",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String parse(){
        Future<?> future = threadPoolExecutor.submit(() -> {
            Thread.sleep(10000);
            System.out.println("线程名称：" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
            return Thread.currentThread().getName()+":处理完了数据";
        });

        Object o = null;
        try {
            //获取执行结果  如果设置了时间，规定时间内没有处理完，返回结果可能为空
            o = future.get(4,TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ExecutionException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (TimeoutException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(o.toString());
        return "处理完了";
    }
}

future.get()方法，是一个阻塞方法，会等到线程任务执行完了，返回结果；如果设置了时间，会等待到设定的时间，如果超市了还没有计算完成，返回结果可能为null;所以，这里需要注意NPE；

本文参与腾讯云自媒体分享计划，分享自作者个人站点/博客。

原始发表：2018年09月19日，如有侵权请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除

缓存

本文分享自作者个人站点/博客前往查看

如有侵权，请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除。

本文参与腾讯云自媒体分享计划，欢迎热爱写作的你一起参与！

缓存

登录后参与评论

0 条评论

热度