Python requests 安装与开发
Requests 是用Python语言编写HTTP客户端库，跟urllib、urllib2类似，基于 urllib，但比 urllib 更加方便，可以节约我们大量的工作，完全满足 HTTP 测试需求，编写爬虫和测试服务器响应数据时经常会用到。
Requests 的哲学是以 PEP 20 的习语为中心开发的，所以它比 urllib 更加 Pythoner，更重要的一点是它支持 Python3
- Beautiful is better than ugly. (美丽优于丑陋)
- Explicit is better than implicit. (清楚优于含糊)
- Simple is better than complex. (简单优于复杂)
- Complex is better than complicated. (复杂优于繁琐)
- Readability counts. (重要的是可读性)
Requests 官网：
https://pypi.python.org/pypi/requests
安装 Requests
方式1）pip 安装
pip install requests # python2.7 pip3 install requests # python3.6
方式2）源码安装
解压安装：
tar zxvf requests-2.18.2.tar.gz cd requests python setup.py install
验证安装：
1234567 | $ pythonPython 2.7.13 (v2.7.13:a06454b1afa1, Dec 17 2016, 12:39:47) [GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5666) (dot 3)] on darwinType "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.>>> import requests>>> requests<module 'requests' from '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests/__init__.pyc'> |
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使用 Requests
requests 封装了Python的urlib和urllib2，所以爬取网页非常简洁
1. 爬取网页
1234567891011 | import requests # 爬取米扑科技首页req = requests.get(url = 'http://mimvp.com')print("status_code : " + str(req.status_code))print("mimvp text : " + req.text) # 爬取米扑代理（含请求参数）req = requests.get(url='http://proxy.mimvp.com/free.php', params={'proxy':'out_tp','sort':'p_ping'}) print("status_code : " + str(req.status_code))print("mimvp text : " + req.text) |
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爬取网页非常简洁吧，Python urllib 三行代码，requests只需要一行代码搞定
urllib ： urllib.urlopen('http://mimvp.com').read()
urllib2： urllib2.urlopen('http://mimvp.com').read()
或者
1234 | import urllib2req = urllib2.Request('http://mimvp.com')res = urllib2.urlopen(req)page = res.read() |
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requests 接口格式：
123456 | requests.get('https://mimvp.com/timeline.json') # GET请求requests.post('http://mimvp.com/post') # POST请求requests.put('http://mimvp.com/put') # PUT请求requests.delete('http://mimvp.com/delete') # DELETE请求requests.head('http://mimvp.com/get') # HEAD请求requests.options('http://mimvp.com/get') # OPTIONS请求 |
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requests 接口示例：
123 | import requestsrequests.get('http://mimvp.com', params={'love': 'mimvp'}) # GET参数实例requests.post('http://mimvp.com', data={'love': 'mimvp'}) # POST参数实例 |
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Requests 设置代理
123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263 | #!/usr/bin/env python# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-## Python requests 支持 http、https、socks4、socks5## 米扑代理示例：# http://proxy.mimvp.com/demo2.php# # 米扑代理购买：# http://proxy.mimvp.com# # mimvp.com# 2016-09-16 import requestsimport sslimport socks, socket # 需要引入socks.py文件，请到米扑代理下载 mimvp_url = "http://proxy.mimvp.com/exist.php"mimvp_url2 = "https://proxy.mimvp.com/exist.php"mimvp_url3 = "https://apps.bdimg.com/libs/jquery-i18n/1.1.1/jquery.i18n.min.js" # 使用代理 http, httpsproxies = { "http" : "http://120.77.155.249:8888", "https" : "http://54.255.211.38:80", } req = requests.get(mimvp_url2, proxies=proxies, timeout=30, verify=False) print("mimvp text : " + req.text) # 使用代理 socks4proxies = { 'socks4' : '163.121.188.2:4000', } socks4_ip = proxies['socks4'].split(":")[0]socks4_port = int(proxies['socks4'].split(":")[1])socks.setdefaultproxy(socks.PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS4, socks4_ip, socks4_port)socket.socket = socks.socksocket req = requests.get(mimvp_url2, timeout=30, verify=False) print("mimvp text : " + req.text) # 使用代理 socks5proxies = { 'socks5' : '190.9.58.211:45454', } socks5_ip = proxies['socks5'].split(":")[0]socks5_port = int(proxies['socks5'].split(":")[1])socks.setdefaultproxy(socks.PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS5, socks5_ip, socks5_port)socket.socket = socks.socksocket req = requests.get(mimvp_url2, timeout=30, verify=False) print("mimvp text : " + req.text) |
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本示例采用的米扑代理，支持 http、https、socks4、socks5等多种协议，覆盖全球120多个国家，中国34个省市
推荐米扑代理： http://proxy.mimvp.com
参考推荐：