Angularjs和jQuery的ajax的请求区别

原因分析

  Angularjs和jQuery的ajax的请求是不同的。在jquery中，官方文档解释contentType默认是application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8

contentType (default: ‘application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8’) Type: String When sending data to the server, use this content type. Default is “application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8”, which is fine for most cases. If you explicitly pass in a content-type to $.ajax(), then it is always sent to the server (even if no data is sent). The W3C XMLHttpRequest specification dictates that the charset is always UTF-8; specifying another charset will not force the browser to change the encoding. Note: For cross-domain requests, setting the content type to anything other than application/x-www-form-urlencoded, multipart/form-data, or text/plain will trigger the browser to send a preflight OPTIONS request to the server.

  而参数data，jquery进行了转换。

dataType: PlainObject or String or Array Data to be sent to the server. It is converted to a query string, if not already a string. It’s appended to the url for GET-requests. See processData option to prevent this automatic processing. Object must be Key/Value pairs. If value is an Array, jQuery serializes multiple values with same key based on the value of the traditional setting (described below).

  此外

Sending Data to the Server By default, Ajax requests are sent using the GET HTTP method. If the POST method is required, the method can be specified by setting a value for the type option. This option affects how the contents of the data option are sent to the server. POST data will always be transmitted to the server using UTF-8 charset, per the W3C XMLHTTPRequest standard. The data option can contain either a query string of the form key1=value1&key2=value2, or an object of the form {key1: ‘value1’, key2: ‘value2’}. If the latter form is used, the data is converted into a query string using jQuery.param()before it is sent. This processing can be circumvented by setting processData to false. The processing might be undesirable if you wish to send an XML object to the server; in this case, change the contentType option from application/x-www-form-urlencoded to a more appropriate MIME type.

  所以，jquery将javascript对象转换成字符串传给后台。在SpringMVC中，就可以使用@RequestParam注解或者request.getParameter()方法获取参数。   而在angular中，$http的contentType默认值是application/json;charset=UTF-8,这样在后台，SpringMVC通过@RequestParam注解或者request.getParameter()方法是获取不到参数的。

测试效果

• 使用angular的$http发送ajax请求(jsave)
• 使用jquery的$ajax发送ajax请求(asave)
• 使用angular的$http方法按照jquery中的方式发送ajax请求(ajsave)

$scope.asave = function(){
    $.ajax({
        type : 'POST',
        url : '/asave',
        data : {
            name:'csxiaoyao',
            id:'1'
        },
        dataType:'json',
        success : function(data){
            console.log(data);
        }
    });
};
$scope.jsave = function(){
    var user = {
        name : 'csxiaoyao',
        id : '1'
    }
    $http({
        method:'POST',
        url:'/jsave',
        data:user
    }).success(function(data){
        console.log(data);
    });
};
$scope.ajsave = function(){
    var data = 'name=csxiaoyao&id=1'
    $http({
        method: 'POST',
        url: '/ajsave',
        data: data,  // pass in data as strings
        headers: {'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8'}  
    }).success(function (data) {
        console.log(data);
    });
};

解决方案

  所以，如果想用angular达到相同的效果，有两步操作： 1. 修改Content-Type为application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8 2. 设置请求参数为key=value格式，如果有多个参数，使用&连接

  若一定要使用angular的方式，那后端使用springmvc接受参数需要定义一个有setter和getter方法的接受的类即可。