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社区首页 >专栏 >Android框架-Google官方Gson解析

Android框架-Google官方Gson解析

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发布2019-03-26 17:49:54
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发布2019-03-26 17:49:54
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文章被收录于专栏:Android技术分享Android技术分享
Gson(又称Google Gson)是 Google 公司发布的一个开放源代码的 Java库,主要用途为序列化 Java 对象为 JSON 字符串,或反序列化 JSON 字符串成 Java 对象。

JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) 是一种轻量级的数据交换格式,易于人阅读和编写,同时也易于机器解析和生成,广泛应用于各种数据的交互中,尤其是服务器与客户端的交互。

GitHub中的源码地址:https://github.com/google/gson

AS 在项目的 app 目录下的 buile.gradle 添加 gson 依赖:

<figure style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544000029563904px; orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">

<figcaption style="margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 0.7em; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); line-height: inherit; text-align: center;"></figcaption>

</figure>

Gson 的实例化方式:
代码语言:javascript
复制
Gson gson = new Gson();  //可以通过GsonBuilder配置多种选项  gson = new GsonBuilder()          .setLenient()// json宽松          .enableComplexMapKeySerialization()//支持Map的key为复杂对象的形式          .serializeNulls() //智能null          .setPrettyPrinting()// 调教格式          .disableHtmlEscaping() //默认是GSON把HTML 转义的          .create();  

接下来介绍 Gson 的集中基本用法:

1、对象和 json 字符串的相互转换(先准备一个 Person 类)
代码语言:javascript
复制
public class Person {      private int per_id;      private String name;      private String sex;      private int age;      public Person(int per_id, String name, String sex, int age) {          this.per_id = per_id;          this.name = name;          this.sex = sex;          this.age = age;      }      //get、set和toString方法...  }  
测试代码:
代码语言:javascript
复制
public class GsonTest {      public static void main(String[] args) {          Gson gson = new Gson();          // 可以通过GsonBuilder配置多种选项          gson = new GsonBuilder()                  .setLenient()// json宽松                  .enableComplexMapKeySerialization()// 支持Map的key为复杂对象的形式                  .serializeNulls() // 智能null                  .setPrettyPrinting()// 调教格式                  .disableHtmlEscaping() // 默认是GSON把HTML 转义的                  .create();          Person person = new Person(10, "layne", "man", 18);          // 对象转换为json字符串          String str = gson.toJson(person);          System.out.println("对象转换为json字符串:" + str);          // json字符串转化为对象          Person person1 = gson.fromJson(str, Person.class);          System.out.println("json字符串转化为对象:" + person1.toString());      }  }  
运行结果:

<figure style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544000029563904px; orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">

<figcaption style="margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 0.7em; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); line-height: inherit; text-align: center;"></figcaption>

</figure>

2、集合和 json 字符串之间的转换:
代码语言:javascript
复制
public class CollectionTest {      public static void main(String[] args) {          Gson gson = new Gson();          // 1.1、List字符串集合转换为字符串          ArrayList<String> str_list = new ArrayList<>();          for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {              str_list.add("这是字符串" + i);          }          String json_str = gson.toJson(str_list);          System.out.println("这是list字符串集合转化为json:" + json_str);          // 1.2、这是json集合转化为list字符集合          Type type = new TypeToken<ArrayList<String>>() {          }.getType();          ArrayList<String> sList = gson.fromJson(json_str, type);          System.out.println("这是json集合转化为list字符集合:" + sList);          System.out.println("==========================================");          // 2.1、List对象集合转换为字符串          List<Person> list = new ArrayList<>();          for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {              Person person = new Person(i, "layne", "man", 18);              list.add(person);          }          String json_str1 = gson.toJson(list);          System.out.println("这是list对象集合转化为json:" + json_str1);          // 2.1、这是json转化为List对象集合          Type type1 = new TypeToken<ArrayList<Person>>() {          }.getType();          ArrayList<String> sList1 = gson.fromJson(json_str1, type1);          System.out.println("这是json转化为List对象集合:" + sList1);          System.out.println("==========================================");          //3.1、这是map集合转化为json          Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();          map.put("per_id", 5);          map.put("name", "layne");          map.put("sex", "man");          map.put("age", "18");          String json_str2 = gson.toJson(map);          System.out.println("这是map集合转化为json:" + json_str2);          //3.2、从json字符串转化为map集合          Type type2 = new TypeToken<Map<String, Object>>() {          }.getType();          Map<String, Object> map1 = gson.fromJson(json_str2, type2);          System.out.println("这是json转化为map集合:" + map1);      }  }  

运行结果:

<figure style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544000029563904px; orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">

<figcaption style="margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 0.7em; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); line-height: inherit; text-align: center;"></figcaption>

</figure>

接下来介绍抽象基类 JsonElement 的继承体系类:

JSONObjectJSONArray 和 Android 自带的差不多,参见上篇 Android网络传输数据json解析的基本认识

JsonNull:实际上就是 null 的字符串字段

JsonPrimitive:这个其实挺有意思的,我们知道如果json转换成字符串会包含引号的转义,但是通过 JsonPrimative 我们可以获得为转义的字符串

代码语言:javascript
复制
public class JsonTest {      public static void main(String[] args) {          // JsonNull jsonNull = new JsonNull();// 构造方法过时,推荐INSTANCE          JsonNull jsonNull = JsonNull.INSTANCE;          System.out.println("JsonNull:" + jsonNull);          Gson gson = new Gson();          Person person = new Person(1, "layne", "man", 18);          String json_str = gson.toJson(person);          System.out.println("json字符串:" + json_str);          JsonPrimitive jsonPrimitive = new JsonPrimitive(json_str);          System.out.println("JsonPrimitive字符串:" + jsonPrimitive);// 多了转义字符,以及头尾的双引号:"{\"per_id\":1,\"name\":\"layne\",\"sex\":\"man\",\"age\":18}"          System.out.println("JsonPrimitive字符串:" + jsonPrimitive.getAsString());        }  }  
运行结果:

<figure style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544000029563904px; orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">

<figcaption style="margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 0.7em; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); line-height: inherit; text-align: center;"></figcaption>

</figure>

Gson 库中的注解:有五种注解

<figure style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544000029563904px; orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">

<figcaption style="margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 0.7em; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); line-height: inherit; text-align: center;"></figcaption>

</figure>

1、首先着重的先说明重命名注解: SerializedName

注解的作用:转换 key 关键字,json 转换成对象是,json 字段的 key 默认必须和声明类的字段名称一样。但是如果服务器返回的数据中 key 是关键字,这该怎么办?例如 key 是 case、switch 等,我们在声明类的时候是不能用这些字段的。或许你会让服务端那边改动,那服务端可能要改动非常的大,但是实际情况是不太愿意去改的。而这时候重命名注解就派上用场了。

还有就是如果服务端返回的 json 的 key 太冗余、或是不直观,这是就可以简化一下,代码看起来比较的优雅。

替换关键字的 key:
代码语言:javascript
复制
public class AnnotationTest {      public class Person {          private int per_id;          private String name;          private String sex;          @SerializedName("case")          private int case_num;          public Person(int per_id, String name, String sex, int case_num) {              super();              this.per_id = per_id;              this.name = name;              this.sex = sex;              this.case_num = case_num;          }          @Override          public String toString() {              return "Person-->[per_id=" + per_id + ", name=" + name + ", sex="                      + sex + ", case_num=" + case_num + "]";          }      }      public static void main(String[] args) {          Gson gson = new Gson();          String json_str = "{\"per_id\":1,\"name\":\"layne\",\"sex\":\"man\",\"case\":18}";          Person person = gson.fromJson(json_str, Person.class);          System.out.println("服务端发送的情况:"+json_str);          System.out.println("移动端转换的情况:"+person);      }  }  
运行结果:

<figure style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544000029563904px; orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">

<figcaption style="margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 0.7em; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); line-height: inherit; text-align: center;"></figcaption>

</figure>

替换冗余、难看的 key:
代码语言:javascript
复制
public class AnnotationTest1 {      public class Person {          private int per_id;          private String name;          private String sex;          @SerializedName("home_light_state")          private boolean state;          public Person(int per_id, String name, String sex, boolean state) {              super();              this.per_id = per_id;              this.name = name;              this.sex = sex;              this.state = state;          }          @Override          public String toString() {              return "Person [per_id=" + per_id + ", name=" + name + ", sex="                      + sex + ", state=" + state + "]";          }      }      public static void main(String[] args) {          Gson gson = new Gson();          String json_str = "{\"per_id\":1,\"name\":\"layne\",\"sex\":\"man\",\"home_light_state\":true}";          Person person = gson.fromJson(json_str, Person.class);          System.out.println("服务端发送的情况:"+json_str);          System.out.println("移动端转换的情况:"+person);      }  }  
运行结果:

<figure style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544000029563904px; orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">

<figcaption style="margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 0.7em; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); line-height: inherit; text-align: center;"></figcaption>

</figure>

注解作用2:结合 alternate 提供多种备用字段key来解析,@SerializedName(value = "state", alternate = { "plus", "all" })

如果 json 中有 plus 就会解析成 state,如果有 all 也会解析成 state,当然 state 依旧不变的。 注意1:value 中的值不能出现在 alternate 中; 注意2:alternate 的备选字段会后面的替换前面的。

实例代码:
代码语言:javascript
复制
public class AnnotationTest2 {      public class Person {          private int per_id;          private String name;          private String sex;          @SerializedName(value = "state", alternate = { "plus", "all" })          private String state;          public Person(int per_id, String name, String sex, String state) {              super();              this.per_id = per_id;              this.name = name;              this.sex = sex;              this.state = state;          }          @Override          public String toString() {              return "Person [per_id=" + per_id + ", name=" + name + ", sex="                      + sex + ", state=" + state + "]";          }      }      public static void main(String[] args) {          Gson gson = new Gson();          String json_str = "{\"per_id\":1,\"name\":\"layne\",\"sex\":\"man\",\"all\":\"广东广州\"}";          Person person = gson.fromJson(json_str, Person.class);          System.out.println("服务端发送:"+json_str);          System.out.println("转换成:" + person);          System.out.println("==========================");          String json_str1 = "{\"per_id\":1,\"name\":\"layne\",\"sex\":\"man\",\"plus\":\"广东广州\"}";          Person person1 = gson.fromJson(json_str1, Person.class);          System.out.println("服务端发送:"+json_str1);          System.out.println("转换成:" + person1);          System.out.println("==========================");          //all在state之后,所以all会解析成state,值则是all的原先的值          String json_str2 = "{\"per_id\":1,\"name\":\"layne\",\"sex\":\"man\",\"state\":\"state广东广州\",\"all\":\"all广东广州\"}";          Person person2 = gson.fromJson(json_str2, Person.class);          System.out.println("服务端发送:"+json_str2);          System.out.println("转换成:" + person2);          System.out.println("==========================");          //state在最后,不用解析,解析后的值也是state原先的          String json_str3 = "{\"per_id\":1,\"name\":\"layne\",\"sex\":\"man\",\"plus\":\"plus广东广州\",\"state\":\"all广东广州\"}";          Person person3 = gson.fromJson(json_str3, Person.class);          System.out.println("服务端发送:"+json_str3);          System.out.println("转换成:" + person3);          System.out.println("==========================");      }  }  
运行结果:

<figure style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544000029563904px; orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">

<figcaption style="margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 0.7em; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); line-height: inherit; text-align: center;"></figcaption>

</figure>

2、过滤注解:Expose

源码:默认既可序列化又可反序列化

代码语言:javascript
复制
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)  @Target(ElementType.FIELD)  public @interface Expose {    public boolean serialize() default true;    public boolean deserialize() default true;  }  

可以排除不需要序列化的字段,需要配合 GsonBuilder 使用

代码语言:javascript
复制
Gson gson = new GsonBuilder()                  .excludeFieldsWithoutExposeAnnotation()                  .create();  

不添加 @Expose 注解的字段将不会解析,分为以下几种情况: 1、不添加 @Expose 注解等同于 @Expose(deserialize = false,serialize = false) 不做任何解析 2、@Expose(deserialize = true,serialize = false) 只解析用用,也就是反序列化可以,序列化不可以 3、@Expose(deserialize = false,serialize = true) 序列化可以,反序列化不行 4、@Expose(deserialize = true,serialize = true) 既可以序列化,也可以反序列化

实例代码:

不添加 @Expose 注解等同于 @Expose(deserialize = false,serialize = false) 不做任何解析

代码语言:javascript
复制
public class ExposeTest {      public static class Person {          private int per_id;          private String name;          private String sex;          private boolean state;          public Person(int per_id, String name, String sex, boolean state) {              this.per_id = per_id;              this.name = name;              this.sex = sex;              this.state = state;          }          @Override          public String toString() {              return "Person-->[per_id=" + per_id + ", name=" + name + ", sex="                      + sex + ", state=" + state + "]";          }      }      public static void main(String[] args) {          String json_str = "{\"per_id\":1,\"name\":\"layne\",\"sex\":\"man\",\"state\":true}";          Gson gson = new GsonBuilder().excludeFieldsWithoutExposeAnnotation()                  .create();          Person person = gson.fromJson(json_str, Person.class);          System.out.println("反序列化:" + person);          Person person1 = new Person(2, "layne", "man", true);          String json_str1 = gson.toJson(person1);          System.out.println("序列化:"+json_str1);      }  }  
运行结果:

<figure style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544000029563904px; orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">

<figcaption style="margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 0.7em; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); line-height: inherit; text-align: center;"></figcaption>

</figure>

其余三种情况请查看原文

3、版本控制注解:Since、Util

Since 注解:Gson 实例配置 GsonBuilder.setVersion(n) 使用,当 n>=v 时,才会序列化解析

实例代码:
代码语言:javascript
复制
public class SinceTest {      public static class Person {           @Since(2)          private int per_id;           @Since(2)          private String name;           @Since(2)          private String sex;           @Since(2)          private boolean state;          public Person(int per_id, String name, String sex, boolean state) {              this.per_id = per_id;              this.name = name;              this.sex = sex;              this.state = state;          }          @Override          public String toString() {              return "Person-->[per_id=" + per_id + ", name=" + name + ", sex="                      + sex + ", state=" + state + "]";          }      }      public static void main(String[] args) {          String json_str = "{\"per_id\":1,\"name\":\"layne\",\"sex\":\"man\",\"state\":true}";          Gson gson = new GsonBuilder().setVersion(1)//版本为1                  .create();          Person person = gson.fromJson(json_str, Person.class);          System.out.println("反序列化v=1:" + person);          Person person1 = new Person(2, "layne", "man", true);          String json_str1 = gson.toJson(person1);          System.out.println("序列化v=1:"+json_str1);          System.out.println("=================================");          Gson gson1 = new GsonBuilder().setVersion(2)//版本为2                  .create();          Person person2 = gson1.fromJson(json_str, Person.class);          System.out.println("反序列化v=2:" + person2);          Person person3 = new Person(2, "layne", "man", true);          String json_str2 = gson1.toJson(person3);          System.out.println("序列化v=2:"+json_str2);          System.out.println("=================================");          Gson gson2 = new GsonBuilder().setVersion(3)//版本为3                  .create();          Person person4 = gson2.fromJson(json_str, Person.class);          System.out.println("反序列化v=3:" + person4);          Person person5 = new Person(2, "layne", "man", true);          String json_str3 = gson2.toJson(person5);          System.out.println("序列化v=3:"+json_str3);      }  }  
运行结果:

<figure style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544000029563904px; orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">

<figcaption style="margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 0.7em; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); line-height: inherit; text-align: center;"></figcaption>

</figure>

Util 注解:Gson 实例配置 GsonBuilder.setVersion(n) 使用,当 n < v 时,才会序列化解析

实例代码:
代码语言:javascript
复制
public class UtilTest {      public static class Person {          @Until(2)          private int per_id;          @Until(2)          private String name;          @Until(2)          private String sex;          @Until(2)          private boolean state;          public Person(int per_id, String name, String sex, boolean state) {              this.per_id = per_id;              this.name = name;              this.sex = sex;              this.state = state;          }          @Override          public String toString() {              return "Person-->[per_id=" + per_id + ", name=" + name + ", sex="                      + sex + ", state=" + state + "]";          }      }      public static void main(String[] args) {          String json_str = "{\"per_id\":1,\"name\":\"layne\",\"sex\":\"man\",\"state\":true}";          Gson gson = new GsonBuilder().setVersion(1)// 版本为1                  .create();          Person person = gson.fromJson(json_str, Person.class);          System.out.println("反序列化v=1:" + person);          Person person1 = new Person(2, "layne", "man", true);          String json_str1 = gson.toJson(person1);          System.out.println("序列化v=1:" + json_str1);          System.out.println("=================================");          Gson gson1 = new GsonBuilder().setVersion(2)// 版本为2                  .create();          Person person2 = gson1.fromJson(json_str, Person.class);          System.out.println("反序列化v=2:" + person2);          Person person3 = new Person(2, "layne", "man", true);          String json_str2 = gson1.toJson(person3);          System.out.println("序列化v=2:" + json_str2);          System.out.println("=================================");          Gson gson2 = new GsonBuilder().setVersion(3)// 版本为3                  .create();          Person person4 = gson2.fromJson(json_str, Person.class);          System.out.println("反序列化v=3:" + person4);          Person person5 = new Person(2, "layne", "man", true);          String json_str3 = gson2.toJson(person5);          System.out.println("序列化v=3:" + json_str3);      }  }  
运行结果:

<figure style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544000029563904px; orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">

<figcaption style="margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 0.7em; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); line-height: inherit; text-align: center;"></figcaption>

</figure>

Gson 还有一种更高级的手法进行序列化和反序列化,那就是 TypeAdapter ,就是就是对象 json 之间的互相转换 接替了T 泛型类的序列化和反序列化的逻辑,大家如果有兴趣可以去看一下源码,2.1版本之前后的用法是不一样的,2.1版本之前可以自定义 adapter,在2.1版本之后更推荐直接插入泛型就使用。在这里演示泛型的

代码演示:

代码语言:javascript
复制
public class TypeAdapterTest {      public static class Person {          private int per_id;          private String name;          private String sex;          private boolean state;          public Person(int per_id, String name, String sex, boolean state) {              this.per_id = per_id;              this.name = name;              this.sex = sex;              this.state = state;          }          @Override          public String toString() {              return "Person-->[per_id=" + per_id + ", name=" + name + ", sex="                      + sex + ", state=" + state + "]";          }      }      public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {          Gson gson = new Gson();          TypeAdapter<Person> personTypeAdapter = gson.getAdapter(Person.class);          Person person = new Person(1, "layne", "man", true);          String json_str = personTypeAdapter.toJson(person);          System.out.println("序列化结果:" + json_str);          Person person1 = personTypeAdapter.fromJson(json_str);          System.out.println("反序列化结果:" + person1);      }  }  
运行结果:

<figure style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544000029563904px; orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">

<figcaption style="margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 0.7em; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); line-height: inherit; text-align: center;"></figcaption>

</figure>

接下来就是容错机制

为什么要容错了? 在 javaBean 中编号 per_id 声明的事 int 类,如果服务端返回的是""空字符串,那么客户端该怎么办?崩溃吗? 这时候就需要容错机制啦,容错的实现方式:

  1. 创建 Gson 的方式
  2. 使用 JsonReader
  3. 自定义 TypeAdapter
  4. 使用注解 JsonAdapter,其实也是自定义 Adapter

方式1和2可以归为一类 由框架实现,基本 json 大格式规范,键值对不标准,多引号的问题等等,而不报错停止解析,但是功能相对较弱,能解决 bug

方式1:Gson 的创建方式

代码语言:javascript
复制
gson = new GsonBuilder()                      .setLenient()// json宽松                      .create();    

方式2:使用 JsonReader

代码语言:javascript
复制
JsonReader jsonReader = gson.newJsonReader(value.charStream());  jsonReader.setLenient(true);  

方式 3和4也可以归为一类,都属于自定义 adapter,但是方式3与 gson 绑定,方式4使用注解和字段绑定

代码示例:(这种方式比较倾向于整体)

代码语言:javascript
复制
public class FaultToleranceTest {      public static class Person {          private int per_id;          private String name;          private String sex;          private boolean state;          public Person() {          }          public Person(int per_id, String name, String sex, boolean state) {              this.per_id = per_id;              this.name = name;              this.sex = sex;              this.state = state;          }          @Override          public String toString() {              return "Person-->[per_id=" + per_id + ", name=" + name + ", sex="                      + sex + ", state=" + state + "]";          }      }      public static class PersonTypeAdapter extends TypeAdapter<Person> {          @Override          public Person read(JsonReader in) throws IOException {              Person person = new Person();              in.beginObject();              while (in.hasNext()) {                  switch (in.nextName()) {                  case "per_id":                      try {                          String str = in.nextString();                          person.per_id = Integer.valueOf(str);                      } catch (Exception e) {                      }                      break;                  case "name":                      person.name = in.nextString();                      break;                  case "sex":                      person.sex = in.nextString();                      break;                  case "state":                      person.state = in.nextBoolean();                      break;                  }              }              in.endObject();              return person;          }          @Override          public void write(JsonWriter out, Person person) throws IOException {              out.beginObject();              out.name("per_id").value(person.per_id);              out.name("name").value(person.name);              out.name("sex").value(person.sex);              out.name("state").value(person.state);              out.endObject();          }      }      public static void main(String[] args) {          Gson gson = new Gson();          String json_str = "{\"per_id\":\"\",\"name\":\"layne\",\"sex\":\"man\",\"state\":true}";          System.out.println("服务端发送:" + json_str);          try {              Person person = gson.fromJson(json_str, Person.class);              System.out.println("默认Gson解析:" + person);          } catch (JsonParseException e) {// java.lang.NumberFormatException:                                          // empty String              System.out.println("默认Gson解析异常:" + e);          }          Gson gson2 = new GsonBuilder().registerTypeAdapter(Person.class,                  new PersonTypeAdapter()).create();          try {              Person person2 = gson2.fromJson(json_str, Person.class);              System.out.println("自定义PersonTypeAdapter解析:" + person2);          } catch (JsonParseException e) {// java.lang.NumberFormatException:                                          // empty String              System.out.println("自定义PersonTypeAdapter解析异常:" + e);          }          try {              PersonTypeAdapter personTypeAdapter = new PersonTypeAdapter();              Person person3 = personTypeAdapter.fromJson(json_str);              System.out.println("自定义PersonTypeAdapter解析2:" + person3);          } catch (Exception e) {              System.out.println("自定义PersonTypeAdapter解析异常2:" + e);          }      }  }  
运行结果:

<figure style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544000029563904px; orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">

<figcaption style="margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 0.7em; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); line-height: inherit; text-align: center;"></figcaption>

</figure>

3. 自定义 TypeAdapter

上面的方式是倾向于整体的,下面是注解的方式,比较倾向于字段

代码演示:

代码语言:javascript
复制
public class FaultToleranceTest1 {      public static class Person {          @JsonAdapter(IntegerTypeAdapter.class)          private int per_id;          private String name;          private String sex;          private boolean state;          public Person() {          }          public Person(int per_id, String name, String sex, boolean state) {              this.per_id = per_id;              this.name = name;              this.sex = sex;              this.state = state;          }          @Override          public String toString() {              return "Person-->[per_id=" + per_id + ", name=" + name + ", sex="                      + sex + ", state=" + state + "]";          }      }      public static class Person1 {          private int per_id;          private String name;          private String sex;          private boolean state;          public Person1() {          }          public Person1(int per_id, String name, String sex, boolean state) {              this.per_id = per_id;              this.name = name;              this.sex = sex;              this.state = state;          }          @Override          public String toString() {              return "Person1-->[per_id=" + per_id + ", name=" + name + ", sex="                      + sex + ", state=" + state + "]";          }      }      public static class IntegerTypeAdapter extends TypeAdapter<Integer> {          @Override          public void write(JsonWriter out, Integer value) throws IOException {              out.value(value);          }          @Override          public Integer read(JsonReader in) throws IOException {              int i = 0;              try {                  String str = in.nextString();                  i = Integer.valueOf(str);              } catch (Exception e) {              }              return i;          }      }      public static void main(String[] args) {          Gson gson = new Gson();          String json_str = "{\"per_id\":\"\",\"name\":\"layne\",\"sex\":\"man\",\"state\":true}";          System.out.println("服务器发送:" + json_str);          try {              Person1 person1 = gson.fromJson(json_str, Person1.class);              System.out.println("gson解析:" + person1);          } catch (Exception e) {              System.out.println("gson解析异常:" + e);          }          try {              Person person = gson.fromJson(json_str, Person.class);              System.out.println("JsonAdapter注解解析:" + person);          } catch (JsonParseException e) {// java.lang.NumberFormatException:                                          // empty String              System.out.println("JsonAdapter注解异常:" + e);          }      }  }  
运行结果:

<figure style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544000029563904px; orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">

<figcaption style="margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 0.7em; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); line-height: inherit; text-align: center;"></figcaption>

</figure>

上面的两种方式保险是很保险的,但是代码量大,需要维护的地方也多,这里介绍另外一种方式: JsonSerializer 与 JsonDeserializer 之关系单方面的处理,可以全局注册某个类型的处理

代码演示:

代码语言:javascript
复制
public class FaultToleranceTest2 {      public static class Person {          private int per_id;          private String name;          private String sex;          private boolean state;          public Person() {          }          public Person(int per_id, String name, String sex, boolean state) {              this.per_id = per_id;              this.name = name;              this.sex = sex;              this.state = state;          }          @Override          public String toString() {              return "Person-->[per_id=" + per_id + ", name=" + name + ", sex="                      + sex + ", state=" + state + "]";          }      }      public static void main(String[] args) {          JsonDeserializer<Integer> jsonDeserializer = new JsonDeserializer<Integer>() {              @Override              public Integer deserialize(JsonElement json, Type arg1,                      JsonDeserializationContext arg2) throws JsonParseException {                  try {                      return json.getAsInt();                  } catch (NumberFormatException e) {                      return 0;                  }              }          };          String json_str = "{\"per_id\":\"\",\"name\":\"layne\",\"sex\":\"man\",\"state\":true}";          System.out.println("服务器发送:" + json_str);          Gson gson = new Gson();          try {              Person person1 = gson.fromJson(json_str, Person.class);              System.out.println("默认gson解析:" + person1);          } catch (Exception e) {              System.out.println("默认gson解析异常:" + e);          }          //方式1.创建Gson的方式          Gson gson1 = new GsonBuilder().registerTypeAdapter(int.class,                  jsonDeserializer).create();          try {              Person person = gson1.fromJson(json_str, Person.class);              System.out.println("JsonDeserializer<Integer>解析:" + person);          } catch (Exception e) {              System.out.println("JsonDeserializer<Integer>解析异常:" + e);          }      }  }  
运行结果:

<figure style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544000029563904px; orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">

</figure>

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目录
  • Gson(又称Google Gson)是 Google 公司发布的一个开放源代码的 Java库,主要用途为序列化 Java 对象为 JSON 字符串,或反序列化 JSON 字符串成 Java 对象。
  • Gson 的实例化方式:
  • 接下来介绍 Gson 的集中基本用法:
    • 1、对象和 json 字符串的相互转换(先准备一个 Person 类)
      • 测试代码:
      • 运行结果:
    • 2、集合和 json 字符串之间的转换:
      • 运行结果:
  • 接下来介绍抽象基类 JsonElement 的继承体系类:
  • Gson 库中的注解:有五种注解
    • 1、首先着重的先说明重命名注解: SerializedName
      • 替换关键字的 key:
      • 运行结果:
    • 替换冗余、难看的 key:
      • 运行结果:
      • 实例代码:
      • 运行结果:
    • 2、过滤注解:Expose
      • 实例代码:
      • 运行结果:
    • 3、版本控制注解:Since、Util
      • 实例代码:
      • 运行结果:
      • 实例代码:
      • 运行结果:
      • 运行结果:
      • 运行结果:
      • 运行结果:
      • 运行结果:
  • 方式1:Gson 的创建方式
  • 方式2:使用 JsonReader
  • 3. 自定义 TypeAdapter
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