Elasticsearch之中文分词器插件es-ik（博主推荐）

双面人

发布于 2019-04-10 15:33:29

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发布于 2019-04-10 15:33:29

文章被收录于专栏：热爱IT

Elasticsearch之几个重要的分词器

elasticsearch官方默认的分词插件

　　1、elasticsearch官方默认的分词插件，对中文分词效果不理想。

　　比如，我现在，拿个具体实例来展现下，验证为什么，es官网提供的分词插件对中文分词而言，效果差。

[hadoop@HadoopMaster elasticsearch-2.4.3]$ jps 2044 Jps 1979 Elasticsearch [hadoop@HadoopMaster elasticsearch-2.4.3]$ pwd /home/hadoop/app/elasticsearch-2.4.3 [hadoop@HadoopMaster elasticsearch-2.4.3]$ curl 'http://192.168.80.10:9200/zhouls/_analyze?pretty=true' -d '{"text":"这里是好记性不如烂笔头感叹号的博客园"}' { "tokens" : [ { "token" : "这", "start_offset" : 0, "end_offset" : 1, "type" : "<IDEOGRAPHIC>", "position" : 0 }, { "token" : "里", "start_offset" : 1, "end_offset" : 2, "type" : "<IDEOGRAPHIC>", "position" : 1 }, { "token" : "是", "start_offset" : 2, "end_offset" : 3, "type" : "<IDEOGRAPHIC>", "position" : 2 }, { "token" : "好", "start_offset" : 3, "end_offset" : 4, "type" : "<IDEOGRAPHIC>", "position" : 3 }, { "token" : "记",

"start_offset" : 4, "end_offset" : 5, "type" : "<IDEOGRAPHIC>", "position" : 4 }, { "token" : "性", "start_offset" : 5, "end_offset" : 6, "type" : "<IDEOGRAPHIC>", "position" : 5 }, { "token" : "不", "start_offset" : 6, "end_offset" : 7, "type" : "<IDEOGRAPHIC>", "position" : 6 }, { "token" : "如", "start_offset" : 7, "end_offset" : 8, "type" : "<IDEOGRAPHIC>", "position" : 7 }, { "token" : "烂", "start_offset" : 8, "end_offset" : 9, "type" : "<IDEOGRAPHIC>", "position" : 8 }, { "token" : "笔",

"start_offset" : 9, "end_offset" : 10, "type" : "<IDEOGRAPHIC>", "position" : 9 }, { "token" : "头", "start_offset" : 10, "end_offset" : 11, "type" : "<IDEOGRAPHIC>", "position" : 10 }, { "token" : "感", "start_offset" : 11, "end_offset" : 12, "type" : "<IDEOGRAPHIC>", "position" : 11 }, { "token" : "叹", "start_offset" : 12, "end_offset" : 13, "type" : "<IDEOGRAPHIC>", "position" : 12 }, { "token" : "号", "start_offset" : 13, "end_offset" : 14, "type" : "<IDEOGRAPHIC>", "position" : 13 }, { "token" : "的",

"start_offset" : 14, "end_offset" : 15, "type" : "<IDEOGRAPHIC>", "position" : 14 }, { "token" : "博", "start_offset" : 15, "end_offset" : 16, "type" : "<IDEOGRAPHIC>", "position" : 15 }, { "token" : "客", "start_offset" : 16, "end_offset" : 17, "type" : "<IDEOGRAPHIC>", "position" : 16 }, { "token" : "园", "start_offset" : 17, "end_offset" : 18, "type" : "<IDEOGRAPHIC>", "position" : 17 } ] } [hadoop@HadoopMaster elasticsearch-2.4.3]$

总结

如果直接使用Elasticsearch的朋友在处理中文内容的搜索时，肯定会遇到很尴尬的问题——中文词语被分成了一个一个的汉字，当用Kibana作图的时候，按照term来分组，结果一个汉字被分成了一组。

这是因为使用了Elasticsearch中默认的标准分词器，这个分词器在处理中文的时候会把中文单词切分成一个一个的汉字，因此引入es之中文的分词器插件es-ik就能解决这个问题。

如何集成IK分词工具

　总的流程如下：

第一步：下载es的IK插件https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-ik/tree/2.x

第二步：使用maven对下载的es-ik源码进行编译(mvn clean package -DskipTests)

第三步：把编译后的target/releases下的elasticsearch-analysis-ik-1.10.3.zip文件拷贝到ES_HOME/plugins/ik目录下面，然后使用unzip命令解压

　　　　如果unzip命令不存在，则安装：yum install -y unzip

第四步：重启es服务

第五步：测试分词效果： curl 'http://your ip:9200/zhouls/_analyze?analyzer=ik_max_word&pretty=true' -d '{"text":"这里是好记性不如烂笔头感叹号的博客们"}'

　　注意：若你是单节点的es集群的话，则只需在一台部署es-ik。若比如像我这里的话，是3台，则需在三台都部署es-ik，且配置要一样。

elasticsearch-analysis-ik-1.10.0.zip　　对应于　　elasticsearch-2.4.0

elasticsearch-analysis-ik-1.10.3.zip　　对应于　　elasticsearch-2.4.3

　　我这里，已经给大家准备好了，以下是我的CSDN账号。下载好了，大家可以去下载。

http://download.csdn.net/detail/u010106732/9890897


http://download.csdn.net/detail/u010106732/9890918

https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-ik/tree/v1.10.0

第一步: 在浏览器里，输入https://github.com/

第二步：https://github.com/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=elasticsearch-ik

第三步：https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-ik ，点击2.x 。当然也有一些人在用2.4.0版本，都适用。若你是使用5.X，则自己对号入座即可，这个很简单。

第四步：https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-ik/tree/2.x 得到

第五步：找到之后，点击，下载，这里选择离线安装。

第六步：将Elasticsearch之中文分词器插件es-ik的压缩包解压下，初步认识下其目录结构，比如我这里放到D盘下来认识下。并为后续的maven编译做基础。

第七步：用本地安装好的maven来编译

C:\Users\Administrator>cd D:\elasticsearch-analysis-ik-2.x

C:\Users\Administrator>d:

D:\elasticsearch-analysis-ik-2.x>mvn

　　得到，

D:\elasticsearch-analysis-ik-2.x>mvn clean package -DskipTests [INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Building elasticsearch-analysis-ik 1.10.4 [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Downloading: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/repositories/central/org/apac he/maven/plugins/maven-enforcer-plugin/1.0/maven-enforcer-plugin-1.0.pom Downloaded: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/repositories/central/org/apach e/maven/plugins/maven-enforcer-plugin/1.0/maven-enforcer-plugin-1.0.pom (7 KB at 2.5 KB/sec) Downloading: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/repositories/central/org/apac he/maven/enforcer/enforcer/1.0/enforcer-1.0.pom Downloaded: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/repositories/central/org/apach e/maven/enforcer/enforcer/1.0/enforcer-1.0.pom (12 KB at 19.5 KB/sec) Downloading: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/repositories/central/org/apac he/maven/maven-parent/17/maven-parent-17.pom Downloaded: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/repositories/central/org/apach e/maven/maven-parent/17/maven-parent-17.pom (25 KB at 41.9 KB/sec) Downloading: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/repositories/central/org/apac he/maven/plugins/maven-enforcer-plugin/1.0/maven-enforcer-plugin-1.0.jar Downloaded: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/repositories/central/org/apach e/maven/plugins/maven-enforcer-plugin/1.0/maven-enforcer-plugin-1.0.jar (22 KB a t 44.2 KB/sec) Downloading: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/repositories/central/org/apac he/maven/plugins/maven-compiler-plugin/3.5.1/maven-compiler-plugin-3.5.1.pom Downloaded: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/repositories/central/org/apach e/maven/plugins/maven-compiler-plugin/3.5.1/maven-compiler-plugin-3.5.1.pom (10 KB at 35.3 KB/sec) Downloading: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/repositories/central/org/apac he/maven/plugins/maven-plugins/28/maven-plugins-28.pom Downloaded: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/repositories/central/org/apach e/maven/plugins/maven-plugins/28/maven-plugins-28.pom (12 KB at 42.1 KB/sec) Downloading: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/repositories/central/org/apac he/maven/maven-parent/27/maven-parent-27.pom Downloaded: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/repositories/central/org/apach e/maven/maven-parent/27/maven-parent-27.pom (40 KB at 94.0 KB/sec) Downloading: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/repositories/central/org/apac he/apache/17/apache-17.pom Downloaded: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/repositories/central/org/apach

　　需要等待一会儿，这个根据自己的网速快慢。

Downloaded: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/repositories/central/org/apach e/maven/maven-archiver/2.4/maven-archiver-2.4.jar (20 KB at 19.8 KB/sec) Downloading: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/repositories/central/org/apac he/maven/shared/maven-repository-builder/1.0-alpha-2/maven-repository-builder-1. 0-alpha-2.jar Downloaded: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/repositories/central/org/apach e/maven/maven-project/2.0.4/maven-project-2.0.4.jar (107 KB at 84.7 KB/sec) Downloaded: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/repositories/central/org/codeh aus/plexus/plexus-utils/2.0.1/plexus-utils-2.0.1.jar (217 KB at 158.7 KB/sec) Downloaded: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/repositories/central/org/apach e/maven/shared/maven-repository-builder/1.0-alpha-2/maven-repository-builder-1.0 -alpha-2.jar (23 KB at 16.4 KB/sec) Downloaded: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/repositories/central/org/apach e/maven/maven-model/2.0.4/maven-model-2.0.4.jar (79 KB at 54.3 KB/sec) Downloaded: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/repositories/central/org/apach e/maven/maven-artifact/2.0.4/maven-artifact-2.0.4.jar (79 KB at 52.9 KB/sec) [INFO] Reading assembly descriptor: D:\elasticsearch-analysis-ik-2.x/src/main/as semblies/plugin.xml [INFO] Building zip: D:\elasticsearch-analysis-ik-2.x\target\releases\elasticsea rch-analysis-ik-1.10.4.zip [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time: 01:22 min [INFO] Finished at: 2017-02-25T14:48:40+08:00 [INFO] Final Memory: 35M/609M [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

D:\elasticsearch-analysis-ik-2.x>

　　成功，得到。

　　这里，需要本地（即windows系统）里，提前安装好maven，需要来编译。若没安装的博友，请移步，见

Eclipse下Maven新建项目、自动打依赖jar包（包含普通项目和Web项目）

最后得到是，

第八步：将最后编译好的，分别上传到3台机器里。$ES_HOME/plugins/ik 目录下,注意需要新建ik目录。

[hadoop@HadoopSlave1 elasticsearch-2.4.3]$ pwd /home/hadoop/app/elasticsearch-2.4.3 [hadoop@HadoopSlave1 elasticsearch-2.4.3]$ ll total 56 drwxrwxr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Feb 22 01:37 bin drwxrwxr-x. 3 hadoop hadoop 4096 Feb 22 22:43 config drwxrwxr-x. 3 hadoop hadoop 4096 Feb 22 07:07 data drwxrwxr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Feb 22 01:37 lib -rw-rw-r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 11358 Aug 24 2016 LICENSE.txt drwxrwxr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Feb 25 05:15 logs drwxrwxr-x. 5 hadoop hadoop 4096 Dec 8 00:41 modules -rw-rw-r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 150 Aug 24 2016 NOTICE.txt drwxrwxr-x. 4 hadoop hadoop 4096 Feb 22 06:02 plugins -rw-rw-r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 8700 Aug 24 2016 README.textile [hadoop@HadoopSlave1 elasticsearch-2.4.3]$ cd plugins/ [hadoop@HadoopSlave1 plugins]$ ll total 8 drwxrwxr-x. 5 hadoop hadoop 4096 Feb 22 06:02 head drwxrwxr-x. 8 hadoop hadoop 4096 Feb 22 06:02 kopf [hadoop@HadoopSlave1 plugins]$ mkdir ik [hadoop@HadoopSlave1 plugins]$ pwd /home/hadoop/app/elasticsearch-2.4.3/plugins [hadoop@HadoopSlave1 plugins]$ ll total 12 drwxrwxr-x. 5 hadoop hadoop 4096 Feb 22 06:02 head drwxrwxr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Feb 25 06:18 ik drwxrwxr-x. 8 hadoop hadoop 4096 Feb 22 06:02 kopf

[hadoop@HadoopSlave1 plugins]$ cd ik/ [hadoop@HadoopSlave1 ik]$ pwd /home/hadoop/app/elasticsearch-2.4.3/plugins/ik [hadoop@HadoopSlave1 ik]$ rz

[hadoop@HadoopSlave1 ik]$ ll total 4400 -rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 4505518 Jan 15 08:59 elasticsearch-analysis-ik-1.10.3.zip [hadoop@HadoopSlave1 ik]$

第九步：关闭es服务进程

[hadoop@HadoopSlave1 ik]$ jps 1874 Elasticsearch 2078 Jps [hadoop@HadoopSlave1 ik]$ kill -9 1874 [hadoop@HadoopSlave1 ik]$ jps 2089 Jps [hadoop@HadoopSlave1 ik]$

第十步：使用unzip命令解压，如果unzip命令不存在，则安装：yum install -y unzip。

[hadoop@HadoopSlave1 ik]$ unzip elasticsearch-analysis-ik-1.10.3.zip Archive: elasticsearch-analysis-ik-1.10.3.zip inflating: elasticsearch-analysis-ik-1.10.3.jar inflating: httpclient-4.5.2.jar inflating: httpcore-4.4.4.jar inflating: commons-logging-1.2.jar inflating: commons-codec-1.9.jar inflating: plugin-descriptor.properties creating: config/ creating: config/custom/ inflating: config/custom/ext_stopword.dic inflating: config/custom/mydict.dic inflating: config/custom/single_word.dic inflating: config/custom/single_word_full.dic inflating: config/custom/single_word_low_freq.dic inflating: config/custom/sougou.dic inflating: config/IKAnalyzer.cfg.xml inflating: config/main.dic inflating: config/preposition.dic inflating: config/quantifier.dic inflating: config/stopword.dic inflating: config/suffix.dic inflating: config/surname.dic [hadoop@HadoopSlave1 ik]$ ll total 5828 -rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 263965 Dec 1 2015 commons-codec-1.9.jar -rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 61829 Dec 1 2015 commons-logging-1.2.jar drwxr-xr-x. 3 hadoop hadoop 4096 Jan 1 12:46 config -rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 55998 Jan 1 13:27 elasticsearch-analysis-ik-1.10.3.jar -rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 4505518 Jan 15 08:59 elasticsearch-analysis-ik-1.10.3.zip -rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 736658 Jan 1 13:26 httpclient-4.5.2.jar -rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 326724 Jan 1 13:07 httpcore-4.4.4.jar -rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 2667 Jan 1 13:27 plugin-descriptor.properties

[hadoop@HadoopSlave1 ik]$

　　同理，其他两台也是。

第十一步：重启三台机器的es服务进程

　　其实，若想更具体地，看得，es安装中文分词器es-ik之后，的变化情况，直接，在$ES_HOME下，执行bin/elasticsearch。当然，我这里只是给你展示下而已，还是用bin/elasticsearch -d在后台启动吧！

第十二步：测试，安装了es中文分词插件es-ik之后的对中文分词效果

　　ik_max_word方式来分词测试

[hadoop@HadoopMaster elasticsearch-2.4.3]$ pwd /home/hadoop/app/elasticsearch-2.4.3 [hadoop@HadoopMaster elasticsearch-2.4.3]$ curl 'http://192.168.80.10:9200/zhouls/_analyze?analyzer=ik_max_word&pretty=true' -d '{"text":"这里是好记性不如烂笔头感叹号的博客园"}' { "tokens" : [ { "token" : "这里是", "start_offset" : 0, "end_offset" : 3, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 0 }, { "token" : "这里", "start_offset" : 0, "end_offset" : 2, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 1 }, { "token" : "里", "start_offset" : 1, "end_offset" : 2, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 2 }, { "token" : "好记", "start_offset" : 3, "end_offset" : 5, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 3 }, { "token" : "记性", "start_offset" : 4, "end_offset" : 6, "type" : "CN_WORD",

"position" : 4 }, { "token" : "不如", "start_offset" : 6, "end_offset" : 8, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 5 }, { "token" : "烂", "start_offset" : 8, "end_offset" : 9, "type" : "CN_CHAR", "position" : 6 }, { "token" : "笔头", "start_offset" : 9, "end_offset" : 11, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 7 }, { "token" : "笔", "start_offset" : 9, "end_offset" : 10, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 8 }, { "token" : "头", "start_offset" : 10, "end_offset" : 11, "type" : "CN_CHAR",

"position" : 9 }, { "token" : "感叹号", "start_offset" : 11, "end_offset" : 14, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 10 }, { "token" : "感叹", "start_offset" : 11, "end_offset" : 13, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 11 }, { "token" : "叹号", "start_offset" : 12, "end_offset" : 14, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 12 }, { "token" : "叹", "start_offset" : 12, "end_offset" : 13, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 13 }, { "token" : "号", "start_offset" : 13, "end_offset" : 14, "type" : "CN_CHAR",

"position" : 14 }, { "token" : "博客园", "start_offset" : 15, "end_offset" : 18, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 15 }, { "token" : "博客", "start_offset" : 15, "end_offset" : 17, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 16 }, { "token" : "园", "start_offset" : 17, "end_offset" : 18, "type" : "CN_CHAR", "position" : 17 } ] } [hadoop@HadoopMaster elasticsearch-2.4.3]$

[hadoop@HadoopMaster elasticsearch-2.4.3]$ curl 'http://192.168.80.10:9200/zhouls/_analyze?analyzer=ik_max_word&pretty=true' -d '{"text":"我们是大数据开发技术人员"}' { "tokens" : [ { "token" : "我们", "start_offset" : 0, "end_offset" : 2, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 0 }, { "token" : "大数", "start_offset" : 3, "end_offset" : 5, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 1 }, { "token" : "数据", "start_offset" : 4, "end_offset" : 6, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 2 }, { "token" : "开发", "start_offset" : 6, "end_offset" : 8, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 3 }, { "token" : "发", "start_offset" : 7, "end_offset" : 8, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 4 }, {

"token" : "技术人员", "start_offset" : 8, "end_offset" : 12, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 5 }, { "token" : "技术", "start_offset" : 8, "end_offset" : 10, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 6 }, { "token" : "人员", "start_offset" : 10, "end_offset" : 12, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 7 } ] } [hadoop@HadoopMaster elasticsearch-2.4.3]$

　　可以看出，成功分词了且效果更好！

　　其实，啊，为什么“是”没有了呢?是因为es的中文分词器插件es-ik的过滤停止词的贡献！请移步，如下

Elasticsearch之IKAnalyzer的过滤停止词

es官方文档提供的ik_max_word和ik_smart解释

https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-ik/tree/2.x

ik_smart方式来分词测试

[hadoop@HadoopMaster elasticsearch-2.4.3]$ curl 'http://192.168.80.10:9200/zhouls/_analyze?analyzer=ik_smart&pretty=true' -d '{"text":"这里是好记性不如烂笔头感叹号的博客园"}' { "tokens" : [ { "token" : "这里是", "start_offset" : 0, "end_offset" : 3, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 0 }, { "token" : "好", "start_offset" : 3, "end_offset" : 4, "type" : "CN_CHAR", "position" : 1 }, { "token" : "记性", "start_offset" : 4, "end_offset" : 6, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 2 }, { "token" : "不如", "start_offset" : 6, "end_offset" : 8, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 3 }, { "token" : "烂", "start_offset" : 8, "end_offset" : 9, "type" : "CN_CHAR", "position" : 4 }, {

"token" : "笔头", "start_offset" : 9, "end_offset" : 11, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 5 }, { "token" : "感叹号", "start_offset" : 11, "end_offset" : 14, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 6 }, { "token" : "博客园", "start_offset" : 15, "end_offset" : 18, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 7 } ] } [hadoop@HadoopMaster elasticsearch-2.4.3]$

[hadoop@HadoopMaster elasticsearch-2.4.3]$ curl 'http://192.168.80.10:9200/zhouls/_analyze?analyzer=ik_smart&pretty=true' -d '{"text":"我们是大数据开发技术人员"}' { "tokens" : [ { "token" : "我们", "start_offset" : 0, "end_offset" : 2, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 0 }, { "token" : "大", "start_offset" : 3, "end_offset" : 4, "type" : "CN_CHAR", "position" : 1 }, { "token" : "数据", "start_offset" : 4, "end_offset" : 6, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 2 }, { "token" : "开发", "start_offset" : 6, "end_offset" : 8, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 3 }, { "token" : "技术人员", "start_offset" : 8, "end_offset" : 12, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 4 } ]

} [hadoop@HadoopMaster elasticsearch-2.4.3]$

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原始发表：2018/12/20 ，如有侵权请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除

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