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社区首页 >专栏 >Spring 事务介绍(二)之 事务的传播机制

Spring 事务介绍(二)之 事务的传播机制

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zoro
发布2019-04-11 15:19:20
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发布2019-04-11 15:19:20
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文章被收录于专栏:Java开发者Java开发者

Spring 事务介绍(二)之 事务的传播机制

Spring中对事务的支持

Spring 事务相关API:

spring事务是在数据库事务的基础上进行封装扩展,其主要特性如下:

  • 支持原有的数据事务的隔离级别
  • 加入了事务传播的概念,提供多个事务的合并和隔离的功能
  • 提供声明式事务,让业务代码与事务分离,事务更易用

spring提供了三个接口用来使用事务:

  • TransactionDefinition :事务定义
  • PlatformTransactionManager :事务的管理
  • TransactionStatus : 事务运行状态

TransactionDefinition.java

代码语言:javascript
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package org.springframework.transaction;

public interface TransactionDefinition {
    int PROPAGATION_REQUIRED = 0;
    int PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS = 1;
    int PROPAGATION_MANDATORY = 2;
    int PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW = 3;
    int PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 4;
    int PROPAGATION_NEVER = 5;
    int PROPAGATION_NESTED = 6;
    int ISOLATION_DEFAULT = -1;
    int ISOLATION_READ_UNCOMMITTED = 1;
    int ISOLATION_READ_COMMITTED = 2;
    int ISOLATION_REPEATABLE_READ = 4;
    int ISOLATION_SERIALIZABLE = 8;
    int TIMEOUT_DEFAULT = -1;

    int getPropagationBehavior();

    int getIsolationLevel();

    int getTimeout();

    boolean isReadOnly();

    String getName();
}

PlatformTransactionManager.java

代码语言:javascript
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package org.springframework.transaction;

public interface PlatformTransactionManager {
    TransactionStatus getTransaction(TransactionDefinition var1) throws TransactionException;

    void commit(TransactionStatus var1) throws TransactionException;

    void rollback(TransactionStatus var1) throws TransactionException;
}

TransactionStatus.java

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复制
package org.springframework.transaction;

import java.io.Flushable;

public interface TransactionStatus extends SavepointManager, Flushable {
    boolean isNewTransaction();

    boolean hasSavepoint();

    void setRollbackOnly();

    boolean isRollbackOnly();

    void flush();

    boolean isCompleted();
}

API应用demo:

pom.xml

代码语言:javascript
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    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.demo.spring</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-tx-test</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <spring.version>4.3.8.RELEASE</spring.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.35</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.4.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

SpringTransactionTest.java

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package com.demo.spring;

import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceUtils;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource;
import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionStatus;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionCallback;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionTemplate;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.SQLException;

/**
 * com.demo.spring
 *
 * @author Zyy
 * @date 2019/2/13 20:51
 */
public class SpringTransactionTest {

    private static String jdbcUrl = "jdbc:mysql://192.168.5.104:3306/spring";
    private static String userName = "root";
    private static String password = "root";

    public static Connection openConnection() throws ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {
        Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
        Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(jdbcUrl, userName, password);
        return conn;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final DataSource dataSource = new DriverManagerDataSource(jdbcUrl, userName, password);
        TransactionTemplate template = new TransactionTemplate();
        template.setTransactionManager(new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource));

        template.execute(new TransactionCallback<Object>() {
            public Object doInTransaction(TransactionStatus transactionStatus) {
                Connection connection = DataSourceUtils.getConnection(dataSource);
                Object savePoint = null;

                try {
                    {
                        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(
                                "insert into account(accountName,user,money) VALUES (?,?,?)");
                        preparedStatement.setString(1,"111");
                        preparedStatement.setString(2,"a");
                        preparedStatement.setInt(3,100);
                        preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
                    }
                    savePoint = transactionStatus.createSavepoint();

                    {
                        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(
                                "insert into account(accountName,user,money) VALUES (?,?,?)");
                        preparedStatement.setString(1,"222");
                        preparedStatement.setString(2,"b");
                        preparedStatement.setInt(3,100);
                        preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
                    }
                    {
                        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(
                            "update account set money= money+1 where user=?");
                        preparedStatement.setString(1,"333");
                        //手动设置异常
                        int i = 1/0;
                    }
                } catch (SQLException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    System.out.println("update failed");
                    if (savePoint != null) {
                        transactionStatus.rollbackToSavepoint(savePoint);
                    } else {
                        transactionStatus.setRollbackOnly();
                    }
                }
                return null;
            }
        });
    }
}

执行结果:

代码语言:javascript
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update failed

但是savePoint之前的插入是成功的。

这是因为

代码语言:javascript
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 public Object doInTransaction(TransactionStatus transactionStatus) {
            Connection connection = DataSourceUtils.getConnection(dataSource);
            ...
}            

TransactionStatus transactionStatus中的Connection与Connection与DataSourceUtils.getConnection(dataSource)返回的是同一个Connection。

相关源码:

代码语言:javascript
复制
org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionSynchronizationManager#bindResource

public static void bindResource(Object key, Object value) throws IllegalStateException {
    Object actualKey = TransactionSynchronizationUtils.unwrapResourceIfNecessary(key);
    Assert.notNull(value, "Value must not be null");
    Map<Object, Object> map = (Map)resources.get();
    if (map == null) {
        map = new HashMap();
        resources.set(map);
    }
    
    Object oldValue = ((Map)map).put(actualKey, value);
    if (oldValue instanceof ResourceHolder && ((ResourceHolder)oldValue).isVoid()) {
        oldValue = null;
    }

    if (oldValue != null) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("Already value [" + oldValue + "] for key [" + actualKey + "] bound to thread [" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "]");
    } else {
        if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
            logger.trace("Bound value [" + value + "] for key [" + actualKey + "] to thread [" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "]");
        }

    }
}

其中((Map)map).put(actualKey, value)中的

actualKey

代码语言:javascript
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org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource

value

代码语言:javascript
复制
org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.ConnectionHolder

这个map已经放入到resources中了,resources是一个ThreadLocal,取的时候也去这里面取

代码语言:javascript
复制
private static final ThreadLocal<Map<Object, Object>> resources = new NamedThreadLocal("Transactional resources");

get时的相关源码

代码语言:javascript
复制
org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionSynchronizationManager#doGetResource

private static Object doGetResource(Object actualKey) {
    Map<Object, Object> map = (Map)resources.get();
    if (map == null) {
        return null;
    } else {
        Object value = map.get(actualKey);
        if (value instanceof ResourceHolder && ((ResourceHolder)value).isVoid()) {
            map.remove(actualKey);
            if (map.isEmpty()) {
                resources.remove();
            }

            value = null;
        }

        return value;
    }
}

所以

代码语言:javascript
复制
if (savePoint != null) {
    transactionStatus.rollbackToSavepoint(savePoint);
} else {
    transactionStatus.setRollbackOnly();
}

在执行回滚时是同一个Connection.rollback()。

声明式事务

如果仅仅只是提供API,在进行数据库操作时,仍很麻烦,所以Spring还提出了声明式事务,@Transactional注解。

声明式事务demo。

pom.xml 同上

代码语言:javascript
复制
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.demo.spring</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-tx-test</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <spring.version>4.3.8.RELEASE</spring.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.35</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.4.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

spring-tx.xml

代码语言:javascript
复制
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.demo.spring.*"/>

    <aop:aspectj-autoproxy expose-proxy="true"/>

    <bean class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <constructor-arg name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://192.168.5.104/spring"/>
        <constructor-arg name="username" value="root"/>
        <constructor-arg name="password" value="root"/>
    </bean>

    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager"/>

</beans>

Account.java

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package com.demo.spring.service;

import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * com.demo.spring.service
 *
 * @author Zyy
 * @date 2019/2/14 22:00
 */
public class Account implements Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    private int id;
    private String accountName;
    private String user;
    private String money;

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getAccountName() {
        return accountName;
    }

    public void setAccountName(String accountName) {
        this.accountName = accountName;
    }

    public String getUser() {
        return user;
    }

    public void setUser(String user) {
        this.user = user;
    }

    public String getMoney() {
        return money;
    }

    public void setMoney(String money) {
        this.money = money;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Account{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", accountName='" + accountName + '\'' +
                ", user='" + user + '\'' +
                ", money='" + money + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

AccountService.java

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复制
package com.demo.spring.service;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * com.demo.spring.service
 *
 * @author Zyy
 * @date 2019/2/14 21:54
 */
public interface AccountService {
    void addAccount(String name, int money);

    int updateAccount(String name, int money);

    List<Map<String, Object>> queryAccount(String name);

}

AccountServiceImpl.java

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复制
package com.demo.spring.service;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * com.demo.spring.service
 *
 * @author Zyy
 * @date 2019/2/14 21:58
 */
@Service
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService{
    @Resource
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRES_NEW)
    public void addAccount(String name, int money) {
        String accountid = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddhhmmss").format(new Date());
        jdbcTemplate.update("insert into account (accountname,user,money) values (?,?,?)", accountid, name, money);
    }

    @Transactional
    public List<Map<String, Object>> queryAccount(String name) {
        List<Map<String, Object>> list = jdbcTemplate.queryForList("select * from account where user = ?", name);
        return list;
    }

    @Transactional
    public int updateAccount(String name, int money) {
        return jdbcTemplate.update("update account set money = money + ? where user = ?", money, name);
    }
}

AccountServiceTest.java

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复制
package com.demo.spring;

import com.demo.spring.service.AccountService;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * com.demo.spring
 *
 * @author Zyy
 * @date 2019/2/14 22:15
 */
public class AccountServiceTest {

    @Test
    public void add() {
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context =
                new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-tx.xml");
        AccountService accountService = context.getBean(AccountService.class);
        accountService.addAccount("ayang",100);
    }

    @Test
    public void update() {
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context =
                new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-tx.xml");
        AccountService accountService = context.getBean(AccountService.class);
        accountService.updateAccount("ayang",110);
    }

    @Test
    public void select() {
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context =
                new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-tx.xml");
        AccountService accountService = context.getBean(AccountService.class);
        List<Map<String, Object>> list = accountService.queryAccount("ayang");
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(list.toArray()));
    }
}

Spring事务默认的传播机制:

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@Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRES_NEW)

下面介绍一下spring事务的传播机制。

Spring事务传播机制

类别

事务传播类型

说明

支持当前事务

PROPAGATION_REQUIRED(必须的)

如果当前没有事务,就新建一个事务,如果已经存在一个事务中,加入到这个事务中。这是最常见的选择。

支持当前事务

PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS(支持)

支持当前事务,如果当前没有事务,就以非事务方式执行。

支持当前事务

PROPAGATION_MANDATORY(强制)

使用当前的事务,如果当前没有事务,就抛出异常。

不支持当前事务

PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW(隔离)

新建事务,如果当前存在事务,把当前事务挂起。

不支持当前事务

PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED(不支持)

以非事务方式执行操作,如果当前存在事务,就把当前事务挂起。

不支持当前事务

PROPAGATION_NEVER(强制非事务)

以非事务方式执行,如果当前存在事务,则抛出异常。

嵌套事务

PROPAGATION_NESTED(嵌套事务)

如果当前存在事务,则在嵌套事务内执行。如果当前没有事务,则执行与PROPAGATION_REQUIRED类似的操作。

常用的事务传播机制:
  • PROPAGATION_REQUIRED

如果当前没有事务,就新建一个事务,如果已经存在一个事务中,加入到这个事务中这个是默认传播机制。

  • PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED

以非事务方式执行操作,如果当前存在事务,就把当前事务挂起。可以用于发送提示信息,站内信,邮件提示灯。不属于并且不应该影响主体业务逻辑,即时发送失败也不应该对主题业务逻辑回滚。

  • PROPAGATION_REQUIRED_NEW

新建一个事务,如果存在当前事务,则将事务挂起。总是新启一个事务,这个传播机制适用于不受父类方法事务影响的操作,比如某些业务场景下需要记录业务日志,用于异步反查,那么不管主体业务逻辑是否完成,日志都需要记录下来,不能因为主体业务逻辑报错而丢失日志。

测试:

表结构

服务类

功能描述

user

userService

创建用户,并添加账号

account

accountService

添加账号

相关代码:

代码语言:javascript
复制
package com.demo.spring;

import com.demo.spring.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

/**
 * com.demo.spring
 *
 * @author Zyy
 * @date 2019/2/14 22:15
 */
public class UserServiceTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context =
                new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-tx.xml");
        UserService userService = context.getBean(UserService.class);
        userService.addUser("ayang");
    }
}


@Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED)
    public void addUser(String name) {
        jdbcTemplate.update("insert into user (name) values(?)", name);
        accountService.addAccount(name, 100);
    }


@Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRES_NEW)
public void addAccount(String name, int money) {
    String accountid = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddhhmmss").format(new Date());
    jdbcTemplate.update("insert into account (accountname,user,money) values (?,?,?)", accountid, name, money);
    int i = 1/0;
}

场景:

场景

createUser

addAccount(Exception)

结果

1

无事务

required

user成功,account失败

2

required

无事务

user失败,account失败

3

required

not_supported

user失败,account成功

4

required

required_new

user失败,account失败

5

required(异常移至create末尾)

required_new

user失败,account成功

6

required(异常移至create末尾),add方法至当前类

required_new

user失败,account失败

场景5和6为何会出现不一致,required_new没有起到作用?

spring 声明示事务使用动态代理实现的。

代理模拟:

TransactionalTest.java

代码语言:javascript
复制
com.demo.spring.TransactionalTest   

package com.demo.spring;

import com.demo.spring.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;

/**
 * com.demo.spring
 *
 * @author Zyy
 * @date 2019/2/18 23:05
 */
public class TransactionalTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-tx.xml");
        final UserService userService = context.getBean(UserService.class);

        UserService proxyUserService = (UserService) Proxy.newProxyInstance(
                TransactionalTest.class.getClassLoader(), new Class[]{UserService.class}, new InvocationHandler() {
                    public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
                        try {
                            System.out.println("开启事务:" + method.getName());
                            return method.invoke(userService,args);
                        } finally {
                            System.out.println("关闭事务:" + method.getName());
                        }
                    }
                });

        proxyUserService.addUser("ayang");
    }
}

UserServiceImpl.java

代码语言:javascript
复制
package com.demo.spring.service;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

/**
 * com.demo.spring.service
 *
 * @author Zyy
 * @date 2019/2/14 21:53
 */
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
    @Resource
    private AccountService accountService;
    @Resource
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED)
    public void addUser(String name) {
        jdbcTemplate.update("insert into user (name) values(?)", name);
        this.addAccount(name, 100);
    }

    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRES_NEW)
    public void addAccount(String name, int money) {
        String accountid = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddhhmmss").format(new Date());
        jdbcTemplate.update("insert into account (accountname,user,money) values (?,?,?)", accountid, name, money);
        //int i = 1/0;
    }

}

结果:

代码语言:javascript
复制
开启事务:addUser
关闭事务 :  addUser

当我们调用addUser方法时,仅打印addUser的事务开启和关闭,并没打印addAccount的事务开启和关闭,所以addAccount的事务的失效的。

原因在于spring 声明示事务使用动态代理实现,而当调用同一个类的方法时,是不会走代理逻辑的,自然事务的配置也会失效。

如果遇到这种情况如何处理?

在配置文件中添加:

代码语言:javascript
复制
<!-- 配置暴露proxy -->
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy expose-proxy="true"/>

在spring xml中配置 暴露proxy 对象,然后在代码中用AopContext.currentProxy() 就可以获当前代理对象,然后基于代理对象调用创建帐户

代码语言:javascript
复制
((UserSerivce) AopContext.currentProxy()).addAccount(name, 10000);

当复现场景6,发现事务的配置又生效了,与场景5结果一致,addUser失败,addAcount成功。

github : https://github.com/zhaoyybalabala/spring-test


欢迎留言交流:)

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