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curl在CDN排障中的常见用法

邪恶の大灰

腾讯云 · 高级工程师 (已认证)

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发表于CDN常见问题
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curl的常用参数

-I Show document info only 只展示headers，发起HEAD请求 -o Write output to file instead of stdout 保存到本地 -x 用这个option可以指定http访问所使用的proxy服务器及其端口 -v Make the operation more talkative 可以显示一次http通信的整个过程，包括端口连接和http -H Custom header to pass to server 添加header -A/–user-agent [string] 指定UA访问 -e, --referer URL 指定referer --resolve HOST:PORT:ADDRESS Force resolve of HOST:PORT to ADDRESS -X -d 这里的X是大写，-X POST发起POST请求

例子

通过61.156.15.39的80端口 访问 http://mat1.gtimg.com/www/images/qq2012/weiboIcon.png 只展示 返回头

curl -I 'http://mat1.gtimg.com/www/images/qq2012/weiboIcon.png' -x 61.156.15.39:80
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: X2_Platform
Connection: keep-alive
Date: Tue, 29 Aug 2017 11:46:50 GMT
Cache-Control: max-age=600
Expires: Tue, 29 Aug 2017 11:56:50 GMT
Last-Modified: Wed, 03 Sep 2014 07:35:47 GMT
Content-Type: image/png
Content-Length: 1320
X-NWS-LOG-UUID: a2c0b82e-26ca-49d6-8b0a-7bf7454a9167 aa3427e8cc9ad3ae0642cf3e63b08ea2
Access-Control-Expose-Headers: X-Client-Ip 
Access-Control-Expose-Headers: X-Server-Ip 
Access-Control-Expose-Headers: X-Upstream-Ip 
X-Client-Ip: 119.29.119.193 
X-Server-Ip: 61.156.15.39 
X-Upstream-Ip:  
X-Cache-Lookup: Hit From Disktank

下载文件保存为 weiboIcon.png

curl -o weiboIcon.png 'http://mat1.gtimg.com/www/images/qq2012/weiboIcon.png'
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100  1320  100  1320    0     0  12005      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 12110
[root@VM_105_254_centos tmp]# ll
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1320 Aug 29 19:47 weiboIcon.png

查看详细请求，文件不保存

https查看证书详情，请求到的IP信息，请求header，返回header

curl  -vo /dev/null 'https://mc.qcloudimg.com/static/img/ae4bfa87aae5714c1c74dd9e134f5a29/image.png'
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
  0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0* About to connect() to mc.qcloudimg.com port 443 (#0)
*   Trying 218.11.8.104...
* Connected to mc.qcloudimg.com (218.11.8.104) port 443 (#0)
* Initializing NSS with certpath: sql:/etc/pki/nssdb
*   CAfile: /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt
  CApath: none
* SSL connection using TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256
* Server certificate:
*   subject: CN=*.qcloudimg.com,OU=R&D,O=Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company Limited,L=Shenzhen,ST=Guangdong,C=CN
*   start date: Jul 28 00:00:00 2016 GMT
*   expire date: Jul 28 23:59:59 2019 GMT
*   common name: *.qcloudimg.com
*   issuer: CN=Symantec Class 3 Secure Server CA - G4,OU=Symantec Trust Network,O=Symantec Corporation,C=US
> GET /static/img/ae4bfa87aae5714c1c74dd9e134f5a29/image.png HTTP/1.1
> User-Agent: curl/7.29.0
> Host: mc.qcloudimg.com
> Accept: */*
> 
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< Server: NWSs
< Date: Tue, 29 Aug 2017 11:48:22 GMT
< Content-Type: image/png
< Content-Length: 38325
< Connection: keep-alive
< Cache-Control: max-age=2592000
< Expires: Thu, 28 Sep 2017 11:48:22 GMT
< Last-Modified: Mon, 14 Aug 2017 08:51:52 GMT
< X-NWS-LOG-UUID: c977832c-4772-45b2-8da7-904df04c5235
< X-Cache-Lookup: Hit From Disktank3
< Accept-Ranges: bytes
< X-Daa-Tunnel: hop_count=1
< X-Cache-Lookup: Hit From Inner Cluster
< 
{ [data not shown]
100 38325  100 38325    0     0   102k      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  102k
* Connection #0 to host mc.qcloudimg.com left intact

指定某节点https请求

如果是http可以直接 -x 14.204.144.142:80 https需要 --resolve mc.qcloudimg.com:443:14.204.144.142 即--resolve host:端口:ip

 curl  -vo /dev/null 'https://mc.qcloudimg.com/static/img/ae4bfa87aae5714c1c74dd9e134f5a29/image.png' --resolve mc.qcloudimg.com:443:14.204.144.142
* Added mc.qcloudimg.com:443:14.204.144.142 to DNS cache
* About to connect() to mc.qcloudimg.com port 443 (#0)
*   Trying 14.204.144.142...
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
  0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0* Connected to mc.qcloudimg.com (14.204.144.142) port 443 (#0)
* Initializing NSS with certpath: sql:/etc/pki/nssdb
*   CAfile: /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt
  CApath: none
* SSL connection using TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256
* Server certificate:
*   subject: CN=*.qcloudimg.com,OU=R&D,O=Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company Limited,L=Shenzhen,ST=Guangdong,C=CN
*   start date: Jul 28 00:00:00 2016 GMT
*   expire date: Jul 28 23:59:59 2019 GMT
*   common name: *.qcloudimg.com
*   issuer: CN=Symantec Class 3 Secure Server CA - G4,OU=Symantec Trust Network,O=Symantec Corporation,C=US
> GET /static/img/ae4bfa87aae5714c1c74dd9e134f5a29/image.png HTTP/1.1
> User-Agent: curl/7.29.0
> Host: mc.qcloudimg.com
> Accept: */*
> 
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< Server: NWSs
< Date: Tue, 29 Aug 2017 12:02:33 GMT
< Content-Type: image/png
< Content-Length: 38325
< Connection: keep-alive
< Cache-Control: max-age=2592000
< Expires: Thu, 28 Sep 2017 12:02:32 GMT
< Last-Modified: Mon, 14 Aug 2017 08:51:52 GMT
< X-NWS-LOG-UUID: d6e89516-13a1-453e-9382-4cfce5b203bd
< X-Cache-Lookup: Hit From Disktank3
< Accept-Ranges: bytes
< X-Daa-Tunnel: hop_count=1
< X-Cache-Lookup: Hit From Inner Cluster
< 
{ [data not shown]
100 38325  100 38325    0     0   161k      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  161k
* Connection #0 to host mc.qcloudimg.com left intact

带gzip 测试

curl -vo /dev/null -H "Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate" 'https://img3.doubanio.com/f/shire/25e3b87e05e5de459e1473fad35d25cafd392ad6/css/core/_init_.css'
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
  0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0* About to connect() to img3.doubanio.com port 443 (#0)
*   Trying 124.227.27.226...
* Connected to img3.doubanio.com (124.227.27.226) port 443 (#0)
* Initializing NSS with certpath: sql:/etc/pki/nssdb
*   CAfile: /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt
  CApath: none
* SSL connection using TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256
* Server certificate:
*   subject: CN=*.doubanio.com,OU=Technology Department,O=Beijing Douwang Technology Co. Ltd.,L=Beijing,ST=Beijing,C=CN
*   start date: May 23 00:00:00 2017 GMT
*   expire date: Jul 05 23:59:59 2019 GMT
*   common name: *.doubanio.com
*   issuer: CN=GeoTrust SSL CA - G3,O=GeoTrust Inc.,C=US
> GET /f/shire/25e3b87e05e5de459e1473fad35d25cafd392ad6/css/core/_init_.css HTTP/1.1
> User-Agent: curl/7.29.0
> Host: img3.doubanio.com
> Accept: */*
> Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate
> 
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< Server: Tengine
< Content-Type: text/css
< Transfer-Encoding: chunked
< Connection: keep-alive
< Vary: Accept-Encoding
< Date: Tue, 23 May 2017 02:48:22 GMT
< Expires: Wed, 23 May 2018 02:48:22 GMT
< Cache-Control: max-age=31536000
< Last-Modified: Wed, 21 Jan 2004 19:51:30 GMT
< Vary: Accept-Encoding
< Via: cache6.l2st4-3[0,200-0,H], cache20.l2st4-3[2,0], cache4.cn775[0,200-0,H], cache5.cn775[0,0]
< Age: 8502171
< X-Cache: HIT TCP_MEM_HIT dirn:4:6027639
< X-Swift-SaveTime: Mon, 14 Aug 2017 11:45:29 GMT
< X-Swift-CacheTime: 15552000
< Timing-Allow-Origin: *
< EagleId: 7ce31b9915040098733093939e
< Content-Encoding: gzip
< 
{ [data not shown]
100  7444    0  7444    0     0  46758      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 46817
* Connection #0 to host img3.doubanio.com left intact

使用refere

 curl -e 'http://www.bigmen.cn' 'http://mat1.gtimg.com/www/images/qq2012/weiboIcon.png' -vo /dev/null
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
  0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0* About to connect() to mat1.gtimg.com port 80 (#0)
*   Trying 27.221.81.38...
* Connected to mat1.gtimg.com (27.221.81.38) port 80 (#0)
> GET /www/images/qq2012/weiboIcon.png HTTP/1.1
> User-Agent: curl/7.29.0
> Host: mat1.gtimg.com
> Accept: */*
> Referer: http://www.bigmen.cn
> 
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< Server: X2_Platform
< Connection: keep-alive
< Date: Tue, 29 Aug 2017 12:35:56 GMT
< Cache-Control: max-age=600
< Expires: Tue, 29 Aug 2017 12:45:56 GMT
< Last-Modified: Wed, 03 Sep 2014 07:35:47 GMT
< Content-Type: image/png
< Content-Length: 1320
< X-NWS-LOG-UUID: b9831f5f-6144-43d9-b00d-bee2bbf01d53 6a93446aaa8e62f1e3b39997d017a315
< Access-Control-Expose-Headers: X-Client-Ip 
< Access-Control-Expose-Headers: X-Server-Ip 
< Access-Control-Expose-Headers: X-Upstream-Ip 
< X-Client-Ip: 119.29.119.193 
< X-Server-Ip: 27.221.81.38 
< X-Upstream-Ip:  
< X-Cache-Lookup: Hit From Disktank
< 
{ [data not shown]
100  1320  100  1320    0     0  14928      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 15000
* Connection #0 to host mat1.gtimg.com left intact

带上指定 host请求

 curl -H "Host:mat1.gtimg.com" 'http://61.156.15.28/www/images/qq2012/weiboIcon.png' -vo /dev/null
* About to connect() to 61.156.15.28 port 80 (#0)
*   Trying 61.156.15.28...
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
  0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0* Connected to 61.156.15.28 (61.156.15.28) port 80 (#0)
> GET /www/images/qq2012/weiboIcon.png HTTP/1.1
> User-Agent: curl/7.29.0
> Accept: */*
> Host:mat1.gtimg.com
> 
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< Server: X2_Platform
< Connection: keep-alive
< Date: Tue, 29 Aug 2017 12:41:52 GMT
< Cache-Control: max-age=600
< Expires: Tue, 29 Aug 2017 12:51:52 GMT
< Last-Modified: Wed, 03 Sep 2014 07:35:47 GMT
< Content-Type: image/png
< Content-Length: 1320
< X-NWS-LOG-UUID: 4b9db60e-8b43-4812-a5b9-41032ef7d443 aa3427e8cc9ad3ae6f9a23387443675b
< Access-Control-Expose-Headers: X-Client-Ip 
< Access-Control-Expose-Headers: X-Server-Ip 
< Access-Control-Expose-Headers: X-Upstream-Ip 
< X-Client-Ip: 119.29.119.193 
< X-Server-Ip: 61.156.15.28 
< X-Upstream-Ip:  
< X-Cache-Lookup: Hit From Disktank
< 
{ [data not shown]
100  1320  100  1320    0     0  15634      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 15714
* Connection #0 to host 61.156.15.28 left intact

带分片range测试

curl -vo /dev/null 'http://mat1.gtimg.com/www/images/qq2012/weiboIcon.png' -H 'Range:bytes=0-0'
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
  0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0* About to connect() to mat1.gtimg.com port 80 (#0)
*   Trying 123.6.0.15...
* Connected to mat1.gtimg.com (123.6.0.15) port 80 (#0)
> GET /www/images/qq2012/weiboIcon.png HTTP/1.1
> User-Agent: curl/7.29.0
> Host: mat1.gtimg.com
> Accept: */*
> Range:bytes=0-0
> 
< HTTP/1.1 206 Partial Content
< Server: X2_Platform
< Connection: keep-alive
< Date: Thu, 09 Nov 2017 07:12:29 GMT
< Cache-Control: max-age=600
< Expires: Thu, 09 Nov 2017 07:22:29 GMT
< Last-Modified: Wed, 03 Sep 2014 07:35:47 GMT
< Content-Range: bytes 0-0/1320
< Content-Type: image/png
< Content-Length: 1
< X-NWS-LOG-UUID: c131b44c-3a82-43e8-9c9e-fc659b8081db 8a9f959e372c114c417ade199478a184
< Access-Control-Expose-Headers: X-Client-Ip 
< Access-Control-Expose-Headers: X-Server-Ip 
< Access-Control-Expose-Headers: X-Upstream-Ip 
< X-Client-Ip: 119.29.119.193 
< X-Server-Ip: 123.6.0.15 
< X-Upstream-Ip:  
< X-Cache-Lookup: Hit From Upstream
< X-Cache-Lookup: Hit From Disktank
< 
{ [data not shown]
100     1  100     1    0     0      6      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     6
* Connection #0 to host mat1.gtimg.com left intact

或者用-r 

curl -vo /dev/null 'http://mat1.gtimg.com/www/images/qq2012/weiboIcon.png' -r 0-0
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
  0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0* About to connect() to mat1.gtimg.com port 80 (#0)
*   Trying 121.51.40.100...
* Connected to mat1.gtimg.com (121.51.40.100) port 80 (#0)
  0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0> GET /www/images/qq2012/weiboIcon.png HTTP/1.1
> Range: bytes=0-0
> User-Agent: curl/7.29.0
> Host: mat1.gtimg.com
> Accept: */*
> 
< HTTP/1.1 206 Partial Content
< Server: NWS_X2_MID
< Connection: close
< Date: Mon, 29 Apr 2019 13:27:09 GMT
< Cache-Control: max-age=600
< Expires: Mon, 29 Apr 2019 13:37:09 GMT
< Last-Modified: Tue, 27 Mar 2018 09:51:17 GMT
< Content-Range: bytes 0-0/1320
< Content-Type: image/png
< Content-Length: 1
< X-Verify-Code: 1cff81634f47748a53c331767b2e541c
< X-NWS-UUID-VERIFY: 4f767e2ff453d56b7e66802318c3249d
< X-NWS-LOG-UUID: 17680009143064706736 2eededd6368a07a42c7b7adfceedc11d
< X-Cache-Lookup: Hit From Upstream
< X-Cache-Lookup: Hit From Disktank
< X-Daa-Tunnel: hop_count=1
< Vary: Origin
< Access-Control-Expose-Headers: X-Client-Ip,X-Server-Ip,X-Upstream-Ip
< X-Client-Ip: 119.29.119.193
< X-Server-Ip: 121.51.40.100
< X-Upstream-Ip: 182.254.48.125:80
< 
{ [data not shown]
100     1  100     1    0     0      6      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     6
* Closing connection 0

POST 请求

curl -vo /dev/null -d "user=admin&passwd=12345678" http://range3.bigmen.cn/
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
  0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0* About to connect() to range3.bigmen.cn port 80 (#0)
*   Trying 58.251.149.247...
* Connected to range3.bigmen.cn (58.251.149.247) port 80 (#0)
> POST / HTTP/1.1
> User-Agent: curl/7.29.0
> Host: range3.bigmen.cn
> Accept: */*
> Content-Length: 26
> Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
> 
} [data not shown]
* upload completely sent off: 26 out of 26 bytes
< HTTP/1.1 405 Method Not Allowed
< Server: nginx/1.12.2
< Connection: keep-alive
< Date: Wed, 05 Dec 2018 09:13:18 GMT
< Content-Type: text/html
< Content-Length: 173
< X-NWS-UUID-VERIFY: 5782ca0342cd20def62c564e95bff135
< X-Daa-Tunnel: hop_count=2
< X-NWS-LOG-UUID: 17420757374843346798 0be2170ce2df3d9f5cdeb972863048e7
< 
{ [data not shown]
100   199  100   173  100    26   2616    393 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  2621
* Connection #0 to host range3.bigmen.cn left intact

原创声明，本文系作者授权云+社区发表，未经许可，不得转载。

如有侵权，请联系 yunjia_community@tencent.com 删除。

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