cURL——爬虫开发神器

小歪

发布于 2019-05-30 14:47:41

1.8K0

发布于 2019-05-30 14:47:41

cURL是一个利用URL语法在命令行下工作的文件传输工具，1997年首次发行。它支持文件上传和下载，所以是综合传输工具，但按传统，习惯称cURL为下载工具。cURL还包含了用于程序开发的libcurl。

一些命令

[root@localhost ~]# curl http://httpbin.org/ip
{
  "origin": "218.189.127.78"
}
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://httpbin.org/user-agent
{
  "user-agent": "curl/7.29.0"
}
[root@localhost ~]# curl https://httpbin.org/get?show_env=1
{
  "args": {
    "show_env": "1"
  }, 
  "headers": {
    "Accept": "*/*", 
    "Connect-Time": "0", 
    "Connection": "close", 
    "Host": "httpbin.org", 
    "Total-Route-Time": "0", 
    "User-Agent": "curl/7.29.0", 
    "Via": "1.1 vegur", 
    "X-Forwarded-For": "218.189.127.78", 
    "X-Forwarded-Port": "443", 
    "X-Forwarded-Proto": "https", 
    "X-Request-Id": "392e0fda-5f1b-4cc8-8131-77967bfee9db", 
    "X-Request-Start": "1499761771703"
  }, 
  "origin": "218.189.127.78", 
  "url": "https://httpbin.org/get?show_env=1"
}

Copy as cURL

可以使用Chrome直接复制cURL，方法如下

复制如下

curl 'https://github.com/' -H 'Connection: keep-alive' -H 'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1' -H 'User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.131 Safari/537.36' -H 'Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3' -H 'Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br' -H 'Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7' --compressed

可以直接在终端运行，得到的就是html。

cURL to Python

网站：https://curl.trillworks.com/

就可以直接转换为Python的requests，Headers什么的就不需要手动粘贴了。

Postman

postman支持直接导入cURL，点击Import —— Paste Raw Text，然后粘贴下cURL，就可以直接调试了

我可以任意修改Headers或formdata中的字段，来调试。

一个问题

如果使用Charles抓包，复制的cURL不能直接导入postman，从Charles复制的格式如下：

curl -H 'Host: httpbin.org' -H 'Pragma: no-cache' -H 'Cache-Control: no-cache' -H 'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1' -H 'User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.131 Safari/537.36' -H 'Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3' -H 'Referer: https://www.google.com/' -H 'Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7' --compressed 'https://httpbin.org/'

对比在浏览器中复制的cURL

curl 'https://httpbin.org/' -H 'Connection: keep-alive' -H 'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1' -H 'User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.131 Safari/537.36' -H 'Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3' -H 'Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br' -H 'Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7' --compressed

发现URL所处位置不一样，需要手动的把URL放在开头位置，才能倒入使用。

最后，关于postman的功能远不止这些，有人专门写了文档：API开发利器：Postman （阅读原文）

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原始发表：2019-05-16，如有侵权请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除

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