Centos7 安装python3、pip3、ipython3

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发布于 2019-05-31 10:53:30

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发布于 2019-05-31 10:53:30

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下载python3的安装包

首先访问python的官网下载页面：

可以看到最新的稳定版本是3.7.1，那么下面再进入提供的ftp下载页面

直接下载安装包如下： wget "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.1/Python-3.7.1.tgz"

[root@server01 opt]# cd python3/
[root@server01 python3]# pwd
/opt/python3
[root@server01 python3]# 
[root@server01 python3]# ls
[root@server01 python3]# 
[root@server01 python3]# wget "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.1/Python-3.7.1.tgz"
--2018-12-18 00:27:12--  https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.1/Python-3.7.1.tgz
Resolving www.python.org (www.python.org)... 151.101.72.223, 2a04:4e42:1a::223
Connecting to www.python.org (www.python.org)|151.101.72.223|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 22802018 (22M) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘Python-3.7.1.tgz’

100%[=====================================================================>] 22,802,018  36.3KB/s   in 6m 22s 

2018-12-18 00:33:34 (58.4 KB/s) - ‘Python-3.7.1.tgz’ saved [22802018/22802018]

[root@server01 python3]#

安装Python

解压压缩包

[root@server01 python3]# tar -zxvf Python-3.7.1.tgz 
[root@server01 python3]# ls
Python-3.7.1  Python-3.7.1.tgz
[root@server01 python3]# 
[root@server01 python3]# cd Python-3.7.1
[root@server01 Python-3.7.1]# ls
aclocal.m4           configure     Include     m4               Modules  PCbuild        README.rst
CODE_OF_CONDUCT.rst  configure.ac  install-sh  Mac              Objects  Programs       setup.py
config.guess         Doc           Lib         Makefile.pre.in  Parser   pyconfig.h.in  Tools
config.sub           Grammar       LICENSE     Misc             PC       Python
[root@server01 Python-3.7.1]#

安装依赖

yum install libffi-devel zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gcc make -y

注意：3.7版本需要一个新的包libffi-devel，安装此包之后再次进行编译安装即可。 yum install libffi-devel -y 上面我已经补充了。如果不安装则会报错：

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_ctypes'

进入解压缩目录，配置安装，把Python3安装到 /usr/local 目录

这里是可以自己选择安装到哪里，注意，如果不先安装依赖库，则这里会报错。

[root@server01 Python-3.7.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3
....
config.status: creating Modules/ld_so_aix
config.status: creating pyconfig.h
creating Modules/Setup
creating Modules/Setup.local
creating Makefile


If you want a release build with all stable optimizations active (PGO, etc),
please run ./configure --enable-optimizations


[root@server01 Python-3.7.1]#

安装python3

[root@server01 Python-3.7.1]# make && make install
....
Looking in links: /tmp/tmp46wu0fja
Collecting setuptools
Collecting pip
Installing collected packages: setuptools, pip
Successfully installed pip-10.0.1 setuptools-39.0.1
[root@server81 Python-3.7.1]#

安装完毕，/usr/local/目录下就会有python3了

[root@server81 Python-3.7.1]# ls /usr/local/
bin/     etc/     games/   include/ lib/     lib64/   libexec/ python3/ sbin/    share/   src/     
[root@server81 Python-3.7.1]# ls /usr/local/python3/
bin  include  lib  share
[root@server81 Python-3.7.1]# ls /usr/local/python3/bin/
2to3               easy_install-3.7   idle3.7            pip3.7             pydoc3.7           python3.7          python3.7m         python3-config     pyvenv-3.7
2to3-3.7           idle3              pip3               pydoc3             python3            python3.7-config   python3.7m-config  pyvenv             
[root@server81 Python-3.7.1]# ls /usr/local/python3/bin/
2to3  2to3-3.7  easy_install-3.7  idle3  idle3.7  pip3  pip3.7  pydoc3  pydoc3.7  python3  python3.7  python3.7-config  python3.7m  python3.7m-config  python3-config  pyvenv  pyvenv-3.7
[root@server81 Python-3.7.1]#

将python3和pip3 添加软链到执行目录下/usr/bin

ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3 ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3

执行如下：

[root@server81 Python-3.7.1]# ls -ll /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Dec 18 11:25 /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 -> python3.7
[root@server81 Python-3.7.1]# 
[root@server81 Python-3.7.1]# ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
[root@server81 Python-3.7.1]# 
[root@server81 Python-3.7.1]# ls -ll /usr/bin/python3 
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 30 Dec 18 13:48 /usr/bin/python3 -> /usr/local/python3/bin/python3
[root@server81 Python-3.7.1]# 
[root@server81 Python-3.7.1]# 
[root@server81 Python-3.7.1]# ls -ll /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 232 Dec 18 11:25 /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3
[root@server81 Python-3.7.1]# 
[root@server81 Python-3.7.1]# ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3
[root@server81 Python-3.7.1]# 
[root@server81 Python-3.7.1]# ls -ll /usr/bin/pip3 
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 Dec 18 13:49 /usr/bin/pip3 -> /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3
[root@server81 Python-3.7.1]#

使用python3

[root@server81 Python-3.7.1]# python
python     python2    python2.7  python3  
[root@server81 Python-3.7.1]# python3
Python 3.7.1 (default, Dec 18 2018, 11:19:50) 
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> exit
Use exit() or Ctrl-D (i.e. EOF) to exit
>>> exit()
[root@server81 Python-3.7.1]#

可以看出，使用python3的时候就可以直接使用了。

升级pip3到最新版本

pip3 install --upgrade pip

执行如下：

[root@server81 Python-3.7.1]# pip3 install --upgrade pip
Collecting pip
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c2/d7/90f34cb0d83a6c5631cf71dfe64cc1054598c843a92b400e55675cc2ac37/pip-18.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.3MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.3MB 1.5MB/s 
Installing collected packages: pip
  Found existing installation: pip 10.0.1
    Uninstalling pip-10.0.1:
      Successfully uninstalled pip-10.0.1
Successfully installed pip-18.1
[root@server81 Python-3.7.1]#

安装ipython

pip3 install ipython

执行如下：

[root@server81 Python-3.7.1]# pip3 install ipython
Collecting ipython
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f0/b4/a9ea018c73a84ee6280b2e94a1a6af8d63e45903eac2da0640fa63bca4db/ipython-7.2.0-py3-none-any.whl (765kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 768kB 963kB/s 
Collecting backcall (from ipython)
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/84/71/c8ca4f5bb1e08401b916c68003acf0a0655df935d74d93bf3f3364b310e0/backcall-0.1.0.tar.gz
Collecting traitlets>=4.2 (from ipython)
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/93/d6/abcb22de61d78e2fc3959c964628a5771e47e7cc60d53e9342e21ed6cc9a/traitlets-4.3.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (74kB)
...
Collecting parso>=0.3.0 (from jedi>=0.10->ipython)
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/09/51/9c48a46334be50c13d25a3afe55fa05c445699304c5ad32619de953a2305/parso-0.3.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (88kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 92kB 4.7MB/s 
Installing collected packages: backcall, ipython-genutils, six, decorator, traitlets, wcwidth, prompt-toolkit, pygments, ptyprocess, pexpect, parso, jedi, pickleshare, ipython
  Running setup.py install for backcall ... done
Successfully installed backcall-0.1.0 decorator-4.3.0 ipython-7.2.0 ipython-genutils-0.2.0 jedi-0.13.2 parso-0.3.1 pexpect-4.6.0 pickleshare-0.7.5 prompt-toolkit-2.0.7 ptyprocess-0.6.0 pygments-2.3.1 six-1.12.0 traitlets-4.3.2 wcwidth-0.1.7
[root@server81 Python-3.7.1]#

安装完毕后，可以从/usr/local/python3/bin目录下找到ipython3的二进制可执行文件。

[root@server81 bin]# pwd
/usr/local/python3/bin
[root@server81 bin]# 
[root@server81 bin]# ls
2to3              idle3    iptest3   pip     pydoc3      python3           python3.7m         pyvenv
2to3-3.7          idle3.7  ipython   pip3    pydoc3.7    python3.7         python3.7m-config  pyvenv-3.7
easy_install-3.7  iptest   ipython3  pip3.7  pygmentize  python3.7-config  python3-config
[root@server81 bin]# 
[root@server81 bin]# ./ipython3 
Python 3.7.1 (default, Dec 18 2018, 11:19:50) 
Type 'copyright', 'credits' or 'license' for more information
IPython 7.2.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Type '?' for help.

In [1]:

那么下面只要配置一个软链接映射即可方便使用ipython3了。

配置ipython3的软链接

ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/ipython3 /usr/bin/ipython3

执行如下：

[root@server81 bin]# ls -ll /usr/local/python3/bin/ipython3 
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 244 Dec 18 13:54 /usr/local/python3/bin/ipython3
[root@server81 bin]# 
[root@server81 bin]# ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/ipython3 /usr/bin/ipython3
[root@server81 bin]# 
[root@server81 bin]# ipython3
Python 3.7.1 (default, Dec 18 2018, 11:19:50) 
Type 'copyright', 'credits' or 'license' for more information
IPython 7.2.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Type '?' for help.

In [1]:

配置后，输入ipython3就可以直接调用了。

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