python3验证码机器学习 python3验证码机器学习

python3验证码机器学习

文档结构为

-- iconset
   -- ...
-- jpg
   -- captcha.gif
-- py
   -- crack.py

需要的库

pip3 install pillow or easy_install Pillow

必须文件下载地址

python3验证码机器学习

1.读取图片，打印图片的结构直方图

# !/usr/bin/python3.4
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# From:https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/24222942
# 该知乎栏目为py2编写，这里改造成py3

im = Image.open("../jpg/captcha.gif")
his = im.histogram()

打印结果为 [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 3, 1, 3, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 3, 2, 132, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 8, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 6, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 18, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 365, 115, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 135, 186, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 116, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 21, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 10, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 625]

该数组长度为255，每一个元素代表（0-255）颜色的多少，例如最后一个元素为625，即255（代表的是白色）最多，组合在一起

values = {}
for i in range(0, 256):
    values[i] = his[i]

# 排序，x:x[1]是按照括号内第二个字段进行排序,x:x[0]是按照第一个字段
temp = sorted(values.items(), key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True)
# print(temp)

打印结果为 [(255, 625), (212, 365), (220, 186), (219, 135), (169, 132), (227, 116), (213, 115), (234, 21), (205, 18), (184, 15), (241, 10), (248, 10), (191, 8), (198, 6), (155, 3), (157, 3), (158, 3), (167, 3), (228, 3), (56, 2), (67, 2), (91, 2), (96, 2), (109, 2), (122, 2), (127, 2), (134, 2), (140, 2), (168, 2), (176, 2), (200, 2), (211, 2), (240, 2), (242, 2), (247, 2), (43, 1), (44, 1), (53, 1), (61, 1), (68, 1), (79, 1), (84, 1), (92, 1), (101, 1), (103, 1), (104, 1), (107, 1), (121, 1), (126, 1), (129, 1), (132, 1), (137, 1), (149, 1), (151, 1), (153, 1), (156, 1), (165, 1), (170, 1), (171, 1), (175, 1), (186, 1), (188, 1), (192, 1), (197, 1), (206, 1), (207, 1), (208, 1), (209, 1), (210, 1), (215, 1), (223, 1), (235, 1), (236, 1), (253, 1), (0, 0), (1, 0), (2, 0), (3, 0), (4, 0), (5, 0), (6, 0), (7, 0), (8, 0), (9, 0), (10, 0), (11, 0), (12, 0), (13, 0), (14, 0), (15, 0), (16, 0), (17, 0), (18, 0), (19, 0), (20, 0), (21, 0), (22, 0), (23, 0), (24, 0), (25, 0), (26, 0), (27, 0), (28, 0), (29, 0), (30, 0), (31, 0), (32, 0), (33, 0), (34, 0), (35, 0), (36, 0), (37, 0), (38, 0), (39, 0), (40, 0), (41, 0), (42, 0), (45, 0), (46, 0), (47, 0), (48, 0), (49, 0), (50, 0), (51, 0), (52, 0), (54, 0), (55, 0), (57, 0), (58, 0), (59, 0), (60, 0), (62, 0), (63, 0), (64, 0), (65, 0), (66, 0), (69, 0), (70, 0), (71, 0), (72, 0), (73, 0), (74, 0), (75, 0), (76, 0), (77, 0), (78, 0), (80, 0), (81, 0), (82, 0), (83, 0), (85, 0), (86, 0), (87, 0), (88, 0), (89, 0), (90, 0), (93, 0), (94, 0), (95, 0), (97, 0), (98, 0), (99, 0), (100, 0), (102, 0), (105, 0), (106, 0), (108, 0), (110, 0), (111, 0), (112, 0), (113, 0), (114, 0), (115, 0), (116, 0), (117, 0), (118, 0), (119, 0), (120, 0), (123, 0), (124, 0), (125, 0), (128, 0), (130, 0), (131, 0), (133, 0), (135, 0), (136, 0), (138, 0), (139, 0), (141, 0), (142, 0), (143, 0), (144, 0), (145, 0), (146, 0), (147, 0), (148, 0), (150, 0), (152, 0), (154, 0), (159, 0), (160, 0), (161, 0), (162, 0), (163, 0), (164, 0), (166, 0), (172, 0), (173, 0), (174, 0), (177, 0), (178, 0), (179, 0), (180, 0), (181, 0), (182, 0), (183, 0), (185, 0), (187, 0), (189, 0), (190, 0), (193, 0), (194, 0), (195, 0), (196, 0), (199, 0), (201, 0), (202, 0), (203, 0), (204, 0), (214, 0), (216, 0), (217, 0), (218, 0), (221, 0), (222, 0), (224, 0), (225, 0), (226, 0), (229, 0), (230, 0), (231, 0), (232, 0), (233, 0), (237, 0), (238, 0), (239, 0), (243, 0), (244, 0), (245, 0), (246, 0), (249, 0), (250, 0), (251, 0), (252, 0), (254, 0)]

将占比最多的10个颜色筛选出来

# 占比最多的10种颜色
# for j, k in temp[:10]:
#     print(j, k)
#     255 625
#     212 365
#     220 186
#     219 135
#     169 132
#     227 116
#     213 115
#     234 21
#     205 18
#     184 15

2.构造新的无杂质图片

生成一张白底啥都没有的图片

# 获取图片大小，生成一张白底255的图片
im2 = Image.new("P", im.size, 255)
# print(im2.size[1])
# (84, 22)

原作者自己观察得到代表数字的颜色为220灰色和227红色

将这些颜色根据宽和高的坐标以此写入新生成的白底照片中

# (84, 22)=(宽,高)=(size[0],size[1])
# 获得y坐标
for y in range(im.size[1]):
    # 获得y坐标
    for x in range(im.size[0]):

        # 获得坐标(x,y)的RGB值
        pix = im.getpixel((x, y))

        # 这些是要得到的数字
        # 220灰色，227红色
        if pix == 220 or pix == 227:
            # 将黑色0填充到im2中
            im2.putpixel((x, y), 0)
# 生成了一张黑白二值照片
# im2.show()

黑白二值照片

3.切割图片

x代表图片的宽，y代表图片的高 对图片进行纵向切割

# 纵向切割
# 找到切割的起始和结束的横坐标
inletter = False
foundletter = False
start = 0
end = 0

letters = []

for x in range(im2.size[0]):
    for y in range(im2.size[1]):
        pix = im2.getpixel((x, y))
        if pix != 255:
            inletter = True
    if foundletter == False and inletter == True:
        foundletter = True
        start = x

    if foundletter == True and inletter == False:
        foundletter = False
        end = x
        letters.append((start, end))

    inletter = False

打印结果为 # [(6, 14), (15, 25), (27, 35), (37, 46), (48, 56), (57, 67)]

(6, 14)代表从x=6到x=14纵向切割成一条状

保存字段到本地观察，这一步没有什么用，只是保存下来看看而已

# 保存切割下来的字段
import time

count = 0
for letter in letters:
    # (切割的起始横坐标，起始纵坐标，切割的宽度，切割的高度)
    im3 = im2.crop((letter[0], 0, letter[1], im2.size[1]))
    # 更改成用时间命名
    # im3.save("../jpg/%s.gif" % (time.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S', time.localtime())))
    count += 1
# 可以看到保存下来的6个字段

字段样式

4.训练识别

使用的是 AI与向量空间图像识别 将标准图片转换成向量坐标a，需要识别的图片字段为向量坐标b，cos(a,b)值越大说明夹角越小，越接近重合

空间两向量计算公式

编写的夹角公式为

# 夹角公式
import math

class VectorCompare:
    # 计算矢量大小
    # 计算平方和
    def magnitude(self, concordance):
        total = 0
        # concordance.iteritems:报错'dict' object has no attribute 'iteritems'
        # concordance.items()
        for word, count in concordance.items():
            total += count ** 2
        return math.sqrt(total)

    # 计算矢量之间的 cos 值
    def relation(self, concordance1, concordance2):
        topvalue = 0
        # concordance1.iteritems:报错'dict' object has no attribute 'iteritems'
        # concordance1.items()
        for word, count in concordance1.items():
            # if concordance2.has_key(word):报错'dict' object has no attribute 'has_key'
            # 改成word in concordance2
            if word in concordance2:
                # 计算相乘的和
                topvalue += count * concordance2[word]
        return topvalue / (self.magnitude(concordance1) * self.magnitude(concordance2))

转换验证码图片为向量：

# 将图片转换为矢量
def buildvector(im):
    d1 = {}
    count = 0
    for i in im.getdata():
        d1[count] = i
        count += 1
    return d1

打印结果 {0: 255, 1: 255, 2: 255, 3: 255, 4: 255, 5: 255, 6: 255, 7: 255, 8: 255, 9: 255, 10: 255, 11: 255, 12: 255, 13: 255, 14: 255, 15: 255, 16: 255, 17: 255, 18: 255, 19: 255, 20: 255, 21: 255, 22: 255, 23: 255, 24: 255, 25: 255, 26: 255, 27: 255, 28: 255, 29: 255, 30: 255, 31: 255, 32: 255, 33: 255, 34: 255, 35: 255, 36: 255, 37: 255, 38: 255, 39: 255, 40: 255, 41: 255, 42: 255, 43: 255, 44: 255, 45: 255, 46: 255, 47: 255, 48: 255, 49: 255, 50: 255, 51: 255, 52: 255, 53: 255, 54: 255, 55: 255, 56: 255, 57: 255, 58: 255, 59: 255, 60: 255, 61: 255, 62: 255, 63: 255, 64: 255, 65: 255, 66: 255, 67: 0, 68: 0, 69: 0, 70: 255, 71: 255, 72: 255, 73: 255, 74: 0, 75: 0, 76: 0, 77: 255, 78: 0, 79: 255, 80: 255, 81: 0, 82: 0, 83: 0, 84: 0, 85: 0, 86: 0, 87: 255, 88: 255, 89: 0, 90: 255, 91: 255, 92: 255, 93: 0, 94: 0, 95: 255, 96: 0, 97: 255, 98: 0, 99: 255, 100: 255, 101: 0, 102: 0, 103: 0, 104: 0, 105: 0, 106: 0, 107: 255, 108: 255, 109: 0, 110: 0, 111: 0, 112: 0, 113: 0, 114: 255, 115: 255, 116: 255, 117: 0, 118: 0, 119: 0, 120: 255, 121: 0, 122: 255, 123: 255, 124: 255, 125: 0, 126: 0, 127: 0, 128: 255, 129: 0, 130: 0, 131: 255, 132: 255, 133: 0, 134: 0, 135: 0, 136: 255, 137: 0, 138: 0, 139: 0, 140: 0, 141: 0, 142: 0, 143: 255, 144: 255, 145: 0, 146: 0, 147: 0, 148: 0, 149: 0, 150: 0, 151: 255, 152: 255, 153: 255, 154: 255, 155: 0, 156: 0, 157: 0, 158: 255, 159: 255, 160: 255, 161: 255, 162: 255, 163: 255, 164: 255, 165: 255, 166: 255, 167: 255, 168: 255, 169: 255, 170: 255, 171: 255, 172: 255, 173: 255, 174: 255, 175: 255}

加载训练集，且把训练集也变成向量

v = VectorCompare()
iconset = ['0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '0', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k',
           'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z']
import os

imageset = []
for letter in iconset:
    for img in os.listdir('../iconset/%s/' % (letter)):
        temp = []
        if img != "Thumbs.db" and img != ".DS_Store":
            temp.append(buildvector(Image.open("../iconset/%s/%s" % (letter, img))))
        imageset.append({letter: temp})

** 开始识别验证码 **

# 开始破解训练
count = 0
for letter in letters:
    # (切割的起始横坐标，起始纵坐标，切割的宽度，切割的高度)
    im3 = im2.crop((letter[0], 0, letter[1], im2.size[1]))

    guess = []
    # 将切割得到的验证码小片段与每个训练片段进行比较
    for image in imageset:
        # image.iteritems:报错'dict' object has no attribute 'iteritems'
        # 改成image.items()
        for x, y in image.items():
            if len(y) != 0:
                guess.append((v.relation(y[0], buildvector(im3)), x))

其中 y[0]为训练集里面的字母图片，即正确的图片-打印{0: 255, 1: 255, 2: 255, 3: 255, 4: 255, 5: 255, 6: 255, 7: 255, 8: 255, 9: 255, 10: 255, 11: 255, 12: 255, 13: 255, 14: 255, 15: 255, 16: 255, 17: 255, 18: 255, 19: 255, 20: 255, 21: 255, 22: 255, 23: 255, 24: 255, 25: 255, 26: 255, 27: 255, 28: 255, 29: 255, 30: 255, 31: 255, 32: 255, 33: 255, 34: 255, 35: 255, 36: 255, 37: 255, 38: 255, 39: 255, 40: 255, 41: 255, 42: 255, 43: 255, 44: 255, 45: 255, 46: 255, 47: 255, 48: 255, 49: 255, 50: 255, 51: 255, 52: 255, 53: 255, 54: 255, 55: 255, 56: 255, 57: 255, 58: 255, 59: 255, 60: 255, 61: 255, 62: 255, 63: 255, 64: 255, 65: 255, 66: 255, 67: 0, 68: 0, 69: 0, 70: 255, 71: 255, 72: 255, 73: 255, 74: 0, 75: 0, 76: 0, 77: 255, 78: 0, 79: 255, 80: 255, 81: 0, 82: 0, 83: 0, 84: 0, 85: 0, 86: 0, 87: 255, 88: 255, 89: 0, 90: 255, 91: 255, 92: 255, 93: 0, 94: 0, 95: 255, 96: 0, 97: 255, 98: 0, 99: 255, 100: 255, 101: 0, 102: 0, 103: 0, 104: 0, 105: 0, 106: 0, 107: 255, 108: 255, 109: 0, 110: 0, 111: 0, 112: 0, 113: 0, 114: 255, 115: 255, 116: 255, 117: 0, 118: 0, 119: 0, 120: 255, 121: 0, 122: 255, 123: 255, 124: 255, 125: 0, 126: 0, 127: 0, 128: 255, 129: 0, 130: 0, 131: 255, 132: 255, 133: 0, 134: 0, 135: 0, 136: 255, 137: 0, 138: 0, 139: 0, 140: 0, 141: 0, 142: 0, 143: 255, 144: 255, 145: 0, 146: 0, 147: 0, 148: 0, 149: 0, 150: 0, 151: 255, 152: 255, 153: 255, 154: 255, 155: 0, 156: 0, 157: 0, 158: 255, 159: 255, 160: 255, 161: 255, 162: 255, 163: 255, 164: 255, 165: 255, 166: 255, 167: 255, 168: 255, 169: 255, 170: 255, 171: 255, 172: 255, 173: 255, 174: 255, 175: 255}

buildvector(im3))为切割出来的字母切片，用来和y[0]进行夹角比对-打印{0: 255, 1: 255, 2: 255, 3: 255, 4: 255, 5: 255, 6: 255, 7: 255, 8: 255, 9: 255, 10: 255, 11: 255, 12: 255, 13: 255, 14: 255, 15: 255, 16: 255, 17: 255, 18: 255, 19: 255, 20: 255, 21: 255, 22: 255, 23: 255, 24: 255, 25: 255, 26: 255, 27: 255, 28: 255, 29: 255, 30: 255, 31: 255, 32: 255, 33: 255, 34: 255, 35: 255, 36: 255, 37: 255, 38: 255, 39: 255, 40: 255, 41: 255, 42: 255, 43: 255, 44: 255, 45: 255, 46: 255, 47: 255, 48: 255, 49: 255, 50: 255, 51: 255, 52: 255, 53: 255, 54: 255, 55: 255, 56: 255, 57: 255, 58: 255, 59: 255, 60: 255, 61: 255, 62: 255, 63: 255, 64: 255, 65: 0, 66: 0, 67: 0, 68: 0, 69: 0, 70: 0, 71: 255, 72: 0, 73: 0, 74: 0, 75: 0, 76: 0, 77: 0, 78: 0, 79: 0, 80: 255, 81: 0, 82: 0, 83: 0, 84: 0, 85: 0, 86: 0, 87: 0, 88: 255, 89: 255, 90: 255, 91: 255, 92: 255, 93: 255, 94: 0, 95: 255, 96: 255, 97: 255, 98: 255, 99: 255, 100: 255, 101: 0, 102: 0, 103: 255, 104: 255, 105: 255, 106: 255, 107: 255, 108: 255, 109: 255, 110: 0, 111: 255, 112: 255, 113: 255, 114: 255, 115: 255, 116: 0, 117: 0, 118: 255, 119: 255, 120: 255, 121: 255, 122: 255, 123: 255, 124: 0, 125: 0, 126: 255, 127: 255, 128: 255, 129: 255, 130: 255, 131: 0, 132: 0, 133: 0, 134: 255, 135: 255, 136: 255, 137: 255, 138: 255, 139: 0, 140: 0, 141: 255, 142: 255, 143: 255, 144: 255, 145: 255, 146: 0, 147: 0, 148: 0, 149: 255, 150: 255, 151: 255, 152: 255, 153: 255, 154: 255, 155: 255, 156: 0, 157: 255, 158: 255, 159: 255, 160: 255, 161: 255, 162: 255, 163: 255, 164: 255, 165: 255, 166: 255, 167: 255, 168: 255, 169: 255, 170: 255, 171: 255, 172: 255, 173: 255, 174: 255, 175: 255}

x为iconset-x打印依次显示为0，1，2，3，。。。，x,y,z

排序选出夹角最小的（即cos值最大）的向量，夹角越小则越接近重合，匹配越接近

guess.sort(reverse=True)
print("", guess[0])
count += 1

运行结果

 (0.9637681159420289, '7')
 (0.96234028545977, 's')
 (0.9286884286888929, '9')
 (0.9835037060984447, 't')
 (0.9675116507250627, '9')
 (0.9698971168877263, 'j')

完整源码在TTyb