聊聊Nginx

用户3467126

发布于 2019-07-03 18:07:32

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发布于 2019-07-03 18:07:32

文章被收录于专栏：爱编码爱编码

Nginx简介

Nginx是一款轻量级的Web 服务器/反向代理服务器及电子邮件（IMAP/POP3）代理服务器，并在一个BSD-like 协议下发行。其特点是占有内存少，并发能力强，事实上nginx的并发能力确实在同类型的网页服务器中表现较好

Nginx应用场景

静态资源Web服务
内容分发网络
浏览器缓存
跨站访问
防盗链
代理服务
负载均衡服务

Nginx安装（centos）

安装教程：

http://nginx.org/en/linux_packages.html#stable

nginx是由C语言写，所以需要在centos系统中安装相关解析库。

yum -y install make zlib zlib-devel gcc-c++ libtool  openssl openssl-devel

步骤

vim /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo

输入：可以理解为Nginx的下载地址

name=nginx repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/OS/OSRELEASE/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

安装 yum install nginx 控制台没报错，就没问题了。

常用命令 查看版本: nginx -v 查看安装的路径以及配置文件的路径: rpm -ql nginx 启动：

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

重启：

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

关闭：

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

Nginx配置

安装完成后，还需做好相关配置才能进行使用。其中主要的配置文件就是nginx.conf

cd /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

这个配置文件不用动，看最后一行

nginx.conf

user  nginx;
worker_processes  1;

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    #gzip  on;
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}

从nginx.conf的最后一行配置可以看到，只需去该目录/etc/nginx/conf.d/下新增自己的配置文件就能完成。

自定义配置

在/etc/nginx/conf.d目录下添加你自定义的配置。可以参考以下的

my_server.conf

server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  localhost 120.79.226.4;

    sendfile on;
    #charset koi8-r;
    access_log  /var/log/nginx/host.access.log  main;

    ### 反向代理，此处是80端口，可以代理8080端口中的数据。
    location ~ /my_proxy.html$ {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
    }

    ### 设置防盗链
    location ~ .*\.(jpg|gif|png)$ {

        #gzip on;       #gzip压缩
        #gzip_http_version 1.1;
        #gzip_comp_level 2;
        #gzip_types text/plain application/javascript application/x-javascript text/css application/xml text/javascript application/x-httpd-php image/jpeg image/gif image/png;

        valid_referers none blocked 120.79.226.4;
        if ($valid_referer) {
            return 403;
        }
        root /opt/app/code/images;
    }


    ### 压缩图片
    location ~ .*\.(jpg|gif|png)$ {
        #gzip on;       #gzip压缩
        #gzip_http_version 1.1;
        #gzip_comp_level 2;
        #gzip_types text/plain application/javascript application/x-javascript text/css application/xml text/javascript application/x-httpd-php image/jpeg image/gif image/png;


        root /opt/app/code/images;
    }

    ### 压缩文本
    location ~ .*\.(txt|xml)$ {
        #gzip on;   #gzip压缩
        #gzip_http_version 1.1;
        #gzip_comp_level 2;
        #gzip_types text/plain application/javascript application/x-javascript text/css application/xml text/javascript application/x-httpd-php image/jpeg image/gif image/png;
        root /opt/app/code/doc;
    }    

    ### 解压缩
    location ~ ^/download {
        gzip_static on; #可读取.gz文件，不推荐。
        tcp_nopush on;
        root /opt/app/code;
    }    

    ### 缓存
    #location ~ .*\.(htm|html)$ {
    #   expires 24h;#过期时间，缓存
    #   root /opt/app/code;
    #}

    ### 跨域访问
    location ~ .*\.(htm|html)$ {
        #add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin http://www.xbmchina.cn;
        #add_header Access-Control-Allow-Methods GET,POST,PUT,DELETE,OPTIONS;
        root /opt/app/code;
    }

    location / {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
        index  index.html index.htm;
    }

    #error_page  404              /404.html;

    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    #
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }

    # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
    #
    #location ~ \.php$ {
    #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
    #}

    # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
    #
    #location ~ \.php$ {
    #    root           html;
    #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
    #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
    #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
    #    include        fastcgi_params;
    #}

    # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
    # concurs with nginx's one
    #
    #location ~ /\.ht {
    #    deny  all;
    #}
}