python flask web基本结构 常用

|-flasky |-app/ |-templates/ |-static/ |-main/ |-init.py |-errors.py |-forms.py |-views.py |-init.py |-email.py |-models.py |-migrations/ |-tests/ |-init.py |-test*.py |-venv/ |-requirements.txt |-config.py |-manage.py

1、config.py import os basedir = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(file)) class Config: SECRET_KEY = os.environ.get('SECRET_KEY') or 'hard to guess string' SQLALCHEMY_COMMIT_ON_TEARDOWN = True FLASKY_MAIL_SUBJECT_PREFIX = '[Flasky]' FLASKY_MAIL_SENDER = 'Flasky Admin flasky@example.com' FLASKY_ADMIN = os.environ.get('FLASKY_ADMIN') @staticmethod def init_app(app): pass class DevelopmentConfig(Config): DEBUG = True MAIL_SERVER = 'smtp.googlemail.com' MAIL_PORT = 587 MAIL_USE_TLS = True MAIL_USERNAME = os.environ.get('MAIL_USERNAME') MAIL_PASSWORD = os.environ.get('MAIL_PASSWORD') SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = os.environ.get('DEV_DATABASE_URL') or 'sqlite:///' + os.path.join(basedir, 'data-dev.sqlite') class TestingConfig(Config): TESTING = True SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = os.environ.get('TEST_DATABASE_URL') or 'sqlite:///' + os.path.join(basedir, 'data-test.sqlite') class ProductionConfig(Config): SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = os.environ.get('DATABASE_URL') or 'sqlite:///' + os.path.join(basedir, 'data.sqlite')

config = { 'development': DevelopmentConfig, 'testing': TestingConfig, 'production': ProductionConfig, 'default': DevelopmentConfig }

2、app/init.py from flask import Flask, render_template from flask.ext.bootstrap import Bootstrap from flask.ext.mail import Mail from flask.ext.moment import Moment from flask.ext.sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy from config import config from .main import main as main_blueprint bootstrap = Bootstrap() mail = Mail() moment = Moment() db = SQLAlchemy() def create_app(config_name): app = Flask(name) app.config.from_object(config[config_name]) config[config_name].init_app(app) bootstrap.init_app(app) mail.init_app(app) moment.init_app(app) db.init_app(app) #注册蓝本 app.register_blueprint(main_blueprint) return app

3、 app/main/init.py ##创建蓝本 from flask import Blueprint main = Blueprint('main', name) from . import views, errors

4、 app/main/errors.py #@main.app_errorhandler(404) from flask import render_template from . import main @main.app_errorhandler(404) def page_not_found(e): return render_template('404.html'), 404 @main.app_errorhandler(500) def internal_server_error(e): return render_template('500.html'), 500

5 app/main/views.py #定义程序路由 from datetime import datetime from flask import render_template, session, redirect, url_for from . import main from .forms import NameForm from .. import db from ..models import User @main.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST']) def index(): form = NameForm() if form.validate_on_submit(): # ... return redirect(url_for('main.index')) return render_template('index.html',form=form, name=session.get('name'),known=session.get('known', False),current_time=datetime.utcnow())

6、 manage.py

!/usr/bin/env python

import os from app import create_app, db from app.models import User, Role from flask.ext.script import Manager, Shell from flask.ext.migrate import Migrate, MigrateCommand app = create_app(os.getenv('FLASK_CONFIG') or 'default') manager = Manager(app) migrate = Migrate(app, db)

def make_shell_context(): return dict(app=app, db=db, User=User, Role=Role) manager.add_command("shell", Shell(make_context=make_shell_context)) manager.add_command('db', MigrateCommand)

if name == 'main': manager.run()

7、 建立需求文件： pip freeze >requirements.txt Flask==0.10.1 Flask-Bootstrap==3.0.3.1 Flask-Mail==0.9.0 Flask-Migrate==1.1.0 Flask-Moment==0.2.0 Flask-SQLAlchemy==1.0 Flask-Script==0.6.6 Flask-WTF==0.9.4 Jinja2==2.7.1 Mako==0.9.1 MarkupSafe==0.18 SQLAlchemy==0.8.4 WTForms==1.0.5 Werkzeug==0.9.4 alembic==0.6.2 blinker==1.3 itsdangerous==0.23

安装： pip install -r requirements.txt

8、 单元测试： tests/test_basics.py import unittest from flask import current_app from app import create_app, db class BasicsTestCase(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self.app = create_app('testing') self.app_context = self.app.app_context() self.app_context.push() db.create_all() def tearDown(self): db.session.remove() db.drop_all() self.app_context.pop() def test_app_exists(self): self.assertFalse(current_app is None) def test_app_is_testing(self): self.assertTrue(current_app.config['TESTING'])

manage.py 中启动单元测试

@manager.command def test(): """Run the unit tests.""" import unittest tests = unittest.TestLoader().discover('tests') unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(tests)

运行 ： python manage.py test

9、创建或更新数据库： python manage.py db upgrade