【spring cloud】 网关Zuul(过滤:安全、监控、限流、路由)
【spring cloud】 网关Zuul(过滤:安全、监控、限流、路由)
单点搭建 注意：蓝色虚线代表注册；绿色虚线代表调用、红色虚线代表心跳
1. 添加依赖 创建项目tcloud-gateway-zuulserver , pom.xml内容如下
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId> com.svw.tbox.tcloud.gateway</groupId>
<artifactId>tcloud-gateway-zuulserver</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>tcloud-gateway-zuulserver</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.4.3.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<!-- 引入spring cloud的依赖 -->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Camden.SR4</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
</project>2. 启动类开启zuul
package com.svw.tbox.tcloud.gateway.zuul;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableZuulProxy
publicclass ZuulApplication {
publicstaticvoid main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ZuulApplication.class, args);
}
}3. application.yml配置端口和注册到eurekaserver
server:
port: 8200
spring:
application:
name: tcloud-gateway-zuulserver
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8100/eureka/
instance:
prefer-ip-address:true4. 效果 启动tcloud-user-eurekaserver 2个实例进程
启动tcloud-user-provider 2个实例进程
启动tcloud-user-consumer 1个实例进程
启动tcloud-gateway-zuulserver
访问http://localhost:8200/tcloud-user-consumer/user/hrf ,
请求会被Zuul转发到http://localhost:9000/user/hrf
访问http://localhost:8200/tcloud-user-provider/getUser ,
请求会被Zuul转发到http://localhost:8000/getUser
ü 小结
前提条件：
Eureka Server注册的微服务的serviceId 在此处简称ms_id ；
Eureka Server注册的微服务的IP 在此处简称 ms_ip ；
Eureka Server注册的微服务的端口号 在此处简称 ms_port 。
Zuul转发规则是：
http://网关IP地址:网关端口号/ms_id/**
会被转发到 =》
http:// ms_ip: ms_port/**
1. 高可用 原理：
Zuul 作为 Eureka Client ，创建多个ZuulEureka Client注册到Eureka Server集群
=>将多个Zuul节点注册到eureka sever
操作：
1.tcloud-gateway-zuulserver修改依赖pom.xml改成:
server:
port: 8200
spring:
application:
name: tcloud-gateway-zuulserver
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8100/eureka/,http://localhost:8101/eureka/
instance:
prefer-ip-address:true复制tcloud-gateway-zuulserver 项目 ，命名tcloud-gateway-zuulserver2修改 pom.xml
server:
port: 8201
spring:
application:
name: tcloud-gateway-zuulserver
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8100/eureka/,http://localhost:8101/eureka/
instance:
prefer-ip-address:true
启动两个zuul server=》重启provider和consumer微服务 ，运行效果和单节点一样
2. 容错：Zuul回退 如果微服务下线了，针对每个微服务，都需要回复一个中文提示，而不是报异常1. 修改zuul server 1. 针对微服务tcloud-user-consumer添加回退类
package com.svw.tbox.tcloud.gateway.zuul.fallback;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.route.ZuulFallbackProvider;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
@Component
public class ConsumerFallbackProvider implements ZuulFallbackProvider {
@Override
public String getRoute() {
// 表明是为哪个微服务提供回退
return "tcloud-user-consumer";
}
@Override
public ClientHttpResponse fallbackResponse() {
return new ClientHttpResponse() {
@Override
public HttpStatus getStatusCode() throws IOException {
// fallback时的状态码
return HttpStatus.OK;
}
@Override
public int getRawStatusCode() throws IOException {
// 数字类型的状态码，本例返回的其实就是200，详见HttpStatus
return this.getStatusCode().value();
}
@Override
public String getStatusText() throws IOException {
// 状态文本，本例返回的其实就是OK，详见HttpStatus
return this.getStatusCode().getReasonPhrase();
}
@Override
public void close() {
}
@Override
public InputStream getBody() throws IOException {
// 响应体
return new ByteArrayInputStream("tcloud-user-consumer微服务不可用，请稍后再试。".getBytes());
}
@Override
public HttpHeaders getHeaders() {
// headers设定
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
MediaType mt = new MediaType("application","json", Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
headers.setContentType(mt);
return headers;
}
};
}
}2. 效果 按照如下顺序启动：
=> tcloud-base-eurekaserver
=>tcloud-commons-configserver
=>tcloud-gateway-zuulserver
=>tcloud-user-provider
=>tcloud-user-consumer
关闭：tcloud-user-consumer
访问http://localhost:8200/tcloud-user-consumer/log-instance 出现如下效果：
1. 动态路由 参考3.9.4配置文件动态更新,将网关作为一个config client,注册到Eureka、config server ，连接到kafka。
1. Pom.xml添加依赖 <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-bus-kafka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
2. 添加配置参数 eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8100/eureka/
instance:
prefer-ip-address:true
server:
port: 8200
spring:
application:
name: tcloud-gateway
cloud:
stream:
default-binder: kafka
kafka:
binder:
zk-nodes: localhost:2181
brokers: localhost:9092
config:
failFast:true
profile: local
label: develop
discovery:
enabled:true
serviceId: tcloud-commons-config-server
3. 启动类中注册自动配置bean @RefreshScope @SpringBootApplication
@EnableZuulProxy
@EnableFeignClients
@EnableHystrix
publicclass GatewayApplication {
publicstaticvoid main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(GatewayApplication.class, args);
}
@RefreshScope
@ConfigurationProperties("zuul")
public ZuulProperties zuulProperties() {
returnnew ZuulProperties();
}
}
4. 配置路由参数 zuul:
add-host-header:true
routes:
tcloud-security-auth: /auth/**
tcloud-commons-config-server: /config/**
tcloud-gateway: /gateway/**
management:
security:
enabled:false
5. 效果 1. 开启基础服务 开启zookeeper、kafka
2. 写一个微服务测试controller tcloud-security-auth ，访问地址是：http://localhost:8200/auth/mqtt/profile
@RefreshScope
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/mqtt")
publicclass MqttController {
@Value("${profile}")
private String profile;
@RequestMapping(value = "/profile", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String profile() {
returnprofile;
}
……
3. 修改路由地址 zuul:
add-host-header:true
routes:
tcloud-security-auth: /check/**
tcloud-commons-config-server: /config/**
tcloud-gateway: /gateway/**
management:
security:
enabled:false
4. 请求自动刷新参数 访问: http://localhost:8300/bus/refresh
5. 再次请求 访问：http://localhost:8200/check/mqtt/profile