如何升级 Debian 9 (Stretch) 到 Debian 10 (Buster)

Buster Full Upgrade

Before we move on with the upgrade, let's fully upgrade our current Debian Jessie system:

# apt-get update
# apt-get upgrade
# apt-get dist-upgrade

If everything went smoothly, perform database sanity and consistency checks for partially installed, missing and obsolete packages:

# dpkg -C

If no issues are reported, check what packages are held back:

# apt-mark showhold

PackagesOn Holdwill not be upgraded, which may cause inconsistencies after Buster upgrade. Before you move to the next part, it is recommended to fix all issues produced by both above commands. The following command might be of a further assistance:

# dpkg --audit

Update Package Repository to Debian Buster

Now, that we have a current system fully upgraded, it is time to re-synchronize the package index files with new Debian Buster sources. This is done by editing/etc/apt/sources.listfile to includeDebianstretchpackage repository. First, make a backup the current/etc/apt/sources.list:

# cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup

Executeapt edit-sourcesor use your favourite text editor e.g.,VIMto modify a current/etc/apt/sources.listfile to include stretch repositories. Simply update keywordstretchtobuster.

Example:

FROM STRECTH:
deb http://httpredir.debian.org/debian stretch main
deb http://httpredir.debian.org/debian stretch-updates main
deb http://security.debian.org stretch/updates main

TO BUSTER:
deb http://httpredir.debian.org/debian buster main
deb http://httpredir.debian.org/debian buster-updates main
deb http://security.debian.org buster/updates main

Alternatively, use asedcommand to automate this tedious task:

# sed -i 's/stretch/buster/g' /etc/apt/sources.list

Once the above/etc/apt/sources.listfile edit is completed, useapt-getcommand to update packages index:

# apt update

Upgrade to Debian Buster Simulation

Before we hit the UPGRADE button, let's useaptcommand to see a preview of what we are facing. To do this executeapt list --upgradablecommand in order to get a quick survey of the number of packages to be installed, updated and removed without affecting the system.

# apt list --upgradable

Upgrade to Debian Buster

We have come to the most exciting part, which is the actual Stretch upgrade to Debian Buster system. During the upgrade you may be asked:

There are services installed on your system which need to be restarted when certain libraries, such as libpam, libc, and libssl, are upgraded. Since these restarts may cause interruptions of service for the system, you will normally be prompted on each upgrade for the list of services you wish to restart. You can choose this option to avoid being prompted; instead, all necessary restarts will be done for you automatically so you can avoid being asked questions on each library upgrade. Restart services during package upgrades without asking?

The choice is about whether you wish the system to restart your services automatically during the system upgrade or you wish to do it manually or after the system is fully upgrade to Buster. When ready, execute the bellow commands to commence the Debian Buster upgrade process:

# apt-get upgrade
# apt-get dist-upgrade

At this stage you should have your Stretch Debian Linux system fully upgraded to Debian Buster 10. Follow, this guide tocheck your current Debian version. Once again check for obsolete packages so there are no surprises down the track:

# aptitude search '~i(!~ODebian)'

Congratulations to your fully upgraded Debian 9 Stretch Linux system.

apt dist-upgrade

现在您可以从Debian系统中删除过时/不需要的软件包。

apt autoremove

apt clean

最后，重新启动系统。

shutdown -r now

检查您的Debian版本。

lsb_release -a