SpringBoot入门建站全系列（十）邮件发送功能
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SpringBoot入门建站全系列（十）邮件发送功能
Spring Mail API都在org.springframework.mail及其子包org.springframework.mail.javamail中封装。
JavaMailSenderImpl: 邮件发送器，主要提供了邮件发送接口、透明创建Java Mail的MimeMessage、及邮件发送的配置(如:host/port/username/password...)。
MimeMailMessage、MimeMessageHelper：对MimeMessage进行了封装。Spring还提供了一个回调接口MimeMessagePreparator, 用于准备JavaMail的MIME信件.
SpringBoot对Email做了封装：[https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/2.0.9.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/#boot-features-email
](https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/2.0.9.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/#boot-features-email
)
直接读取配置，然后我们的Service逻辑可以直接注入JavaMailSender进行邮件发送。
一、配置
本文假设你已经引入spring-boot-starter-web。已经是个SpringBoot项目了,如果不会搭建，可以打开这篇文章看一看《SpringBoot入门建站全系列（一）项目建立》。
1.1 Maven依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
</dependency>配置fastjson是因为我写的示例中用到了，用不到的话就可以去掉。
1.2 配置文件
application.properties 中需要添加下面的配置：
spring.mail.host=smtp.qq.com
spring.mail.username=916881512@qq.com
spring.mail.password=xxxxx
spring.mail.port=465
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.auth=true
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.enable=true
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.ssl.enable=true
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.required=true
mail.from=916881512@qq.com
mail.fromName=Admin这里，
- spring.mail.properties是额外的配置信息。
- spring.mail.port这个很重要，我用的是465，是smtp的ssl端口，smtp一般是用25端口，但是很多云服务器把25端口禁用了，美其名曰安全。所以可以用465端口也发送邮件。如果想用25端口，后面的spring.mail.properties.*去掉即可。
- mail.from和mail.fromName是业务逻辑需要的配置，不是SpringBoot自动装配的。
- 其他配置文件都是见文知意了，不再说了。
SpringBoot官网配置文件说明：
# Email (MailProperties)
spring.mail.default-encoding=UTF-8 # Default MimeMessage encoding.
spring.mail.host= # SMTP server host. For instance, `smtp.example.com`.
spring.mail.jndi-name= # Session JNDI name. When set, takes precedence over other Session settings.
spring.mail.password= # Login password of the SMTP server.
spring.mail.port= # SMTP server port.
spring.mail.properties.*= # Additional JavaMail Session properties.
spring.mail.protocol=smtp # Protocol used by the SMTP server.
spring.mail.test-connection=false # Whether to test that the mail server is available on startup.
spring.mail.username= # Login user of the SMTP server.二、发送邮件业务逻辑
发送邮件时，需要指明发送人邮箱和名称。
package com.cff.springbootwork.mail.service;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.List;
import javax.mail.MessagingException;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeUtility;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.core.io.FileSystemResource;
import org.springframework.mail.MailException;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessageHelper;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONArray;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.parser.Feature;
import com.cff.springbootwork.mail.type.*;
@Service
public class MailService {
private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());
static final String DELIM_STR = "{}";
@Autowired
private JavaMailSender javaMailSender;
@Value("${mail.from}")
private String from;
@Value("${mail.fromName}")
private String fromName;
/**
* 简单发送html内容
*
* @param to
* 指定收件人
* @param subject
* 主题
* @param content
* 内容
* @param isHtml
* 是否是html
*/
public void sendSimpleMail(String to, String subject, String content, boolean isHtml) {
MimeMessage message = javaMailSender.createMimeMessage();
try {
MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);
helper.setFrom(from,fromName);
helper.setTo(to);
helper.setSubject(subject);
helper.setText(content, isHtml);
javaMailSender.send(message);
logger.info("html邮件发送成功");
} catch (MessagingException e) {
logger.error("发送html邮件时发生异常！", e);
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
logger.error("发送html邮件时发生异常！", e);
}
}
/**
* 简单发送内嵌文件方法
*
* @param to
* 指定收件人
* @param subject
* 主题
* @param content
* 内容
* @param rscPath
* 资源路径（文件路径）
* @param rscId
* 资源标识
*/
public void sendInlineResourceMail(String to, String subject, String content, String rscPath, String rscId) {
MimeMessage message = javaMailSender.createMimeMessage();
try {
MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);
helper.setFrom(from,fromName);
helper.setTo(to);
helper.setSubject(subject);
helper.setText(content, true);
FileSystemResource res = new FileSystemResource(new File(rscPath));
helper.addInline(rscId, res);
javaMailSender.send(message);
logger.info("嵌入静态资源的邮件已经发送。");
} catch (MessagingException e) {
logger.error("发送嵌入静态资源的邮件时发生异常！", e);
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
logger.error("发送嵌入静态资源的邮件时发生异常！", e);
}
}
/**
* 简单发送附件方法
*
* @param to
* 指定收件人
* @param subject
* 主题
* @param content
* 内容
* @param filePath
* 附件地址，可传递多个
*/
public void sendAttachmentsMail(String to, String subject, String content, String[] filePaths) {
System.getProperties().setProperty("mail.mime.splitlongparameters", "false");
MimeMessage message = javaMailSender.createMimeMessage();
try {
MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true, "utf-8");
helper.setFrom(from,fromName);
helper.setTo(to);
helper.setSubject(subject);
helper.setText(content, true);
for (String filePath : filePaths) {
FileSystemResource file = new FileSystemResource(new File(filePath));
String fileName = filePath.substring(filePath.lastIndexOf(File.separator) + 1);
helper.addAttachment(MimeUtility.encodeText(fileName), file);
}
javaMailSender.send(message);
logger.info("带附件的邮件已经发送。");
} catch (MessagingException e) {
logger.error("发送带附件的邮件时发生异常！", e);
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 完整发送邮件方法，需要调用setMailMessage方法配置邮件 {@link #setMailMessage(MailMessage)}
* <p>占位符使用{},内容中如果要使用{},就修改代码吧，这里不支持。
* @param content
* 带占位符正文
* @param mailTypes
* 可变参数，填充占位符
* @throws Exception
*/
public void sendCompleteHtml(String content, List<MailType> mailTypes, MailMessage mailMessage) throws Exception {
System.getProperties().setProperty("mail.mime.splitlongparameters", "false");
if (mailMessage.getFrom() == null || "".equals(mailMessage.getFrom())) {
mailMessage.setFrom(from);
mailMessage.setFromName(fromName);
}
MimeMessage message = javaMailSender.createMimeMessage();
MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);
helper.setFrom(mailMessage.getFrom());
helper.setTo(mailMessage.getTo());
if (mailMessage.getCc() != null && mailMessage.getCc().length > 0)
helper.setCc(mailMessage.getCc());
helper.setSubject(mailMessage.getSubject());
String msg = getContent(content, mailTypes);
helper.setText(msg, true);
for (MailType item : mailTypes) {
switch (item.getType()) {
case MailType.TYPE_FILE:
if (item != null) {
InlineFile inlineFile = (InlineFile) item;
helper.addInline(inlineFile.getCid(), new File(inlineFile.getFilePath()));
}
break;
case MailType.TYPE_ATTACH:
if (item != null) {
AttachFile attachFile = (AttachFile) item;
helper.addAttachment(MimeUtility.encodeText(attachFile.getFileName()),
new File(attachFile.getFilePath()));
}
break;
}
}
try{
javaMailSender.send(message);
}catch(MailException e){
logger.error("邮件发送过程出错，重发一次。",e);
javaMailSender.send(message);
}
logger.info("完整的邮件已经发送。");
}
/**
* 解析占位符
*
* @param content
* 字符串，带占位符{},有多少个{},就要有多少个MailType
* @param mailTypes
* MailType填充参数, 注：换行需主动添加
* @return 解析后的正文
* @throws MessagingException
* @throws IOException
*/
private String getContent(String content, List<MailType> mailTypes) throws MessagingException, IOException {
String bodyPrefix = "<html><body>";
String bodySuffix = "</body></html>";
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
sb.append(bodyPrefix);
for (MailType item : mailTypes) {
if (content.length() < 1)
break;
int index = content.indexOf(DELIM_STR);
if (index == -1)
break;
sb.append(content.substring(0, index));
switch (item.getType()) {
case MailType.TYPE_FILE:
if (item != null) {
InlineFile inlineFile = (InlineFile) item;
sb.append("<img src=\'cid:" + inlineFile.getCid() + "\' />");
}
break;
case MailType.TYPE_TEXT:
TextString textString = (TextString) item;
sb.append(textString.getText());
break;
case MailType.TYPE_JSON:
JsonTable json = (JsonTable) item;
sb.append(genReportData(json));
break;
}
content = content.substring(index + 2);
}
sb.append(content);
sb.append(bodySuffix);
return sb.toString();
}
/**
* 根据Json字符串，生成有序的表格
*
* @param jsonTable
* json转table实体
* @return 表格字符串
* @throws IOException
*/
private String genReportData(JsonTable jsonTable) throws IOException {
JSONArray ja = (JSONArray) JSON.parse(jsonTable.getData(), Feature.OrderedField);
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
try {
sb.append("<table border=\"1\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;font-size:14px\">\n");
sb.append("<caption align = \"left\">");
sb.append(jsonTable.getTitle());
sb.append("</caption>\n");
JSONObject jsonFirst = (JSONObject) ja.get(0);
sb.append("<tr>\n");
for (String key : jsonFirst.keySet()) {
sb.append("<td>");
sb.append(jsonFirst.get(key));
sb.append("</td>\n");
}
sb.append("</tr>\n");
ja.remove(0);
for (Object column : ja) {
sb.append("<tr>\n");
JSONObject json = (JSONObject) column;
for (String key : jsonFirst.keySet()) {
sb.append("<td>");
sb.append(json.get(key));
sb.append("</td>\n");
}
sb.append("</tr>\n");
}
sb.append("</table>\n");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return sb.toString();
}
public String getFrom() {
return from;
}
public void setFrom(String from) {
this.from = from;
}
public JavaMailSender getJavaMailSender() {
return javaMailSender;
}
public void setJavaMailSender(JavaMailSender javaMailSender) {
this.javaMailSender = javaMailSender;
}
public String getFromName() {
return fromName;
}
public void setFromName(String fromName) {
this.fromName = fromName;
}
}这里的MailService定义了多种邮件发送方式，包含普通文本、html、内嵌图片、附件、表格等。因此需要我们定义多种实体。
三、测试
新建一个MailRest,用来测试邮件发送：
package com.cff.springbootwork.mail.web;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.cff.springbootwork.mail.service.MailService;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/mail")
public class MailRest {
@Autowired
MailService mailService;
@RequestMapping(value = "/mail/{to}", method = { RequestMethod.GET })
public String mail(@PathVariable("to") String to) {
String content = "直接登录网页 看发邮件吗，不能发的话 asdasd";
mailService.sendSimpleMail(to, content, content, true);
return "hello,world";
}
}四、过程中用到的邮件类型实体
MailMessage邮件实体：
package com.cff.springbootwork.mail.type;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
* mail实体，使用Builder生成 例: new MailMessage.Builder().to(to).build();
* @author fufei
*
*/
public class MailMessage {
private String from;
private String fromName;
private List<String> to;
private List<String> cc;
private String subject;
MailMessage(Builder builder) {
this.from = builder.from;
this.to = builder.to;
this.cc = builder.cc;
this.subject = builder.subject;
this.fromName = builder.fromName;
}
public static class Builder {
private String from;
private String fromName;
private List<String> to = new ArrayList<String>();
private List<String> cc = new ArrayList<String>();
private String subject;
public Builder() {
}
/**
* 添加发送人信息，为空则需要调用方主动设置
* @param from 发送人邮件字符串
* @return
*/
public Builder from(String from) {
this.from = from;
return this;
}
/**
* 添加发送人信息，为空则需要调用方主动设置
* @param from 发送人邮件字符串
* @return
*/
public Builder fromName(String fromName) {
this.fromName = fromName;
return this;
}
/**
* 添加收件人
* @param toAddr String
* @return
*/
public Builder addTo(String toAddr) {
to.add(toAddr);
return this;
}
/**
* 添加收件人列表
* @param toAddr String
* @return
*/
public Builder addTo(List<String> toAddr) {
to.addAll(toAddr);
return this;
}
/**
* 设置收件人列表
* @param to 收件人数组
* @return
*/
public Builder to(List<String> to) {
this.to = to;
return this;
}
/**
* 添加抄送人
* @param ccAddr
* @return
*/
public Builder addCc(String ccAddr) {
cc.add(ccAddr);
return this;
}
/**
* 添加抄送人列表
* @param ccAddr
* @return
*/
public Builder addCc(List<String> ccAddr) {
cc.addAll(ccAddr);
return this;
}
/**
* 设置抄送人列表
* @param cc
* @return
*/
public Builder cc(List<String> cc) {
this.cc = cc;
return this;
}
/**
* 设置主题
* @param subject
* @return
*/
public Builder subject(String subject) {
this.subject = subject;
return this;
}
/**
* 生成MailMessage
* @return MailMessage
*/
public MailMessage build() {
if (to.size() < 1)
throw new IllegalStateException("邮件接收人为空!");
return new MailMessage(this);
}
}
public String getFrom() {
return from;
}
public void setFrom(String from) {
this.from = from;
}
public String getFromName() {
return fromName;
}
public void setFromName(String fromName) {
this.fromName = fromName;
}
public String[] getTo() {
String[] array = new String[to.size()];
String[] s = to.toArray(array);
return s;
}
public String[] getCc() {
if (cc.size() < 1)
return null;
String[] array = new String[cc.size()];
String[] s = cc.toArray(array);
return s;
}
public String getSubject() {
return subject;
}
}MailType邮件类型接口：
package com.cff.springbootwork.mail.type;
/**
* 邮件类型
* @author fufei
*
*/
public abstract class MailType {
public final static char TYPE_FILE = 'F';
public final static char TYPE_ATTACH = 'A';
public final static char TYPE_TEXT = 'T';
public final static char TYPE_JSON = 'J';
public abstract char getType();
}详细完整的邮件类型，可以访问品茗IT-博客《SpringBoot入门建站全系列（十）邮件发送功能》进行查看
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原创声明：本文系作者授权腾讯云开发者社区发表，未经许可，不得转载。
如有侵权，请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除。
原创声明：本文系作者授权腾讯云开发者社区发表，未经许可，不得转载。
如有侵权，请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除。
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