matplotlib中,使用subplot2grid()函数,可以让图形跨越固定的网格布局。通过设置该函数的rowspan 和 colspan 参数,可以让图形占据多个行和列。
import matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
matplotlib.rcParams["font.sans-serif"] = ["KaiTi"]
matplotlib.rcParams["axes.unicode_minus"] = False
X1 = np.linspace(0,20,1000)
Y1= np.e**(X1) * np.sin(X1)
X2 = np.random.randn(1000)+100
#网格共2行,3列,从(0,0)(注意,序数从0开始!)开始,跨越2列
plt.subplot2grid((2,3), (0,0),colspan =2)
plt.hist(X2, color ='red', edgecolor='black')
plt.xlabel("x 轴标签",color ="b")
plt.ylabel("y 轴标签",color ="b")
plt.title("标题2",color ="b")
#网格共2行,3列,从(0,2)开始,默认只占1列。
plt.subplot2grid((2,3), (0,2))
plt.boxplot([X2],labels=("G1",))
plt.ylabel("y 轴标签",color ="b")
plt.title("标题3",color ="b")
plt.subplot2grid((2,3), (1,0), colspan =3)
plt.plot(X1,Y1,"r-")
plt.xlabel("x 轴标签",color ="b")
plt.ylabel("y 轴标签",color ="b")
plt.title("标题1",color ="b")
plt.grid()
plt.suptitle("画布总标题")
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()
也可以以matplotlib子模块gridspec中的类GridSpec作为add_subplot的参数,给画布分区。
import matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.gridspec import GridSpec
import numpy as np
matplotlib.rcParams["font.sans-serif"] = ["KaiTi"]
matplotlib.rcParams["axes.unicode_minus"] = False
X1 = np.linspace(0,20,1000)
Y1= np.e**(X1) * np.sin(X1)
X2 = np.random.randn(1000)+100
fig = plt.figure()#画布对象
gs = GridSpec(2,3)#2行3列
#第0行,跨越0到1列
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(gs[0, 0:2], facecolor="yellowgreen")
ax1.hist(X2, color ='red', edgecolor='black')
ax1.set_xlabel("x 轴标签",color ="b")
for ticklabel in ax1.get_xticklabels():
ticklabel.set_rotation(60)#设置x轴刻度数字的旋转角度
ax1.set_ylabel("y 轴标签",color ="b")
ax1.set_title("标题2",color ="b")
#第0行,第2列(从0开始!!)
ax2 = fig.add_subplot(gs[0, 2], facecolor="yellowgreen")
ax2.boxplot([X2],labels=("G1",))
ax2.set_ylabel("y 轴标签",color ="b")#注意图形对象ax的方法名和pyplot比 多了 "set_" !!!!!
ax2.set_ylim(90,105)
ax2.set_yticks(np.arange(90,107.5,2.5))
ax2.set_title("标题3",color ="b")
#第1行,跨越所有列(从0开始!!)
ax3 = fig.add_subplot(gs[1,:])
ax3.plot(X1,Y1,"r-")
ax3.set_xlabel("x 轴标签",color ="b",bbox = {"facecolor":"lightgreen","pad":3,"alpha": 0.3})#显示方框,pad决定留白的大小
ax3.set_ylabel("y 轴标签",color ="b",bbox = {"facecolor":"yellow","pad":3,"alpha": 0.3})
ax3.set_title("标题1",color ="b",bbox = {"facecolor":"magenta","pad":5,"alpha": 0.4})
ax3.grid()
plt.suptitle("画布总标题")
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()
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