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docker学习6-docker-compose容器集群编排
前言
实际工作中我们部署一个应用，一般不仅仅只有一个容器，可能会涉及到多个，比如用到数据库，中间件MQ，web前端和后端服务，等多个容器。 我们如果一个个去启动应用，当项目非常多时，就很难记住了，所有需要一个配置文件，负责实现对Docker容器集群的快速编排。
docker-compose
简介
Docker-Compose项目是Docker官方的开源项目，负责实现对Docker容器集群的快速编排。 Docker-Compose将所管理的容器分为三层，分别是工程（project），服务（service）以及容器（container）。 Docker-Compose运行目录下的所有文件（docker-compose.yml，extends文件或环境变量文件等）组成一个工程，若无特殊指定工程名即为当前目录名。一个工程当中可包含多个服务，每个服务中定义了容器运行的镜像，参数，依赖。一个服务当中可包括多个容器实例，Docker-Compose并没有解决负载均衡的问题，因此需要借助其它工具实现服务发现及负载均衡。
Docker-Compose的工程配置文件默认为docker-compose.yml，可通过环境变量COMPOSE_FILE或-f参数自定义配置文件，其定义了多个有依赖关系的服务及每个服务运行的容器。
安装
docker-compose使用pip安装即可
pip install docker-compose
使用docker-compose version查看版本
[root@yoyo ~]# docker-compose version /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests/__init__.py:80: RequestsDependencyWarning: urllib3 (1.22) or chardet (2.2.1) doesn't match a supported version! RequestsDependencyWarning) docker-compose version 1.24.1, build 4667896 docker-py version: 3.7.3 CPython version: 2.7.5 OpenSSL version: OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips 11 Feb 2013 [root@yoyo ~]#
实例
docker-compose.yml文件
docker-compose已经安装成功，接下来去https://hub.docker.com上找个项目部署练练手，项目地址：https://hub.docker.com/r/easymock/easymock
docker-compose 文件内容
version: '3'
services:
mongodb:
image: mongo:3.4
volumes:
# ./data/db 数据库文件存放地址，根据需要修改为本地地址
- './data/db:/data/db'
networks:
- easy-mock
restart: always
redis:
image: redis:4.0.6
command: redis-server --appendonly yes
volumes:
# ./data/redis redis 数据文件存放地址，根据需要修改为本地地址
- './data/redis:/data'
networks:
- easy-mock
restart: always
web:
image: easymock/easymock:1.6.0
command: /bin/bash -c "npm start"
ports:
- 7300:7300
volumes:
# 日志地址，根据需要修改为本地地址
- './logs:/home/easy-mock/easy-mock/logs'
# 配置地址，请使用本地配置地址替换
# - './production.json:/home/easy-mock/easy-mock/config/production.json'
networks:
- easy-mock
restart: always
networks:
easy-mock:在本地新建一个文件夹/root/easymock，接着新建文件docker-compose.yml，把上面的内容写入到这个文件里，如下步骤
[root@yoyo ~]# mkdir /root/easymock
[root@yoyo ~]# cd /root/easymock/
[root@yoyo easymock]# touch docker-compose.yml
[root@yoyo easymock]# vi docker-compose.yml
[root@yoyo easymock]# cat docker-compose.yml
version: '3'
services:
mongodb:
image: mongo:3.4
volumes:
# ./data/db 数据库文件存放地址，根据需要修改为本地地址
- './data/db:/data/db'
networks:
- easy-mock
restart: always
redis:
image: redis:4.0.6
command: redis-server --appendonly yes
volumes:
# ./data/redis redis 数据文件存放地址，根据需要修改为本地地址
- './data/redis:/data'
networks:
- easy-mock
restart: always
web:
image: easymock/easymock:1.6.0
command: /bin/bash -c "npm start"
ports:
- 7300:7300
volumes:
# 日志地址，根据需要修改为本地地址
- './logs:/home/easy-mock/easy-mock/logs'
# 配置地址，请使用本地配置地址替换
# - './production.json:/home/easy-mock/easy-mock/config/production.json'
networks:
- easy-mock
restart: always
networks:
easy-mock:
[root@yoyo easymock]#docker-compose up启动
使用docker-compose up 指令启动服务,可以看到依次启动三个容器
- Creating easymock_redis_1 … done
- Creating easymock_mongodb_1 … done
- Creating easymock_web_1 … done
[root@yoyo easymock]# docker-compose up /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests/__init__.py:80: RequestsDependencyWarning: urllib3 (1.22) or chardet (2.2.1) doesn't match a supported version! RequestsDependencyWarning) Creating network "easymock_easy-mock" with the default driver Pulling mongodb (mongo:3.4)... 3.4: Pulling from library/mongo f7277927d38a: Pull complete 8d3eac894db4: Pull complete edf72af6d627: Pull complete 3e4f86211d23: Pull complete 5747135f14d2: Pull complete f56f2c3793f6: Pull complete f8b941527f3a: Pull complete 4000e5ef59f4: Pull complete b2229b3c9065: Pull complete 63e3700b27e5: Pull complete a77f0e7057fd: Pull complete 4ea8e2e4c04b: Pull complete 3214e739257b: Pull complete d05fd2e6729f: Pull complete Digest: sha256:0264d096073b0a862586cfe9a4a8d1a41e206b447d5f1043f241177d9cc70b7d Status: Downloaded newer image for mongo:3.4 Pulling redis (redis:4.0.6)... 4.0.6: Pulling from library/redis c4bb02b17bb4: Pull complete 58638acf67c5: Pull complete f98d108cc38b: Pull complete 83be14fccb07: Pull complete 5d5f41793421: Pull complete ed89ff0d9eb2: Pull complete Digest: sha256:0e773022cd6572a5153e5013afced0f7191652d3cdf9b1c6785eb13f6b2974b1 Status: Downloaded newer image for redis:4.0.6 Pulling web (easymock/easymock:1.6.0)... 1.6.0: Pulling from easymock/easymock 7e6591854262: Pull complete 089d60cb4e0a: Pull complete 9c461696bc09: Pull complete 45085432511a: Pull complete 70a7567bd8cf: Pull complete 0f7e44bf28f5: Pull complete 523067e58a08: Pull complete 35e77c0527fd: Pull complete 0df0b0c81b8b: Pull complete cd5e5a709bf4: Pull complete d50e2d78de99: Pull complete Digest: sha256:37d50204c694eb4e50a7ba66406736bc1ae631e0e230abf77573d5ed154fb5a2 Status: Downloaded newer image for easymock/easymock:1.6.0 Creating easymock_redis_1 ... done Creating easymock_mongodb_1 ... done Creating easymock_web_1 ... done
如果看到以下报错，permission denied, open ‘logs/2019-08-18-info.log’,给log文件夹加个权限即可
chmod 777 /root/easymock/logs/
web_1 | WARNING: NODE_ENV value of 'production' did not match any deployment config file names. web_1 | WARNING: See https://github.com/lorenwest/node-config/wiki/Strict-Mode web_1 | server started at http://0.0.0.0:7300 web_1 | events.js:182 web_1 | throw er; // Unhandled 'error' event web_1 | ^ web_1 | web_1 | Error: EACCES: permission denied, open 'logs/2019-08-18-info.log' web_1 | npm ERR! code ELIFECYCLE web_1 | npm ERR! errno 1 web_1 | npm ERR! easy-mock@1.6.0 start: `cross-env NODE_ENV=production node app` web_1 | npm ERR! Exit status 1 web_1 | npm ERR! web_1 | npm ERR! Failed at the easy-mock@1.6.0 start script. web_1 | npm ERR! This is probably not a problem with npm. There is likely additional logging output above. web_1 | web_1 | npm ERR! A complete log of this run can be found in: web_1 | npm ERR! /home/easy-mock/.npm/_logs/2019-08-18T15_02_51_366Z-debug.log
接着浏览器输入http://ip:7300/即可访问了
docker-compose挂后台运行
挂后台运行需加-d参数
docker-compose up -d
查看正在启动的docker容器使用docker ps
[root@yoyo easymock]# docker-compose up -d /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests/__init__.py:80: RequestsDependencyWarning: urllib3 (1.22) or chardet (2.2.1) doesn't match a supported version! RequestsDependencyWarning) Starting easymock_mongodb_1 ... done Starting easymock_web_1 ... done Starting easymock_redis_1 ... done [root@yoyo easymock]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 026f41a372cf easymock/easymock:1.6.0 "/bin/bash -c 'npm s…" 11 minutes ago Up 7 seconds 0.0.0.0:7300->7300/tcp easymock_web_1 5dbbb2086b1c redis:4.0.6 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 11 minutes ago Up 7 seconds 6379/tcp easymock_redis_1 f4772582dd03 mongo:3.4 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 11 minutes ago Up 7 seconds 27017/tcp easymock_mongodb_1 1d07763a6eaa tomcat "catalina.sh run" 7 weeks ago Up 5 weeks 0.0.0.0:8090->8080/tcp yoyotomcat 37a3b50d151c mysql:5.6 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 7 weeks ago Up 5 weeks 0.0.0.0:3308->3306/tcp mymysql [root@yoyo easymock]#
docker-compose停止运行
停掉服务使用docker-compose down
docker-compose down
[root@yoyo easymock]# docker-compose down /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests/__init__.py:80: RequestsDependencyWarning: urllib3 (1.22) or chardet (2.2.1) doesn't match a supported version! RequestsDependencyWarning) Stopping easymock_web_1 ... done Stopping easymock_redis_1 ... done Stopping easymock_mongodb_1 ... done Removing easymock_web_1 ... done Removing easymock_redis_1 ... done Removing easymock_mongodb_1 ... done Removing network easymock_easy-mock [root@yoyo easymock]#
本文分享自微信公众号 - 从零开始学自动化测试（yoyoketang），作者：上海悠悠
原文出处及转载信息见文内详细说明，如有侵权，请联系 yunjia_community@tencent.com 删除。
原始发表时间：2019-08-18
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