Qt编写自定义控件1-汽车仪表盘

原创

feiyangqingyun

修改于 2019-08-23 10:12:15

2.8K0

修改于 2019-08-23 10:12:15

文章被收录于专栏：Qt项目实战

一、前言

汽车仪表盘几乎是qt写仪表盘控件中最常见的，一般来说先要求美工做好设计图，然后设计效果图给到程序员，由程序员根据效果来实现，主要靠贴图，这种方法有个好处就是做出来的效果比较逼真，和真实效果图基本上保持一致，而且程序员也不会那么累，基本上入门级别的程序员都可以搞定，效率比较高，缺点是如果用户需要更改某个部件的颜色，比如指针的颜色等，需要重新做效果图贴图才能实现，比较麻烦，还有一点就是如果效果图原图不是很大，则遇到特殊分辨率情况下，可能会有失真的情况，被强制拉伸等。

我一贯都喜欢用painter来绘制，以规避后面几点的缺点，也可以锻炼下自己的审美能力，所谓心中有坐标，万物皆painter。

二、实现的功能

1:可设置范围值,支持负数值
2:可设置精确度,最大支持小数点后3位
3:可设置大刻度数量/小刻度数量
4:可设置开始旋转角度/结束旋转角度
5:可设置是否启用动画效果以及动画效果每次移动的步长
6:可设置外圆背景/内圆背景/饼圆三种颜色/刻度尺颜色/文字颜色
7:自适应窗体拉伸,刻度尺和文字自动缩放
8:可自由拓展各种渐变色,各圆的半径
9:三色圆环按照比例设置范围角度用户可以自由设置三色占用比例
10:圆环样式可选择三色圆环当前圆环
11:指示器样式可选择圆形指示器指针指示器圆角指针指示器三角形指示器

三、效果图

四、头文件代码

#ifndef GAUGECAR_H
#define GAUGECAR_H

/**
 * 汽车仪表盘控件 作者:feiyangqingyun(QQ:517216493) 2016-11-20
 * 1:可设置范围值,支持负数值
 * 2:可设置精确度,最大支持小数点后3位
 * 3:可设置大刻度数量/小刻度数量
 * 4:可设置开始旋转角度/结束旋转角度
 * 5:可设置是否启用动画效果以及动画效果每次移动的步长
 * 6:可设置外圆背景/内圆背景/饼圆三种颜色/刻度尺颜色/文字颜色
 * 7:自适应窗体拉伸,刻度尺和文字自动缩放
 * 8:可自由拓展各种渐变色,各圆的半径
 * 9:三色圆环按照比例设置范围角度 用户可以自由设置三色占用比例
 * 10:圆环样式可选择 三色圆环 当前圆环
 * 11:指示器样式可选择 圆形指示器 指针指示器 圆角指针指示器 三角形指示器
 */

#include <QWidget>

#ifdef quc
#if (QT_VERSION < QT_VERSION_CHECK(5,7,0))
#include <QtDesigner/QDesignerExportWidget>
#else
#include <QtUiPlugin/QDesignerExportWidget>
#endif

class QDESIGNER_WIDGET_EXPORT GaugeCar : public QWidget
#else
class GaugeCar : public QWidget
#endif

{
    Q_OBJECT
    Q_ENUMS(PieStyle)
    Q_ENUMS(PointerStyle)

    Q_PROPERTY(double minValue READ getMinValue WRITE setMinValue)
    Q_PROPERTY(double maxValue READ getMaxValue WRITE setMaxValue)
    Q_PROPERTY(double value READ getValue WRITE setValue)
    Q_PROPERTY(int precision READ getPrecision WRITE setPrecision)

    Q_PROPERTY(int scaleMajor READ getScaleMajor WRITE setScaleMajor)
    Q_PROPERTY(int scaleMinor READ getScaleMinor WRITE setScaleMinor)
    Q_PROPERTY(int startAngle READ getStartAngle WRITE setStartAngle)
    Q_PROPERTY(int endAngle READ getEndAngle WRITE setEndAngle)

    Q_PROPERTY(bool animation READ getAnimation WRITE setAnimation)
    Q_PROPERTY(double animationStep READ getAnimationStep WRITE setAnimationStep)

    Q_PROPERTY(QColor outerCircleColor READ getOuterCircleColor WRITE setOuterCircleColor)
    Q_PROPERTY(QColor innerCircleColor READ getInnerCircleColor WRITE setInnerCircleColor)

    Q_PROPERTY(QColor pieColorStart READ getPieColorStart WRITE setPieColorStart)
    Q_PROPERTY(QColor pieColorMid READ getPieColorMid WRITE setPieColorMid)
    Q_PROPERTY(QColor pieColorEnd READ getPieColorEnd WRITE setPieColorEnd)

    Q_PROPERTY(QColor coverCircleColor READ getCoverCircleColor WRITE setCoverCircleColor)
    Q_PROPERTY(QColor scaleColor READ getScaleColor WRITE setScaleColor)
    Q_PROPERTY(QColor pointerColor READ getPointerColor WRITE setPointerColor)
    Q_PROPERTY(QColor centerCircleColor READ getCenterCircleColor WRITE setCenterCircleColor)
    Q_PROPERTY(QColor textColor READ getTextColor WRITE setTextColor)

    Q_PROPERTY(bool showOverlay READ getShowOverlay WRITE setShowOverlay)
    Q_PROPERTY(QColor overlayColor READ getOverlayColor WRITE setOverlayColor)

    Q_PROPERTY(PieStyle pieStyle READ getPieStyle WRITE setPieStyle)
    Q_PROPERTY(PointerStyle pointerStyle READ getPointerStyle WRITE setPointerStyle)

public:
    enum PieStyle {
        PieStyle_Three = 0,         	//三色圆环
        PieStyle_Current = 1        	//当前圆环
    };

    enum PointerStyle {
        PointerStyle_Circle = 0,        //圆形指示器
        PointerStyle_Indicator = 1,     //指针指示器
        PointerStyle_IndicatorR = 2,    //圆角指针指示器
        PointerStyle_Triangle = 3       //三角形指示器
	};

    explicit GaugeCar(QWidget *parent = 0);
    ~GaugeCar();

protected:
    void paintEvent(QPaintEvent *);
    void drawOuterCircle(QPainter *painter);
    void drawInnerCircle(QPainter *painter);
    void drawColorPie(QPainter *painter);
    void drawCoverCircle(QPainter *painter);
    void drawScale(QPainter *painter);
    void drawScaleNum(QPainter *painter);
    void drawPointerCircle(QPainter *painter);
    void drawPointerIndicator(QPainter *painter);
    void drawPointerIndicatorR(QPainter *painter);
    void drawPointerTriangle(QPainter *painter);
    void drawRoundCircle(QPainter *painter);
    void drawCenterCircle(QPainter *painter);
    void drawValue(QPainter *painter);
    void drawOverlay(QPainter *painter);

private slots:
    void updateValue();

private:    
    double minValue;                //最小值
    double maxValue;                //最大值
    double value;                   //目标值
    int precision;                  //精确度,小数点后几位

    int scaleMajor;                 //大刻度数量
    int scaleMinor;                 //小刻度数量
    int startAngle;                 //开始旋转角度
    int endAngle;                   //结束旋转角度

    bool animation;                 //是否启用动画显示
    double animationStep;           //动画显示时步长

    QColor outerCircleColor;        //外圆背景颜色
    QColor innerCircleColor;        //内圆背景颜色

    QColor pieColorStart;           //饼圆开始颜色
    QColor pieColorMid;             //饼圆中间颜色
    QColor pieColorEnd;             //饼圆结束颜色

    QColor coverCircleColor;        //覆盖圆背景颜色
    QColor scaleColor;              //刻度尺颜色
    QColor pointerColor;            //指针颜色
    QColor centerCircleColor;       //中心圆颜色
    QColor textColor;               //文字颜色

    bool showOverlay;               //显示遮罩层
    QColor overlayColor;            //遮罩层颜色

    PieStyle pieStyle;              //饼图样式
    PointerStyle pointerStyle;      //指针样式

    bool reverse;                   //是否往回走
    double currentValue;            //当前值
    QTimer *timer;                  //定时器绘制动画

public:    
    double getMinValue()            const;
    double getMaxValue()            const;
    double getValue()               const;
    int getPrecision()              const;

    int getScaleMajor()             const;
    int getScaleMinor()             const;
    int getStartAngle()             const;
    int getEndAngle()               const;

    bool getAnimation()             const;
    double getAnimationStep()       const;

    QColor getOuterCircleColor()    const;
    QColor getInnerCircleColor()    const;

    QColor getPieColorStart()       const;
    QColor getPieColorMid()         const;
    QColor getPieColorEnd()         const;

    QColor getCoverCircleColor()    const;
    QColor getScaleColor()          const;
    QColor getPointerColor()        const;
    QColor getCenterCircleColor()   const;
    QColor getTextColor()           const;

    bool getShowOverlay()           const;
    QColor getOverlayColor()        const;

    PieStyle getPieStyle()          const;
    PointerStyle getPointerStyle()  const;

    QSize sizeHint()                const;
    QSize minimumSizeHint()         const;

public Q_SLOTS:
    //设置范围值
    void setRange(double minValue, double maxValue);
    void setRange(int minValue, int maxValue);

    //设置最大最小值
    void setMinValue(double minValue);
    void setMaxValue(double maxValue);

    //设置目标值
    void setValue(double value);
    void setValue(int value);

    //设置精确度
    void setPrecision(int precision);

    //设置主刻度数量
    void setScaleMajor(int scaleMajor);
    //设置小刻度数量
    void setScaleMinor(int scaleMinor);
    //设置开始旋转角度
    void setStartAngle(int startAngle);
    //设置结束旋转角度
    void setEndAngle(int endAngle);

    //设置是否启用动画显示
    void setAnimation(bool animation);
    //设置动画显示的步长
    void setAnimationStep(double animationStep);

    //设置外圆背景颜色
    void setOuterCircleColor(const QColor &outerCircleColor);
    //设置内圆背景颜色
    void setInnerCircleColor(const QColor &innerCircleColor);

    //设置饼圆三种颜色
    void setPieColorStart(const QColor &pieColorStart);
    void setPieColorMid(const QColor &pieColorMid);
    void setPieColorEnd(const QColor &pieColorEnd);

    //设置覆盖圆背景颜色
    void setCoverCircleColor(const QColor &coverCircleColor);
    //设置刻度尺颜色
    void setScaleColor(const QColor &scaleColor);
    //设置指针颜色
    void setPointerColor(const QColor &pointerColor);
    //设置中心圆颜色
    void setCenterCircleColor(const QColor &centerCircleColor);
    //设置文本颜色
    void setTextColor(const QColor &textColor);

    //设置是否显示遮罩层
    void setShowOverlay(bool showOverlay);
    //设置遮罩层颜色
    void setOverlayColor(const QColor &overlayColor);

    //设置饼图样式
    void setPieStyle(const PieStyle &pieStyle);
    //设置指针样式
    void setPointerStyle(const PointerStyle &pointerStyle);

Q_SIGNALS:
    void valueChanged(int value);
};

#endif //GAUGECAR_H

五、核心代码

void GaugeCar::paintEvent(QPaintEvent *)
{
    int width = this->width();
    int height = this->height();
    int side = qMin(width, height);

    //绘制准备工作,启用反锯齿,平移坐标轴中心,等比例缩放
    QPainter painter(this);
    painter.setRenderHints(QPainter::Antialiasing | QPainter::TextAntialiasing);
    painter.translate(width / 2, height / 2);
    painter.scale(side / 200.0, side / 200.0);

    //绘制外圆
    drawOuterCircle(&painter);
    //绘制内圆
    drawInnerCircle(&painter);
    //绘制饼圆
    drawColorPie(&painter);
    //绘制覆盖圆 用以遮住饼圆多余部分
    drawCoverCircle(&painter);
    //绘制刻度线
    drawScale(&painter);
    //绘制刻度值
    drawScaleNum(&painter);

    //根据指示器形状绘制指示器
    if (pointerStyle == PointerStyle_Circle) {
        drawPointerCircle(&painter);
    } else if (pointerStyle == PointerStyle_Indicator) {
        drawPointerIndicator(&painter);
    } else if (pointerStyle == PointerStyle_IndicatorR) {
        drawPointerIndicatorR(&painter);
    } else if (pointerStyle == PointerStyle_Triangle) {
        drawPointerTriangle(&painter);
    }

    //绘制指针中心圆外边框
    drawRoundCircle(&painter);
    //绘制指针中心圆
    drawCenterCircle(&painter);
    //绘制当前值
    drawValue(&painter);
    //绘制遮罩层
    drawOverlay(&painter);
}

void GaugeCar::drawOuterCircle(QPainter *painter)
{
    int radius = 99;
    painter->save();
    painter->setPen(Qt::NoPen);
    painter->setBrush(outerCircleColor);
    painter->drawEllipse(-radius, -radius, radius * 2, radius * 2);
    painter->restore();
}

void GaugeCar::drawInnerCircle(QPainter *painter)
{
    int radius = 90;
    painter->save();
    painter->setPen(Qt::NoPen);
    painter->setBrush(innerCircleColor);
    painter->drawEllipse(-radius, -radius, radius * 2, radius * 2);
    painter->restore();
}

void GaugeCar::drawColorPie(QPainter *painter)
{
    int radius = 60;
    painter->save();
    painter->setPen(Qt::NoPen);

    QRectF rect(-radius, -radius, radius * 2, radius * 2);

    if (pieStyle == PieStyle_Three) {
        //计算总范围角度,根据占比例自动计算三色圆环范围角度
        //可以更改比例
        double angleAll = 360.0 - startAngle - endAngle;
        double angleStart = angleAll * 0.7;
        double angleMid = angleAll * 0.15;
        double angleEnd = angleAll * 0.15;

        //增加偏移量使得看起来没有脱节
        int offset = 3;

        //绘制开始饼圆
        painter->setBrush(pieColorStart);
        painter->drawPie(rect, (270 - startAngle - angleStart) * 16, angleStart * 16);

        //绘制中间饼圆
        painter->setBrush(pieColorMid);
        painter->drawPie(rect, (270 - startAngle - angleStart - angleMid) * 16 + offset, angleMid * 16);

        //绘制结束饼圆
        painter->setBrush(pieColorEnd);
        painter->drawPie(rect, (270 - startAngle - angleStart - angleMid - angleEnd) * 16 + offset * 2, angleEnd * 16);
    } else if (pieStyle == PieStyle_Current) {
        //计算总范围角度,当前值范围角度,剩余值范围角度
        double angleAll = 360.0 - startAngle - endAngle;
        double angleCurrent = angleAll * ((currentValue - minValue) / (maxValue - minValue));
        double angleOther = angleAll - angleCurrent;

        //绘制当前值饼圆
        painter->setBrush(pieColorStart);
        painter->drawPie(rect, (270 - startAngle - angleCurrent) * 16, angleCurrent * 16);

        //绘制剩余值饼圆
        painter->setBrush(pieColorEnd);
        painter->drawPie(rect, (270 - startAngle - angleCurrent - angleOther) * 16, angleOther * 16);
    }

    painter->restore();
}

void GaugeCar::drawCoverCircle(QPainter *painter)
{
    int radius = 50;
    painter->save();
    painter->setPen(Qt::NoPen);
    painter->setBrush(coverCircleColor);
    painter->drawEllipse(-radius, -radius, radius * 2, radius * 2);
    painter->restore();
}

void GaugeCar::drawScale(QPainter *painter)
{
    int radius = 72;
    painter->save();

    painter->rotate(startAngle);
    int steps = (scaleMajor * scaleMinor);
    double angleStep = (360.0 - startAngle - endAngle) / steps;

    QPen pen;
    pen.setColor(scaleColor);
    pen.setCapStyle(Qt::RoundCap);

    for (int i = 0; i <= steps; i++) {
        if (i % scaleMinor == 0) {
            pen.setWidthF(1.5);
            painter->setPen(pen);
            painter->drawLine(0, radius - 10, 0, radius);
        } else {
            pen.setWidthF(0.5);
            painter->setPen(pen);
            painter->drawLine(0, radius - 5, 0, radius);
        }

        painter->rotate(angleStep);
    }

    painter->restore();
}

void GaugeCar::drawScaleNum(QPainter *painter)
{
    int radius = 82;
    painter->save();
    painter->setPen(scaleColor);

    double startRad = (360 - startAngle - 90) * (M_PI / 180);
    double deltaRad = (360 - startAngle - endAngle) * (M_PI / 180) / scaleMajor;

    for (int i = 0; i <= scaleMajor; i++) {
        double sina = qSin(startRad - i * deltaRad);
        double cosa = qCos(startRad - i * deltaRad);
        double value = 1.0 * i * ((maxValue - minValue) / scaleMajor) + minValue;

        QString strValue = QString("%1").arg((double)value, 0, 'f', precision);
        double textWidth = fontMetrics().width(strValue);
        double textHeight = fontMetrics().height();
        int x = radius * cosa - textWidth / 2;
        int y = -radius * sina + textHeight / 4;
        painter->drawText(x, y, strValue);
    }

    painter->restore();
}

void GaugeCar::drawPointerCircle(QPainter *painter)
{
    int radius = 6;
    int offset = 30;
    painter->save();
    painter->setPen(Qt::NoPen);
    painter->setBrush(pointerColor);

    painter->rotate(startAngle);
    double degRotate = (360.0 - startAngle - endAngle) / (maxValue - minValue) * (currentValue - minValue);
    painter->rotate(degRotate);
    painter->drawEllipse(-radius, radius + offset, radius * 2, radius * 2);

    painter->restore();
}

void GaugeCar::drawPointerIndicator(QPainter *painter)
{
    int radius = 75;
    painter->save();
    painter->setOpacity(0.8);
    painter->setPen(Qt::NoPen);
    painter->setBrush(pointerColor);

    QPolygon pts;
    pts.setPoints(3, -5, 0, 5, 0, 0, radius);

    painter->rotate(startAngle);
    double degRotate = (360.0 - startAngle - endAngle) / (maxValue - minValue) * (currentValue - minValue);
    painter->rotate(degRotate);
    painter->drawConvexPolygon(pts);

    painter->restore();
}

void GaugeCar::drawPointerIndicatorR(QPainter *painter)
{
    int radius = 75;
    painter->save();
    painter->setOpacity(1.0);

    QPen pen;
    pen.setWidth(1);
    pen.setColor(pointerColor);
    painter->setPen(pen);
    painter->setBrush(pointerColor);

    QPolygon pts;
    pts.setPoints(3, -5, 0, 5, 0, 0, radius);

    painter->rotate(startAngle);
    double degRotate = (360.0 - startAngle - endAngle) / (maxValue - minValue) * (currentValue - minValue);
    painter->rotate(degRotate);
    painter->drawConvexPolygon(pts);

    //增加绘制圆角直线,与之前三角形重叠,形成圆角指针
    pen.setCapStyle(Qt::RoundCap);
    pen.setWidthF(4);
    painter->setPen(pen);
    painter->drawLine(0, 0, 0, radius);

    painter->restore();
}

void GaugeCar::drawPointerTriangle(QPainter *painter)
{
    int radius = 10;
    int offset = 38;
    painter->save();
    painter->setPen(Qt::NoPen);
    painter->setBrush(pointerColor);

    QPolygon pts;
    pts.setPoints(3, -5, 0 + offset, 5, 0 + offset, 0, radius + offset);

    painter->rotate(startAngle);
    double degRotate = (360.0 - startAngle - endAngle) / (maxValue - minValue) * (currentValue - minValue);
    painter->rotate(degRotate);
    painter->drawConvexPolygon(pts);

    painter->restore();
}

void GaugeCar::drawRoundCircle(QPainter *painter)
{
    int radius = 18;
    painter->save();
    painter->setOpacity(0.8);
    painter->setPen(Qt::NoPen);
    painter->setBrush(pointerColor);
    painter->drawEllipse(-radius, -radius, radius * 2, radius * 2);
    painter->restore();
}

void GaugeCar::drawCenterCircle(QPainter *painter)
{
    int radius = 15;
    painter->save();
    painter->setPen(Qt::NoPen);
    painter->setBrush(centerCircleColor);
    painter->drawEllipse(-radius, -radius, radius * 2, radius * 2);
    painter->restore();
}

void GaugeCar::drawValue(QPainter *painter)
{
    int radius = 100;
    painter->save();
    painter->setPen(textColor);

    QFont font;
    font.setPixelSize(18);
    painter->setFont(font);

    QRectF textRect(-radius, -radius, radius * 2, radius * 2);
    QString strValue = QString("%1").arg((double)currentValue, 0, 'f', precision);
    painter->drawText(textRect, Qt::AlignCenter, strValue);

    painter->restore();
}

void GaugeCar::drawOverlay(QPainter *painter)
{
    if (!showOverlay) {
        return;
    }

    int radius = 90;
    painter->save();
    painter->setPen(Qt::NoPen);

    QPainterPath smallCircle;
    QPainterPath bigCircle;
    radius -= 1;
    smallCircle.addEllipse(-radius, -radius, radius * 2, radius * 2);
    radius *= 2;
    bigCircle.addEllipse(-radius, -radius + 140, radius * 2, radius * 2);

    //高光的形状为小圆扣掉大圆的部分
    QPainterPath highlight = smallCircle - bigCircle;

    QLinearGradient linearGradient(0, -radius / 2, 0, 0);
    overlayColor.setAlpha(100);
    linearGradient.setColorAt(0.0, overlayColor);
    overlayColor.setAlpha(30);
    linearGradient.setColorAt(1.0, overlayColor);
    painter->setBrush(linearGradient);
    painter->rotate(-20);
    painter->drawPath(highlight);

    painter->restore();
}

六、控件介绍

超过150个精美控件，涵盖了各种仪表盘、进度条、进度球、指南针、曲线图、标尺、温度计、导航条、导航栏，flatui、高亮按钮、滑动选择器、农历等。远超qwt集成的控件数量。
每个类都可以独立成一个单独的控件，零耦合，每个控件一个头文件和一个实现文件，不依赖其他文件，方便单个控件以源码形式集成到项目中，较少代码量。qwt的控件类环环相扣，高度耦合，想要使用其中一个控件，必须包含所有的代码。
全部纯Qt编写，QWidget+QPainter绘制，支持Qt4.6到Qt5.12的任何Qt版本，支持mingw、msvc、gcc等编译器，支持任意操作系统比如windows+linux+mac+嵌入式linux等，不乱码，可直接集成到Qt Creator中，和自带的控件一样使用，大部分效果只要设置几个属性即可，极为方便。
每个控件都有一个对应的单独的包含该控件源码的DEMO，方便参考使用。同时还提供一个所有控件使用的集成的DEMO。
每个控件的源代码都有详细中文注释，都按照统一设计规范编写，方便学习自定义控件的编写。
每个控件默认配色和demo对应的配色都非常精美。
超过130个可见控件，6个不可见控件。
部分控件提供多种样式风格选择，多种指示器样式选择。
所有控件自适应窗体拉伸变化。
集成自定义控件属性设计器，支持拖曳设计，所见即所得，支持导入导出xml格式。
自带activex控件demo，所有控件可以直接运行在ie浏览器中。
集成fontawesome图形字体+阿里巴巴iconfont收藏的几百个图形字体，享受图形字体带来的乐趣。
所有控件最后生成一个dll动态库文件，可以直接集成到qtcreator中拖曳设计使用。
目前已经有qml版本，后期会考虑出pyqt版本，如果用户需求量很大的话。