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社区首页 >专栏 >Logstash 配置 Grok 语法

Logstash 配置 Grok 语法

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王小明_HIT
修改2021-09-07 14:09:29
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修改2021-09-07 14:09:29
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Grok 是啥?

Grok 是一种采用组合多个预定义的正则表达式。用来匹配分割文本,并且映射到关键字的工具。主要用来对日志数据进行预处理。Logstash 的 filter 模块中 grok 插件就是其应用。其实主要思想就是用正则的方式匹配出字段,然后映射成某个字段。

例如:

代码语言:javascript
复制
filter {
    grok {
     match => { 
    "message" => "\[%{DATA:logtime}\]\[%{DATA:priority}\]\[%{DATA:thread}\]\[%{DATA:position}\]%{GREEDYDATA:info}"
     }
        add_tag => "systemlog"
    }
}

Grock 预定义了 120 个预定义字段,可参考

https://github.com/logstash-plugins/logstash-patterns-core/tree/master/patterns

Grok 匹配栗子

正则表达式说明

代码语言:javascript
复制
\w (字母数字)和 \W (非字母数字) 
\b 匹配字母或数字边界

假设有如下一个日志

代码语言:javascript
复制
localhost GET /index.html 1024 0.016
代码语言:javascript
复制

参考 Grok 预定义字段

  • localhost 一般指的是主机名或者 ip 对应的预定义字段就是 IPORHOST
  • WORD \b\w+\b 表示的是数字或者字母 能和 Get 匹配
  • URIPATHPARAM %{URIPATH}(?:%{URIPARAM})? 能和 /index.html 匹配上。

对应的就可以写出 如下 grok语句

代码语言:javascript
复制
%{IPORHOST:client} %{WORD:method} %{URIPATHPARAM:request} %{INT:size} %{NUMBER:duration}

logstash 收集这段日志的 filter 就可以写成如下

代码语言:javascript
复制
filter {
  grok {
    match => { "message" => "%{IPORHOST:client} %{WORD:method} %{URIPATHPARAM:request} %{INT:size} %{NUMBER:duration}" }
  }
}

GROCK 调试工具

看个调试工具 是 Kibana 中自带的 Grok Debugger

日志输入

代码语言:javascript
复制
|2019-08-26 10:40:00.457|ERROR|pool-2-thread-10|payment.bank829.tx.Tx6104.process(Tx6104.java:116)||---处理查询银行对账单失败---
java.lang.NullPointerException: null
    at com.singlee.BatchFile.AccountRequestDemo.AccountClient(AccountRequestDemo.java:40) ~[zxpayclient-1.0.jar:?]
    at payment.bank829.tx.Tx6104.process(Tx6104.java:65) [Base-Bank829-v2.0.0.2-RELEASE.jar:?]
    at payment.bank829.system.Handler.run(Handler.java:59) [Base-Bank829-v2.0.0.2-RELEASE.jar:?]
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149) [?:1.8.0_171]
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624) [?:1.8.0_171]
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748) [?:1.8.0_171]

格式匹配

代码语言:javascript
复制
\|%{DATA:logtime}\|%{DATA:priority}\|%{DATA:thread}\|%{DATA:position}\|\|%{GREEDYDATA:info}

结果输出

代码语言:javascript
复制
{
  "thread": "pool-2-thread-10",
  "position": "payment.bank829.tx.Tx6104.process(Tx6104.java:116)",
  "priority": "ERROR",
  "logtime": "2019-08-26 10:40:00.457",
  "info": "---处理查询银行对账单失败---\r"
}

由于换行,结果存在点偏差,可以发现,经过 grok 之后,结果就是一个个 key value 值。

Grok 预定义匹配字段

其实所谓的预定义字段,其实就是某个字段 表示的是某个正则表达式。

预定义字段参考

代码语言:javascript
复制
USERNAME [a-zA-Z0-9._-]+
USER %{USERNAME}
INT (?:[+-]?(?:[0-9]+))
BASE10NUM (?<![0-9.+-])(?>[+-]?(?:(?:[0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]+)?)|(?:\.[0-9]+)))
NUMBER (?:%{BASE10NUM})
BASE16NUM (?<![0-9A-Fa-f])(?:[+-]?(?:0x)?(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]+))
BASE16FLOAT \b(?<![0-9A-Fa-f.])(?:[+-]?(?:0x)?(?:(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]+(?:\.[0-9A-Fa-f]*)?)|(?:\.[0-9A-Fa-f]+)))\b

POSINT \b(?:[1-9][0-9]*)\b
NONNEGINT \b(?:[0-9]+)\b
WORD \b\w+\b
NOTSPACE \S+
SPACE \s*
DATA .*?
GREEDYDATA .*
QUOTEDSTRING (?>(?<!\\)(?>"(?>\\.|[^\\"]+)+"|""|(?>'(?>\\.|[^\\']+)+')|''|(?>`(?>\\.|[^\\`]+)+`)|``))
UUID [A-Fa-f0-9]{8}-(?:[A-Fa-f0-9]{4}-){3}[A-Fa-f0-9]{12}

# Networking
MAC (?:%{CISCOMAC}|%{WINDOWSMAC}|%{COMMONMAC})
CISCOMAC (?:(?:[A-Fa-f0-9]{4}\.){2}[A-Fa-f0-9]{4})
WINDOWSMAC (?:(?:[A-Fa-f0-9]{2}-){5}[A-Fa-f0-9]{2})
COMMONMAC (?:(?:[A-Fa-f0-9]{2}:){5}[A-Fa-f0-9]{2})
IPV6 ((([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){7}([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){6}(:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}|((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3})|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){5}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,2})|:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3})|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){4}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,3})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})?:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){3}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,4})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,2}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){2}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,5})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,3}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){1}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,6})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,4}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(:(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,7})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,5}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:)))(%.+)?
IPV4 (?<![0-9])(?:(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[0-1]?[0-9]{1,2})[.](?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[0-1]?[0-9]{1,2})[.](?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[0-1]?[0-9]{1,2})[.](?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[0-1]?[0-9]{1,2}))(?![0-9])
IP (?:%{IPV6}|%{IPV4})
HOSTNAME \b(?:[0-9A-Za-z][0-9A-Za-z-]{0,62})(?:\.(?:[0-9A-Za-z][0-9A-Za-z-]{0,62}))*(\.?|\b)
HOST %{HOSTNAME}
IPORHOST (?:%{HOSTNAME}|%{IP})
HOSTPORT %{IPORHOST}:%{POSINT}

# paths
PATH (?:%{UNIXPATH}|%{WINPATH})
UNIXPATH (?>/(?>[\w_%!$@:.,-]+|\\.)*)+
TTY (?:/dev/(pts|tty([pq])?)(\w+)?/?(?:[0-9]+))
WINPATH (?>[A-Za-z]+:|\\)(?:\\[^\\?*]*)+
URIPROTO [A-Za-z]+(\+[A-Za-z+]+)?
URIHOST %{IPORHOST}(?::%{POSINT:port})?
# uripath comes loosely from RFC1738, but mostly from what Firefox
# doesn't turn into %XX
URIPATH (?:/[A-Za-z0-9$.+!*'(){},~:;=@#%_\-]*)+
#URIPARAM \?(?:[A-Za-z0-9]+(?:=(?:[^&]*))?(?:&(?:[A-Za-z0-9]+(?:=(?:[^&]*))?)?)*)?
URIPARAM \?[A-Za-z0-9$.+!*'|(){},~@#%&/=:;_?\-\[\]]*
URIPATHPARAM %{URIPATH}(?:%{URIPARAM})?
URI %{URIPROTO}://(?:%{USER}(?::[^@]*)?@)?(?:%{URIHOST})?(?:%{URIPATHPARAM})?

# Months: January, Feb, 3, 03, 12, December
MONTH \b(?:Jan(?:uary)?|Feb(?:ruary)?|Mar(?:ch)?|Apr(?:il)?|May|Jun(?:e)?|Jul(?:y)?|Aug(?:ust)?|Sep(?:tember)?|Oct(?:ober)?|Nov(?:ember)?|Dec(?:ember)?)\b
MONTHNUM (?:0?[1-9]|1[0-2])
MONTHNUM2 (?:0[1-9]|1[0-2])
MONTHDAY (?:(?:0[1-9])|(?:[12][0-9])|(?:3[01])|[1-9])

# Days: Monday, Tue, Thu, etc...
DAY (?:Mon(?:day)?|Tue(?:sday)?|Wed(?:nesday)?|Thu(?:rsday)?|Fri(?:day)?|Sat(?:urday)?|Sun(?:day)?)

# Years?
YEAR (?>\d\d){1,2}
HOUR (?:2[0123]|[01]?[0-9])
MINUTE (?:[0-5][0-9])
# '60' is a leap second in most time standards and thus is valid.
SECOND (?:(?:[0-5]?[0-9]|60)(?:[:.,][0-9]+)?)
TIME (?!<[0-9])%{HOUR}:%{MINUTE}(?::%{SECOND})(?![0-9])
# datestamp is YYYY/MM/DD-HH:MM:SS.UUUU (or something like it)
DATE_US %{MONTHNUM}[/-]%{MONTHDAY}[/-]%{YEAR}
DATE_EU %{MONTHDAY}[./-]%{MONTHNUM}[./-]%{YEAR}
ISO8601_TIMEZONE (?:Z|[+-]%{HOUR}(?::?%{MINUTE}))
ISO8601_SECOND (?:%{SECOND}|60)
TIMESTAMP_ISO8601 %{YEAR}-%{MONTHNUM}-%{MONTHDAY}[T ]%{HOUR}:?%{MINUTE}(?::?%{SECOND})?%{ISO8601_TIMEZONE}?
DATE %{DATE_US}|%{DATE_EU}
DATESTAMP %{DATE}[- ]%{TIME}
TZ (?:[PMCE][SD]T|UTC)
DATESTAMP_RFC822 %{DAY} %{MONTH} %{MONTHDAY} %{YEAR} %{TIME} %{TZ}
DATESTAMP_RFC2822 %{DAY}, %{MONTHDAY} %{MONTH} %{YEAR} %{TIME} %{ISO8601_TIMEZONE}
DATESTAMP_OTHER %{DAY} %{MONTH} %{MONTHDAY} %{TIME} %{TZ} %{YEAR}
DATESTAMP_EVENTLOG %{YEAR}%{MONTHNUM2}%{MONTHDAY}%{HOUR}%{MINUTE}%{SECOND}

# Syslog Dates: Month Day HH:MM:SS
SYSLOGTIMESTAMP %{MONTH} +%{MONTHDAY} %{TIME}
PROG (?:[\w._/%-]+)
SYSLOGPROG %{PROG:program}(?:\[%{POSINT:pid}\])?
SYSLOGHOST %{IPORHOST}
SYSLOGFACILITY <%{NONNEGINT:facility}.%{NONNEGINT:priority}>
HTTPDATE %{MONTHDAY}/%{MONTH}/%{YEAR}:%{TIME} %{INT}

# Shortcuts
QS %{QUOTEDSTRING}

# Log formats
SYSLOGBASE %{SYSLOGTIMESTAMP:timestamp} (?:%{SYSLOGFACILITY} )?%{SYSLOGHOST:logsource} %{SYSLOGPROG}:
COMMONAPACHELOG %{IPORHOST:clientip} %{USER:ident} %{USER:auth} \[%{HTTPDATE:timestamp}\] "(?:%{WORD:verb} %{NOTSPACE:request}(?: HTTP/%{NUMBER:httpversion})?|%{DATA:rawrequest})" %{NUMBER:response} (?:%{NUMBER:bytes}|-)
COMBINEDAPACHELOG %{COMMONAPACHELOG} %{QS:referrer} %{QS:agent}

# Log Levels
LOGLEVEL ([Aa]lert|ALERT|[Tt]race|TRACE|[Dd]ebug|DEBUG|[Nn]otice|NOTICE|[Ii]nfo|INFO|[Ww]arn?(?:ing)?|WARN?(?:ING)?|[Ee]rr?(?:or)?|ERR?(?:OR)?|[Cc]rit?(?:ical)?|CRIT?(?:ICAL)?|[Ff]atal|FATAL|[Ss]evere|SEVERE|EMERG(?:ENCY)?|[Ee]merg(?:ency)?)
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目录
  • Grok 是啥?
  • Grok 匹配栗子
    • GROCK 调试工具
      • Grok 预定义匹配字段
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