Tomcat在SpringBoot中是如何启动的？

作者：木木匠
原文：https://my.oschina.net/luozhou/blog/3088908

@SpringBootApplication
public class TomcatdebugApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(TomcatdebugApplication.class, args);
    }

}

public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
    StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
    stopWatch.start();
    ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
    Collection<springbootexceptionreporter> exceptionReporters = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();
    //设置系统属性『java.awt.headless』，为true则启用headless模式支持
    configureHeadlessProperty();
    //通过*SpringFactoriesLoader*检索*META-INF/spring.factories*，
       //找到声明的所有SpringApplicationRunListener的实现类并将其实例化，
       //之后逐个调用其started()方法，广播SpringBoot要开始执行了
    SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
    //发布应用开始启动事件
    listeners.starting();
    try {
    //初始化参数
      ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(args);
      //创建并配置当前SpringBoot应用将要使用的Environment（包括配置要使用的PropertySource以及Profile）,
        //并遍历调用所有的SpringApplicationRunListener的environmentPrepared()方法，广播Environment准备完毕。
      ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments);
      configureIgnoreBeanInfo(environment);
      //打印banner
      Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
      //创建应用上下文
      context = createApplicationContext();
      //通过*SpringFactoriesLoader*检索*META-INF/spring.factories*，获取并实例化异常分析器
      exceptionReporters = getSpringFactoriesInstances(SpringBootExceptionReporter.class,
          new Class[] { ConfigurableApplicationContext.class }, context);
      //为ApplicationContext加载environment，之后逐个执行ApplicationContextInitializer的initialize()方法来进一步封装ApplicationContext，
        //并调用所有的SpringApplicationRunListener的contextPrepared()方法，【EventPublishingRunListener只提供了一个空的contextPrepared()方法】，
        //之后初始化IoC容器，并调用SpringApplicationRunListener的contextLoaded()方法，广播ApplicationContext的IoC加载完成，
        //这里就包括通过**@EnableAutoConfiguration**导入的各种自动配置类。
      prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner);
      //刷新上下文
      refreshContext(context);
      //再一次刷新上下文,其实是空方法，可能是为了后续扩展。
      afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
      stopWatch.stop();
      if (this.logStartupInfo) {
        new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass).logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
      }
      //发布应用已经启动的事件
      listeners.started(context);
      //遍历所有注册的ApplicationRunner和CommandLineRunner，并执行其run()方法。
        //我们可以实现自己的ApplicationRunner或者CommandLineRunner，来对SpringBoot的启动过程进行扩展。
      callRunners(context, applicationArguments);
    }
    catch (Throwable ex) {
      handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, listeners);
      throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
    }

    try {
    //应用已经启动完成的监听事件
      listeners.running(context);
    }
    catch (Throwable ex) {
      handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, null);
      throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
    }
    return context;
  }

protected ConfigurableApplicationContext createApplicationContext() {
    Class<!--?--> contextClass = this.applicationContextClass;
    if (contextClass == null) {
      try {
        switch (this.webApplicationType) {
        case SERVLET:
          contextClass = Class.forName(DEFAULT_SERVLET_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS);
          break;
        case REACTIVE:
          contextClass = Class.forName(DEFAULT_REACTIVE_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS);
          break;
        default:
          contextClass = Class.forName(DEFAULT_CONTEXT_CLASS);
        }
      }
      catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
        throw new IllegalStateException(
            "Unable create a default ApplicationContext, " + "please specify an ApplicationContextClass",
            ex);
      }
    }
    return (ConfigurableApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);
  }

//类：SpringApplication.java

private void refreshContext(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
    //直接调用刷新方法
    refresh(context);
    if (this.registerShutdownHook) {
      try {
        context.registerShutdownHook();
      }
      catch (AccessControlException ex) {
        // Not allowed in some environments.
      }
    }
  }
//类：SpringApplication.java

protected void refresh(ApplicationContext applicationContext) {
    Assert.isInstanceOf(AbstractApplicationContext.class, applicationContext);
    ((AbstractApplicationContext) applicationContext).refresh();
  }

// 类：AbstractApplicationContext  
public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
    synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
      // Prepare this context for refreshing.
      prepareRefresh();

      // Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
      ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();

      // Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
      prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);

      try {
        // Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
        postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);

        // Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
        invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);

        // Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
        registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);

        // Initialize message source for this context.
        initMessageSource();

        // Initialize event multicaster for this context.
        initApplicationEventMulticaster();

        // Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.这里的意思就是调用各个子类的onRefresh()
        onRefresh();

        // Check for listener beans and register them.
        registerListeners();

        // Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
        finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);

        // Last step: publish corresponding event.
        finishRefresh();
      }

      catch (BeansException ex) {
        if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
          logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " +
              "cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);
        }

        // Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
        destroyBeans();

        // Reset 'active' flag.
        cancelRefresh(ex);

        // Propagate exception to caller.
        throw ex;
      }

      finally {
        // Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we
        // might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...
        resetCommonCaches();
      }
    }
  }

//类：ServletWebServerApplicationContext
protected void onRefresh() {
    super.onRefresh();
    try {
      createWebServer();
    }
    catch (Throwable ex) {
      throw new ApplicationContextException("Unable to start web server", ex);
    }
  }
  
private void createWebServer() {
    WebServer webServer = this.webServer;
    ServletContext servletContext = getServletContext();
    if (webServer == null && servletContext == null) {
      ServletWebServerFactory factory = getWebServerFactory();
      this.webServer = factory.getWebServer(getSelfInitializer());
    }
    else if (servletContext != null) {
      try {
        getSelfInitializer().onStartup(servletContext);
      }
      catch (ServletException ex) {
        throw new ApplicationContextException("Cannot initialize servlet context", ex);
      }
    }
    initPropertySources();
  }

@Override
  public WebServer getWebServer(ServletContextInitializer... initializers) {
    Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
    File baseDir = (this.baseDirectory != null) ? this.baseDirectory : createTempDir("tomcat");
    tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath());
    Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol);
    tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector);
    customizeConnector(connector);
    tomcat.setConnector(connector);
    tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false);
    configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());
    for (Connector additionalConnector : this.additionalTomcatConnectors) {
      tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector);
    }
    prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers);
    return getTomcatWebServer(tomcat);
  }

 public Engine getEngine() {
        Service service = getServer().findServices()[0];
        if (service.getContainer() != null) {
            return service.getContainer();
        }
        Engine engine = new StandardEngine();
        engine.setName( "Tomcat" );
        engine.setDefaultHost(hostname);
        engine.setRealm(createDefaultRealm());
        service.setContainer(engine);
        return engine;
    }

/**
 If used, an Engine is always the top level Container in a Catalina
 * hierarchy. Therefore, the implementation's <code>setParent()</code> method
 * should throw <code>IllegalArgumentException</code>.
 *
 * @author Craig R. McClanahan
 */
public interface Engine extends Container {
    //省略代码
}
/**
 * <p>
 * The parent Container attached to a Host is generally an Engine, but may
 * be some other implementation, or may be omitted if it is not necessary.
 * </p><p>
 * The child containers attached to a Host are generally implementations
 * of Context (representing an individual servlet context).
 *
 * @author Craig R. McClanahan
 */
public interface Host extends Container {
//省略代码
    
}
/*** </p><p>
 * The parent Container attached to a Context is generally a Host, but may
 * be some other implementation, or may be omitted if it is not necessary.
 * </p><p>
 * The child containers attached to a Context are generally implementations
 * of Wrapper (representing individual servlet definitions).
 * </p><p>
 *
 * @author Craig R. McClanahan
 */
public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
    //省略代码
}
/**</p><p>
 * The parent Container attached to a Wrapper will generally be an
 * implementation of Context, representing the servlet context (and
 * therefore the web application) within which this servlet executes.
 * </p><p>
 * Child Containers are not allowed on Wrapper implementations, so the
 * <code>addChild()</code> method should throw an
 * <code>IllegalArgumentException</code>.
 *
 * @author Craig R. McClanahan
 */
public interface Wrapper extends Container {

    //省略代码
}

//部分源码，其余部分省略。
public class Tomcat {
//设置连接器
     public void setConnector(Connector connector) {
        Service service = getService();
        boolean found = false;
        for (Connector serviceConnector : service.findConnectors()) {
            if (connector == serviceConnector) {
                found = true;
            }
        }
        if (!found) {
            service.addConnector(connector);
        }
    }
    //获取service
       public Service getService() {
        return getServer().findServices()[0];
    }
    //设置Host容器
     public void setHost(Host host) {
        Engine engine = getEngine();
        boolean found = false;
        for (Container engineHost : engine.findChildren()) {
            if (engineHost == host) {
                found = true;
            }
        }
        if (!found) {
            engine.addChild(host);
        }
    }
    //获取Engine容器
     public Engine getEngine() {
        Service service = getServer().findServices()[0];
        if (service.getContainer() != null) {
            return service.getContainer();
        }
        Engine engine = new StandardEngine();
        engine.setName( "Tomcat" );
        engine.setDefaultHost(hostname);
        engine.setRealm(createDefaultRealm());
        service.setContainer(engine);
        return engine;
    }
    //获取server
       public Server getServer() {

        if (server != null) {
            return server;
        }

        System.setProperty("catalina.useNaming", "false");

        server = new StandardServer();

        initBaseDir();

        // Set configuration source
        ConfigFileLoader.setSource(new CatalinaBaseConfigurationSource(new File(basedir), null));

        server.setPort( -1 );

        Service service = new StandardService();
        service.setName("Tomcat");
        server.addService(service);
        return server;
    }
    
    //添加Context容器
      public Context addContext(Host host, String contextPath, String contextName,
            String dir) {
        silence(host, contextName);
        Context ctx = createContext(host, contextPath);
        ctx.setName(contextName);
        ctx.setPath(contextPath);
        ctx.setDocBase(dir);
        ctx.addLifecycleListener(new FixContextListener());

        if (host == null) {
            getHost().addChild(ctx);
        } else {
            host.addChild(ctx);
        }
        
    //添加Wrapper容器
         public static Wrapper addServlet(Context ctx,
                                      String servletName,
                                      Servlet servlet) {
        // will do class for name and set init params
        Wrapper sw = new ExistingStandardWrapper(servlet);
        sw.setName(servletName);
        ctx.addChild(sw);

        return sw;
    }
    
}