比Postman更方便的接口调试工具HTTPie

$ pip install --upgrade pip setuptools$ pip install --upgrade httpie

/*
* 提示：该行代码过长，系统自动注释不进行高亮。一键复制会移除系统注释 
* $ http --helpzhongxindeMacBook-Pro:~ zhongxin$ http --helpusage: http [--json] [--form] [--pretty {all,colors,format,none}]            [--style STYLE] [--print WHAT] [--headers] [--body] [--verbose]            [--all] [--history-print WHAT] [--stream] [--output FILE]            [--download] [--continue]            [--session SESSION_NAME_OR_PATH | --session-read-only SESSION_NAME_OR_PATH]            [--auth USER[:PASS]] [--auth-type {basic,digest}]            [--proxy PROTOCOL:PROXY_URL] [--follow]            [--max-redirects MAX_REDIRECTS] [--timeout SECONDS]            [--check-status] [--verify VERIFY]            [--ssl {ssl2.3,tls1,tls1.1,tls1.2}] [--cert CERT]            [--cert-key CERT_KEY] [--ignore-stdin] [--help] [--version]            [--traceback] [--default-scheme DEFAULT_SCHEME] [--debug]            [METHOD] URL [REQUEST_ITEM [REQUEST_ITEM ...]]HTTPie - a CLI, cURL-like tool for humans. <http://httpie.org>Positional Arguments:  These arguments come after any flags and in the order they are listed here.  Only URL is required.  METHOD      The HTTP method to be used for the request (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, ...).      This argument can be omitted in which case HTTPie will use POST if there      is some data to be sent, otherwise GET:          $ http example.org               # => GET          $ http example.org hello=world   # => POST  URL      The scheme defaults to 'http://' if the URL does not include one.      (You can override this with: --default-scheme=https)      You can also use a shorthand for localhost          $ http :3000                    # => http://localhost:3000          $ http :/foo                    # => http://localhost/foo  REQUEST_ITEM      Optional key-value pairs to be included in the request. The separator used      determines the type:      ':' HTTP headers:          Referer:http://httpie.org  Cookie:foo=bar  User-Agent:bacon/1.0      '==' URL parameters to be appended to the request URI:          search==httpie      '=' Data fields to be serialized into a JSON object (with --json, -j)          or form data (with --form, -f):          name=HTTPie  language=Python  description='CLI HTTP client'      ':=' Non-string JSON data fields (only with --json, -j):          awesome:=true  amount:=42  colors:='["red", "green", "blue"]'      '@' Form file fields (only with --form, -f):          cs@~/Documents/CV.pdf      '=@' A data field like '=', but takes a file path and embeds its content:           essay=@Documents/essay.txt      ':=@' A raw JSON field like ':=', but takes a file path and embeds its content:          package:=@./package.json      You can use a backslash to escape a colliding separator in the field name:          field-name-with\:colon=valuePredefined Content Types:  --json, -j      (default) Data items from the command line are serialized as a JSON object.      The Content-Type and Accept headers are set to application/json      (if not specified).  --form, -f      Data items from the command line are serialized as form fields.      The Content-Type is set to application/x-www-form-urlencoded (if not      specified). The presence of any file fields results in a      multipart/form-data request.Output Processing:  --pretty {all,colors,format,none}      Controls output processing. The value can be "none" to not prettify      the output (default for redirected output), "all" to apply both colors      and formatting (default for terminal output), "colors", or "format".  --style STYLE, -s STYLE      Output coloring style (default is "auto"). One of:          abap, algol, algol_nu, arduino, auto, autumn, borland, bw,          colorful, default, emacs, friendly, fruity, igor, lovelace,          manni, monokai, murphy, native, paraiso-dark, paraiso-light,          pastie, perldoc, rainbow_dash, rrt, sas, solarized,          solarized-dark, solarized-light, stata, stata-dark, stata-          light, tango, trac, vim, vs, xcode      The "auto" style follows your terminal's ANSI color styles.      For non-auto styles to work properly, please make sure that the      $TERM environment variable is set to "xterm-256color" or similar      (e.g., via `export TERM=xterm-256color' in your ~/.bashrc).Output Options:  --print WHAT, -p WHAT      String specifying what the output should contain:          'H' request headers          'B' request body          'h' response headers          'b' response body      The default behaviour is 'hb' (i.e., the response headers and body      is printed), if standard output is not redirected. If the output is piped      to another program or to a file, then only the response body is printed      by default.  --headers, -h      Print only the response headers. Shortcut for --print=h.  --body, -b      Print only the response body. Shortcut for --print=b.  --verbose, -v      Verbose output. Print the whole request as well as the response. Also print      any intermediary requests/responses (such as redirects).      It's a shortcut for: --all --print=BHhb  --all      By default, only the final request/response is shown. Use this flag to show      any intermediary requests/responses as well. Intermediary requests include      followed redirects (with --follow), the first unauthorized request when      Digest auth is used (--auth=digest), etc.  --history-print WHAT, -P WHAT      The same as --print, -p but applies only to intermediary requests/responses      (such as redirects) when their inclusion is enabled with --all. If this      options is not specified, then they are formatted the same way as the final      response.  --stream, -S      Always stream the output by line, i.e., behave like `tail -f'.      Without --stream and with --pretty (either set or implied),      HTTPie fetches the whole response before it outputs the processed data.      Set this option when you want to continuously display a prettified      long-lived response, such as one from the Twitter streaming API.      It is useful also without --pretty: It ensures that the output is flushed      more often and in smaller chunks.  --output FILE, -o FILE      Save output to FILE instead of stdout. If --download is also set, then only      the response body is saved to FILE. Other parts of the HTTP exchange are      printed to stderr.  --download, -d      Do not print the response body to stdout. Rather, download it and store it      in a file. The filename is guessed unless specified with --output      [filename]. This action is similar to the default behaviour of wget.  --continue, -c      Resume an interrupted download. Note that the --output option needs to be      specified as well.Sessions:  --session SESSION_NAME_OR_PATH      Create, or reuse and update a session. Within a session, custom headers,      auth credential, as well as any cookies sent by the server persist between      requests.      Session files are stored in:          /Users/zhongxin/.httpie/sessions/<HOST>/<SESSION_NAME>.json.  --session-read-only SESSION_NAME_OR_PATH      Create or read a session without updating it form the request/response      exchange.Authentication:  --auth USER[:PASS], -a USER[:PASS]      If only the username is provided (-a username), HTTPie will prompt      for the password.  --auth-type {basic,digest}, -A {basic,digest}      The authentication mechanism to be used. Defaults to "basic".      "basic": Basic HTTP auth      "digest": Digest HTTP authNetwork:  --proxy PROTOCOL:PROXY_URL      String mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy      (e.g. http:http://foo.bar:3128). You can specify multiple proxies with      different protocols.  --follow, -F      Follow 30x Location redirects.  --max-redirects MAX_REDIRECTS      By default, requests have a limit of 30 redirects (works with --follow).  --timeout SECONDS      The connection timeout of the request in seconds. The default value is      30 seconds.  --check-status      By default, HTTPie exits with 0 when no network or other fatal errors      occur. This flag instructs HTTPie to also check the HTTP status code and      exit with an error if the status indicates one.      When the server replies with a 4xx (Client Error) or 5xx (Server Error)      status code, HTTPie exits with 4 or 5 respectively. If the response is a      3xx (Redirect) and --follow hasn't been set, then the exit status is 3.      Also an error message is written to stderr if stdout is redirected.SSL:  --verify VERIFY      Set to "no" (or "false") to skip checking the host's SSL certificate.      Defaults to "yes" ("true"). You can also pass the path to a CA_BUNDLE file      for private certs. (Or you can set the REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE environment      variable instead.)  --ssl {ssl2.3,tls1,tls1.1,tls1.2}      The desired protocol version to use. This will default to      SSL v2.3 which will negotiate the highest protocol that both      the server and your installation of OpenSSL support. Available protocols      may vary depending on OpenSSL installation (only the supported ones      are shown here).  --cert CERT      You can specify a local cert to use as client side SSL certificate.      This file may either contain both private key and certificate or you may      specify --cert-key separately.  --cert-key CERT_KEY      The private key to use with SSL. Only needed if --cert is given and the      certificate file does not contain the private key.Troubleshooting:  --ignore-stdin, -I      Do not attempt to read stdin.  --help      Show this help message and exit.  --version      Show version and exit.  --traceback      Prints the exception traceback should one occur.  --default-scheme DEFAULT_SCHEME      The default scheme to use if not specified in the URL.  --debug      Prints the exception traceback should one occur, as well as other      information useful for debugging HTTPie itself and for reporting bugs.For every --OPTION there is also a --no-OPTION that reverts OPTIONto its default value.Suggestions and bug reports are greatly appreciated:    https://github.com/jakubroztocil/httpie/issues
*/

from flask import Flaskapp = Flask(__name__)@app.route('/')def hello_world():    return 'Hello World!'if __name__ == '__main__':    app.run()

http [flags] [METHOD] URL [ITEM [ITEM]]

$ http urlzhongxindeMacBook-Pro:~ zhongxin$ http http://127.0.0.1:5000/HTTP/1.0 200 OKContent-Length: 12Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2019 15:16:27 GMTServer: Werkzeug/0.15.5 Python/3.7.1Hello World!

from flask import Flask, requestapp = Flask(__name__)@app.route('/', methods=['POST', 'GET'])def hello_world():    if request.method == 'GET':        return 'Hello World!'    elif request.method == 'POST':        data = request.get_data()        return dataif __name__ == '__main__':    app.run()

$ http url key=value key=value$ http POST url key=value key=valuezhongxindeMacBook-Pro:~ zhongxin$ http http://127.0.0.1:5000/ name='zx' age=25HTTP/1.0 200 OKContent-Length: 27Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2019 15:21:13 GMTServer: Werkzeug/0.15.5 Python/3.7.1{    "age": "25",    "name": "zx"}

@app.route('/', methods=['POST', 'GET','DELETE'])def hello_world():    if request.method == 'GET':        return 'Hello World!'    elif request.method == 'POST':        data = request.get_data()        return data    elif request.method =='DELETE':        return '删啥呢'

$ http DELETE http://127.0.0.1:5000/zhongxindeMacBook-Pro:~ zhongxin$ http DELETE http://127.0.0.1:5000/HTTP/1.0 200 OKContent-Length: 9Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2019 15:24:14 GMTServer: Werkzeug/0.15.5 Python/3.7.1删啥呢

$ pip install flask-wtf

from flask import Flask, requestfrom flask_wtf import FlaskFormfrom wtforms import StringField, TextAreaFieldapp = Flask(__name__)class MyForm(FlaskForm):    name = StringField('Name')    age = TextAreaField('Age')@app.route('/', methods=['POST', 'GET', 'DELETE'])def hello_world():    if request.method == 'GET':        return 'Hello World!'    elif request.method == 'POST':        form = MyForm(csrf_enabled=False)        name = form.name.data        age = form.age.data        return f'从form表单拿到的name:{name},age:{age}'    elif request.method == 'DELETE':        return '删啥呢'if __name__ == '__main__':    app.run()

$ http -f http://127.0.0.1:5000/ name=zx age=25HTTP/1.0 200 OKContent-Length: 36Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2019 15:35:00 GMTServer: Werkzeug/0.15.5 Python/3.7.1从form表单拿到的name:zx,age:25

zhongxindeMacBook-Pro:~ zhongxin$ http -f -v http://127.0.0.1:5000/ name=zx age=25POST / HTTP/1.1Accept: */*Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflateConnection: keep-aliveContent-Length: 14Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8Host: 127.0.0.1:5000User-Agent: HTTPie/1.0.3name=zx&age=25HTTP/1.0 200 OKContent-Length: 36Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2019 15:36:31 GMTServer: Werkzeug/0.15.5 Python/3.7.1从form表单拿到的name:zx,age:25

$ http  -v http://127.0.0.1:5000/ name==zx age==25zhongxindeMacBook-Pro:~ zhongxin$ http  -v http://127.0.0.1:5000/ name==zx age==25GET /?name=zx&age=25 HTTP/1.1Accept: */*Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflateConnection: keep-aliveHost: 127.0.0.1:5000User-Agent: HTTPie/1.0.3HTTP/1.0 200 OKContent-Length: 12Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2019 15:39:24 GMTServer: Werkzeug/0.15.5 Python/3.7.1Hello World!

$ http -v http://127.0.0.1:5000/ User-Agent:666GET / HTTP/1.1Accept: */*Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflateConnection: keep-aliveHost: 127.0.0.1:5000User-Agent: 666HTTP/1.0 200 OKContent-Length: 12Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2019 15:40:42 GMTServer: Werkzeug/0.15.5 Python/3.7.1Hello World!

http -v http://127.0.0.1:5000/ z:=[1,2,3]zhongxindeMacBook-Pro:~ zhongxin$ http -v http://127.0.0.1:5000/ z:=[1,2,3]POST / HTTP/1.1Accept: application/json, */*Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflateConnection: keep-aliveContent-Length: 16Content-Type: application/jsonHost: 127.0.0.1:5000User-Agent: HTTPie/1.0.3{    "z": [        1,        2,        3    ]}HTTP/1.0 200 OKContent-Length: 32Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2019 15:46:40 GMTServer: Werkzeug/0.15.5 Python/3.7.1从form表单拿到的name:,age:

class MyForm(FlaskForm):    name = StringField('Name')    age = TextAreaField('Age')    photo = FileField('Photo')

$ http -v -f http://127.0.0.1:5000/ age=25 name=zx photo@/Users/zhongxin/Desktop/httpie_test/小哀.pngzhongxindeMacBook-Pro:~ zhongxin$ http -v -f http://127.0.0.1:5000/ age=25 name=zx photo@/Users/zhongxin/Desktop/httpie_test/小哀.pngPOST / HTTP/1.1Accept: */*Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflateConnection: keep-aliveContent-Length: 1307355Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=e9ff6d5440b8069e68bf49813d0a5dddHost: 127.0.0.1:5000User-Agent: HTTPie/1.0.3+-----------------------------------------+| NOTE: binary data not shown in terminal |+-----------------------------------------+HTTP/1.0 200 OKContent-Length: 36Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2019 16:09:15 GMTServer: Werkzeug/0.15.5 Python/3.7.1从form表单拿到的name:zx,age:25

$ http -a username:password example.org

$ http -A digest -a username:password example.org

# 创建新会话$ http --session=/tmp/session.json example.org API-Token:123# 使用旧的会话信息$ http --session=/tmp/session.json example.org