iOS文件上传的几种形式

码客说

发布于 2019-10-22 14:29:53

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发布于 2019-10-22 14:29:53

文章被收录于专栏：码客

前言

做文件上传功能有两种方式

一种是HTTP方式，另一种Socket方式但是HTTP方式不能上传大文件

HTTP方式又有两种

一种是二进制流上传一种是multipart/form-data形式

HTTP方式

二进制流不能附加其他的参数 multipart/form-data形式可以附加其他参数

平常我们提交表单时 Request的Content-Type为如下所示

Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

如果我们上传的表单中有文件我们会设置表单enctype="multipart/form-data" 这时提交时Request的Content-Type为如下所示

Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=alamofire.boundary.9b2bf38bcb25c57e

另一种文件上传Request的Content-Type为如下所示

Content-Type: application/octet-stream

用Alamofire进行HTTP上传

方式一 (multipart/form-data)

上传可以附带其他参数但是这种方式没法得到上传进度

//上传文件
static func uploadImage(url:String,parameters:[String:AnyObject],imagePath:NSURL,fileParName:String){
Alamofire.upload(
    .POST,
    url,
    multipartFormData: { multipartFormData in
        multipartFormData.appendBodyPart(fileURL: imagePath, name: fileParName)
        // 这里就是绑定参数的地方
        for (key, value) in parameters {
            if(value.stringValue != nil){
                multipartFormData.appendBodyPart(data: value.stringValue.dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)!, name: key);
            }
        }
    },
    encodingCompletion: { encodingResult in
        switch encodingResult {
        case .Success(let upload, _, _):
            upload.responseJSON { response in
                debugPrint(response)
            }
        case .Failure(let encodingError):
            print(encodingError)
        }
    }
)

方式二 (二进制流)

可以获取上传进度的方式但是没法附带其他参数

Alamofire.upload(.POST, "https://httpbin.org/post", file: imagePath)
    .progress { bytesWritten, totalBytesWritten, totalBytesExpectedToWrite in
        dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue()) {
            print("Total bytes written on main queue: \(totalBytesWritten)")
        }
    }
    .validate()
    .responseJSON { response in
        debugPrint(response)
}

所以例如设置用户头像等就用第一种方式要是做文件上传就必须用第二种方式第二种方式也能控制暂停、继续、停止等操作

用AFNetworking进行HTTP上传

方式一

static func uploadFile(url:String,parameters:[String:AnyObject]?,data:NSData,callBack:(success:Bool,operation:AFHTTPRequestOperation!,responseObject: AnyObject?,error:NSError?) -> Void ,progressBlock:(bytesWritten:UInt,totalBytesWritten:Int64,totalBytesExpectedToWrite:Int64) -> Void) -> AFHTTPRequestOperation {
    let manager = AFHTTPRequestOperationManager();
    let operation:AFHTTPRequestOperation? = manager.POST(url, parameters: parameters, constructingBodyWithBlock: {
        (formData:AFMultipartFormData!) -> Void in
            formData.appendPartWithFileData(data, name: "file", fileName: "shenfenzheng.jpg", mimeType: "image/jpeg");
        }, success: {
            (operation:AFHTTPRequestOperation!, responseObject: AnyObject!) -> Void in
            callBack(success: true, operation: operation, responseObject: responseObject, error: nil)
        }, failure: {
            (operation:AFHTTPRequestOperation?,error:NSError?) -> Void in
            callBack(success: false, operation: operation, responseObject: nil, error: error);
    })
    operation?.setUploadProgressBlock(progressBlock);
    return operation!;
}

调用方式

let operation = uploadFile("", parameters: nil, data: NSData(), callBack: { (success, operation, responseObject, error) in
    
}) { (bytesWritten, totalBytesWritten, totalBytesExpectedToWrite) in
    
}
operation.start();

方式二

这种方式要使用KVO来获取进度，个人不推荐因为如果同时上传多个文件时进度处理起来会比较麻烦

Swift代码

func uploadFile2(data:NSData){
    let parameters:[String:AnyObject] = [
        "userId": "123"
    ];
    let request = AFHTTPRequestSerializer().multipartFormRequestWithMethod("POST", URLString: "http://example.com/upload", parameters: parameters, constructingBodyWithBlock: { (formData) in
        formData.appendPartWithFileData(data, name: "file", fileName: "shenfenzheng.jpg", mimeType: "image/jpeg");
        }, error: nil)
    let manager = AFURLSessionManager(sessionConfiguration: NSURLSessionConfiguration.defaultSessionConfiguration())
    var progress: NSProgress?;
    _ = manager.uploadTaskWithStreamedRequest(request, progress: &progress) { (response, responseObject, error) in
            progress?.removeObserver(self, forKeyPath: "fractionCompleted", context: nil) 
    }
    progress?.addObserver(self, forKeyPath: "fractionCompleted", options: NSKeyValueObservingOptions.Initial, context: nil)
}
    
override func observeValueForKeyPath(keyPath: String?, ofObject object: AnyObject?, change: [String : AnyObject]?, context: UnsafeMutablePointer<Void>) {
    if(keyPath == "fractionCompleted"){
        let progress: NSProgress = object as! NSProgress;
        print("progress: \(progress.fractionCompleted)")
    }
}

ObjC代码

NSMutableURLRequest *request = [[AFHTTPRequestSerializer serializer] multipartFormRequestWithMethod:@"POST" URLString:@"http://example.com/upload" parameters:nil constructingBodyWithBlock:^(id<AFMultipartFormData> formData) {
        [formData appendPartWithFileURL:[NSURL fileURLWithPath:@"file://path/to/image.jpg"] name:@"file" fileName:@"filename.jpg" mimeType:@"image/jpeg" error:nil];
    } error:nil];

AFURLSessionManager *manager = [[AFURLSessionManager alloc] initWithSessionConfiguration:[NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration]];
NSProgress *progress = nil;

NSURLSessionUploadTask *uploadTask = [manager uploadTaskWithStreamedRequest:request progress:&progress completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse *response, id responseObject, NSError *error) {
    if (error) {
        NSLog(@"Error: %@", error);
    } else {
        NSLog(@"%@ %@", response, responseObject);
    }
}];

[uploadTask resume];

大文件上传

目前考虑到WEB端只能用HTTP方式，所以我用的是HTTP分片上传

方式一 HTTP形式

上面说了大文件上传需要用Socket 其实用HTTP的multipart/form-data形式也可以

原理就是上传时把文件进行切片提交时除了文件data 同时传入总片数当前是第几片服务端得到所有的数据片后合并数据

方式二 Socket形式

Socket上传时如果是大文件也是要进行分片的

上传下载客户端

上传

- (void)viewDidLoad

{
    [super viewDidLoad];
    self.socketClient = [[AsyncSocket alloc] initWithDelegate:self];
    [self.socketClient connectToHost:@"192.168.1.188" onPort:8000 withTimeout:-1 error:Nil];
    
    // 发送数据
    NSLog(@"发送数据");
    NSString *headerString = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"upload&&%@&&%d",self.file.fileName,self.file.fileLength];
    NSMutableData *allData = [MXUtils getAllDataByHeaderString:headerString];
    NSData *fileData = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:self.file.filePath];
    NSLog(@"%d",self.file.fileLength);
    [allData appendData:fileData];
    [self.socketClient writeData:allData withTimeout:-1 tag:0];
    self.labelUploadInfo.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"上传%@",self.file.fileName];
}

-(void)onSocket:(AsyncSocket *)sock didWriteDataWithTag:(long)tag{

    UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"提示" message:@"上传成功" delegate:self cancelButtonTitle:@"确定" otherButtonTitles:Nil, nil];
    [alert show];
}

获取下载列表是通过互相发送消息，从服务端把文件对象(也就是文件在服务端的绝对路径)归档发送到客户端，然后在客户端反归档获取文件列表

- (void)viewDidLoad

{

    [super viewDidLoad];
    self.socketClient = [[AsyncSocket alloc] initWithDelegate:self];
    [self.socketClient connectToHost:@"192.168.1.188" onPort:8000 withTimeout:-1 error:Nil];
    NSString *headerString = @"downList&& &&";
    NSMutableData *allData = [MXUtils getAllDataByHeaderString:headerString];
    [self.socketClient writeData:allData withTimeout:-1 tag:0];
    [self.socketClient readDataWithTimeout:-1 tag:0];
}

-(void)onSocket:(AsyncSocket *)sock didReadData:(NSData *)data withTag:(long)tag{
    // 反归档
    NSKeyedUnarchiver *unarchiver = [[NSKeyedUnarchiver alloc] initForReadingWithData:data];
    self.filePathArray = [unarchiver decodeObjectForKey:@"downlist"];
    NSLog(@"%@",self.filePathArray);
    [self.tableView reloadData];
}

下载是通过列表中的文件路径发送给服务端，然后服务端根据其路径找到文件返回去

- (void)viewDidLoad

{
    [super viewDidLoad];
    self.fileData = [NSMutableData data];
    self.socketClient = [[AsyncSocket alloc] initWithDelegate:self];
    [self.socketClient connectToHost:@"192.168.1.188" onPort:8000 withTimeout:-1 error:Nil];

    // 发送数据
    NSLog(@"发送数据");
    NSString *headerString = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"download&&%@&&",self.file.filePath];
    NSMutableData *allData = [MXUtils getAllDataByHeaderString:headerString];
    NSLog(@"%d",self.file.fileLength);
    [self.socketClient writeData:allData withTimeout:-1 tag:0];
    self.labelDownload.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"下载%@",self.file.fileName];
    [self.socketClient readDataWithTimeout:-1 tag:0];
}

-(void)onSocket:(AsyncSocket *)sock didReadData:(NSData *)data withTag:(long)tag{
    [self.fileData appendData:data];
    if (self.fileData.length == self.file.fileLength) {
        [self.fileData writeToFile:[@"/Users/tarena/yz/第三阶段(高级UI)/day11/download" stringByAppendingPathComponent:self.file.fileName] atomically:YES];
        UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"提示" message:@"下载成功" delegate:self cancelButtonTitle:@"确定" otherButtonTitles:Nil, nil];
        [alert show];
    }

    [self.socketClient readDataWithTimeout:-1 tag:0];
}

上传下载服务端

- (void)viewDidLoad

{
    [super viewDidLoad];
    self.socketServer = [[AsyncSocket alloc] initWithDelegate:self];
    [self.socketServer acceptOnPort:8000 error:Nil];
}

-(void)onSocket:(AsyncSocket *)sock didAcceptNewSocket:(AsyncSocket *)newSocket{
    NSLog(@"通道");
    self.socketNew = newSocket;
}

-(void)onSocket:(AsyncSocket *)sock didConnectToHost:(NSString *)host port:(UInt16)port{
    NSLog(@"连接成功%@",host);
    self.host = host;
    [self.socketNew readDataWithTimeout:-1 tag:0];
}

-(void)onSocket:(AsyncSocket *)sock didReadData:(NSData *)data withTag:(long)tag{
    NSLog(@"读取数据成功");
    // 判断是否有消息头
    NSData *headerData = [data subdataWithRange:NSMakeRange(0, 100)];
    NSString *headerString = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:headerData encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]; // 消息头
    if (headerString && [headerString componentsSeparatedByString:@"&&"].count == 3) {
        NSLog(@"有消息头");
        NSArray *headerArray = [headerString componentsSeparatedByString:@"&&"];
        NSString *type = headerArray[0];
        if ([type isEqualToString:@"upload"]) {
            self.allData = [NSMutableData data];
            self.fileName = headerArray[1];
            self.fileLength = [headerArray[2] intValue];
            NSData *subData = [data subdataWithRange:NSMakeRange(100, data.length - 100)];
            [self.allData appendData:subData];
            self.labelUploadInfo.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@在上传%@文件",self.host,self.fileName];
            self.progressUpload.progress = self.allData.length * 1.0 / self.fileLength;
        }else if([type isEqualToString:@"downList"]){
            NSData *data = [MXUtils getFilePathArrayDataByDirectoryPath:@""];
            [self.socketNew writeData:data withTimeout:-1 tag:0];
        }else if([type isEqualToString:@"download"]){
            NSString *filePath = headerArray[1];
            NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:filePath];
            [self.socketNew writeData:data withTimeout:-1 tag:0];
        }

    }else{

        [self.allData appendData:data];
        self.progressUpload.progress = self.allData.length * 1.0 / self.fileLength;

    }

    if (self.allData.length == self.fileLength) {
        NSString *path = [@"" stringByAppendingPathComponent:self.fileName];
        NSLog(@"写到%@",path);
        [self.allData writeToFile:path atomically:YES];
    }
    [self.socketNew readDataWithTimeout:-1 tag:0];

}

把消息头存进要发送的数据中并且固定占用多少字节

使用网络需要导入CFNetwork.framework框架

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原始发表：2016-06-06，如有侵权请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除

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